RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In digital dentistry, virtual attachment removal (VAR) optimizes clear aligner therapy by enhancing efficiency for refinements and enabling prefabricated retainer production through the removal of attachments from a digital scan before the clinical removal of clear aligner attachments. This prospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of VAR in the maxillary arch. METHODS: A total of 110 teeth were analyzed from a sample of 54 maxillary scans from 25 subjects. Models with attachments were virtually debonded using Meshmixer (Autodesk, San Rafael, Calif) and superimposed over the control group in MeshLab. Vector Analysis Module (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ) was used to calculate and analyze 3-dimensional Euclidean distances on the buccal surfaces between the superimposed models. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 23.0, IBM, Armonk, NY). The Shapiro-Wilkes (α = 0.05) test determined a nonnormal distribution of results. The Kruskal-Wallis (α = 0.05) was used to determine differences between different tooth types and the number of attachments. RESULTS: The VAR protocol showed no statistical differences in the root mean square between different tooth segments with an overall tendency for inadequate attachment removal. No difference between the groups was found regarding the number of attachments when used as a main factor. CONCLUSIONS: The VAR technique is precise enough for the fabrication of retainers from printed dental models in a clinical setting and is not affected by the number of attachments on the tooth.
Assuntos
Imageamento Tridimensional , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Maxila , Adulto Jovem , Desenho de Aparelho Ortodôntico , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/métodos , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/instrumentação , Adulto , Adolescente , Contenções Ortodônticas , Modelos Dentários , Desenho Assistido por ComputadorRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate maxillomandibular morphology in hyperdivergent and hypodivergent individuals, using 3D surface models generated by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: The sample consisted of 60 CBCTs (30 males, 30 females) patients aged 12-30 years, divided into two groups comprising hyperdivergent (≥35°) and hypodivergent (≤30°) individuals, according to the mandibular plane (MP) angle. Multiplanar reconstructions were used to mark the landmarks, and 3D surface models were created to evaluate structures of the maxillomandibular complex, including condyle, ramus, symphysis and palatal height. Intergroup comparisons were performed by independent t-test. Pearson's correlation test was used (P < .05) to evaluate the correlation of the MP angle with the angles and linear measurements of other structures. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the groups regarding condylar width, ramus height, condylar plus ramus height, mandibular length, gonial angle, palatal plane angle and palatal-mandibular angle. No differences (P > .05) were found for the condylar height, symphysis inclination angle or palatal height. Correlations (P < .05) were found between the MP angle and structures of the maxillomandibular complex. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperdivergent (MP ≥ 35°) and hypodivergent (MP ≤ 30°) individuals present different skeletal morphology regarding condylar width, ramus height, condylar plus ramus height, mandibular length, gonial angle, palatal plane angle and palatal-mandibular angle. There is a significant correlation between MP angle and morphological structures such as condyle, ramus, symphysis, palatal plane angle and palatal-mandibular angle.
Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Mandíbula , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Cefalometria/métodos , Côndilo Mandibular/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to quantify the outcomes of adolescent patients with Class II malocclusion treated with the Carriere Motion 3D Appliance (CMA) combined with full fixed appliances. METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 22 patients were available before orthodontic treatment (T1), at removal of the CMA (T2), and posttreatment (T3). The average age of the patients was 13.5 ± 1.6 years at T1, 14.1 ± 0.2 years at T2, and 15.6 ± 0.5 years at T3. The 3-dimensional image analysis procedures were performed using ITK-SNAP (version 3.6.0; www.itksnap.org, Hatfield, Pa) and SlicerCMF (version 4.11.0; http://www.slicer.org, Cambridge, Mass); skeletal and dentoalveolar changes relative to cranial base, maxillary, and mandibular regional superimpositions were evaluated. RESULTS: Changes were analyzed with 1 sample t tests using the mean differences during the CMA phase (T1 to T2) and total treatment time (T1 to T3). Significant skeletal changes included a slight reduction of ANB from T1 to T3, mandibular growth (Co-Gn increment of 1.2 mm and 3.3 mm from T1 to T2 and T1 to T3, respectively), inferior displacement of point A, and anterior and inferior displacement of point B. The mandibular plane did not change significantly during treatment. During the CMA treatment, posterior tipping and distal rotation of the maxillary molars, tip back and inferior displacement of the maxillary canines, significant mesial rotation, and superior displacement of the mandibular molars were observed. These movements rebounded during the full fixed appliance phase except for the molar and canine vertical displacements. Clinically significant dental changes during treatment included a reduction in overjet and overbite, Class II correction of the molar and canine relationship, and proclination of the mandibular incisors. CONCLUSIONS: The CMA is an effective treatment modality for Class II correction in growing patients because of a combination of mesial movement of the mandibular molar, distal rotation of the maxillary molar, and anterior displacement of the mandible.
Assuntos
Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Funcionais , Sobremordida , Adolescente , Humanos , Criança , Cefalometria/métodos , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/diagnóstico por imagem , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/terapia , Sobremordida/terapia , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Maxila , Desenho de Aparelho OrtodônticoRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a highly effective technique for correction of severe maxillary hypoplasia, especially in patients with orofacial clefts and craniofacial syndromes. The purpose of this retrospective, longitudinal study was to assess long-term airway alterations after maxillary advancement using a rigid external distraction system (RED) in non growing cleft patients. Fifteen cleft patients (8 males and 7 females) aged from 14 to 25 years were included in this study. All of them were treated with a rigid external distraction system for maxillary advancement after a high Le Fort I osteotomy. To analyse airway changes lateral cephalograms were obteined before distraction (T0), immediately after distraction (T1) and 1 to 3 years and 3 months after distraction (T2). All the measurements were describled by means of median, minimum and maximum. In order to evaluate differences between each time interval, a Wilcoxon test associated to a Delta Cliff test was used to evaluate the effect size (level of significance adopted was 5%). A significant maxillary advancement and increased upper airway antero-posterior dimensions were observed after the distraction osteogeness process, as demonstrated by the difference between T1 and T0. No significant relapse at T2 was found. Lower airway and the airway at tip of uvula region did not display significant alterations. A significant maxillary advancement and increased antero-posterior upper airway dimension was measured immediately after maxillary distraction with rigid external distraction in non growing cleft patients. The findings were stable three years after distraction.
Assuntos
Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Osteogênese por Distração , Cefalometria , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Maxila/diagnóstico por imagem , Maxila/cirurgia , Osteotomia de Le Fort , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the existing literature comparing mini-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) and conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) regarding the effect on the buccal alveolar bone thickness (BT) and marginal bone level (BL). METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, Embase, Ovid, LIVIVO, CINAHL, the Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, Google Scholar and SIGLE were searched up to January 2020. Risk of bias (RoB) assessments were performed using the Cochrane Collaboration and ROBINS-I tools. Fixed-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) was implemented to assess the pooled estimates for the BT outcome. The analyses were performed adopting a significance level of 5%. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarize the results on the BL. The GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence. RESULTS: Three randomized clinical trials and one retrospective study were included. Only one study was rated as with low RoB, while the others were scored as with moderate to serious RoB. Limited evidence indicated that patients using conventional RPE had a greater loss of the BT compared to patients using MARPE (SMD = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.29-0.80; P < .0001). Subgroup analyses showed that differences were significant in both premolars' regions, right (SMD = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.24-1.25; P = .004) and left (SMD = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.52-1.57; P < .0001), and these were not significant for the molars' regions (P > .05) (Low quality of evidence). LIMITATIONS: Limited amount of selected papers, methodological issues that could lead to bias and high clinical heterogeneity among the studies. Due to the statistical model applied for the quantitative synthesis of the results, no generalization to any other population is recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Limited evidence suggests that MARPE could decrease the loss of the buccal alveolar bone when compared to conventional RPE.
Assuntos
Técnica de Expansão Palatina , Zigoma , Humanos , Palato , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of impacted upper permanent canines (IUPC) is a relatively common clinical finding. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the buccal impaction of upper permanent canines with their dimensions and the maxilla bone base. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cone beam computed tomography files of 66 patients were allocated into: impaction group (ICG/n=33/mean age 15.7±3.9 years), with 44 impacted canines by the buccal side; control group (CG/n=33/mean age 15.66±3.99 years), matched for age and sex, with 66 canines normally erupted. The following measurements were obtained from ICG and CG groups: linear and volumetric canine dimensions, linear measurements of upper permanent central and lateral incisors, measurements of the anterior perimeter and transverse segments of the maxilla. Independent Student's t-test was used for intergroup analysis with correction of Bonferroni (α=0,005). RESULTS: Higher values were found in the means of the variables regarding to the anterior teeth crowns in the ICG group, however, without a significant difference (P<0,005). The upper arch anterior perimeter of the individuals with canine impaction through buccal area was reduced compared to CG (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that individuals with upper buccal impacted permanent canine showed a significantly smaller anterior perimeter of the maxillary arch when compared to the control group. Although greater canine mesiodistal diameter was found in this group, there is no statistical association with the occurrence of this condition.
Assuntos
Maxila , Dente Impactado , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Maxila/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Canino/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Impactado/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Impactado/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of impacted upper permanent canines (IUPC) is a relatively common clinical finding. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the upper permanent canines palatal impaction, lateral incisors morphology and the maxilla bone base. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cone-beam tomography files from 62 subjects were divided into 2 groups: impaction group (ICG/n=31; mean age 14.3±2.4) with 45 canines impacted on the palatal side and age- and sex-matched control group (CG/n=31; mean age 14.3±2.3), with 62 normally erupted canines. Linear and volumetric measurements of the lateral incisors, linear transversal measures and the maxillary anterior perimeter were taken. Independent Student's t-test was used for intergroup analysis with correction of Bonferroni. RESULTS: Significant differences were found for crown length and root diameter (buccal-palatal) (P<0.005). The maxillary anterior perimeter in the ICG was reduced in relation to the GC but not significantly (P=0.008). The transverse skeletal variables of the maxilla were equivalent in the intergroup comparison (P>0.005). CONCLUSION: Smaller dimensions in the crown length and in the upper permanent lateral incisors root buccal-palatal diameter were associated with the impaction of upper permanent canines on the palatal side. The maxillary transverse morphology did not show any association with the occurrence of this condition.
Assuntos
Incisivo , Dente Impactado , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Incisivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Maxila/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Impactado/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Impactado/complicações , Dente Canino/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the colour stability and mechanical resistance of orthodontic elastic ligature exposed to cigarette smoke. METHODS: Four commercial brands were used: Aditek® (GA), Eurodonto® (GE), Morelli® (GM) and Orthometric® (GO). Eight elastic ligature rings (for mechanical analysis) and eight 5×5mm fragments of the material (for colour stability analysis) were separated from each commercial brand for the control group (C) (n=64) and experimental group (E) (n=64). The control group was not exposed to cigarette smoke. Colourimetric status (CIEL*a*b* System) and light transmittance (% transmitted light) were evaluated using Vita Easyshade Compact and CM2600 spectrophotometers, respectively. The mechanical resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine (EMIC DL), performing tensile testing (speed 5mm/min). The analyses occurred at the following times: T0, before exposure to the smoke; T1, after the 1st exposure; and T2, after the 2nd exposure to cigarette smoke. Comparison between the groups and evaluation of the time effect were performed with the ANOVA/Tukey (a=0.05) and ANOVA-MR tests with Bonferroni correction (α=0.016). RESULTS: Significant differences were only observed for colour stability in the GA-E (NBS T2: 15.94±1.88) and GM-E (NBS T2: 16.11±4.54) groups (P<0.05); transmittance in the GA-E group (T2-T0: -9.07±5.01) (P<0.016) and mechanical resistance in the GA-C group (T2-T0: -0.95±0.61N) (P<0.016). CONCLUSION: The orthodontic elastic ligatures were sensitive to the cigarette smoke exposure regarding to loss of mechanical strength properties and change in colour stability.
Assuntos
Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Fumaça , Cor , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , FumarRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To analyse, in vitro, surface properties and the shear bond strength after debonding and polishing procedures of ceramic brackets directly bonded to 0.3-0.5-mm thick feldspathic veneers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty six feldspathic ceramic veneers samples (0.3 to 0.5-mm thick) were allocated into groups according to veneers surface treatment procedures: (S) glaze layer was retained; (SHF) hydrofluoric (HF) acid etch; (SOXA) Al2O3 sandblasting; and (SB) diamond burs roughening. Specimens were treated with silane Monobond N® and ceramic brackets bonded with Transbond XT®. Shear bonding strength (SBS) was assessed with a universal testing machine and ARI evaluated under a stereomicroscopic coupled to a digital camera. Remaining bonding composite was removed using a porcelain polishing kit and surface roughness assessed with a stylus profilometer. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were identified for SBS among the study groups (S, SHF, SOXA and SB) (P>0.05). The majority of the specimens presented ARI scores 3 and 2 (P>0.05). All of the study groups presented increased surface roughness after debonding and polishing procedures (P<0.05), with significant greater values observed in SB group (RaF: 1.27±0.41; RzF: 6.23±1.82), (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Surface treatment with hydrofluoric acid etch, Al2O3 sandblasting and diamond bur did not enhance SBS of orthodontic brackets bonded to ceramic veneers. Ceramic surfaces treated with diamond burs presented significantly increased roughness after adhesive removal.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess in-vitro trabecular bone damage following mono- and bicortical mini-implant (MI) anchorage in mini-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen self-drilling MI (four MARPE appliances) were distributed in two groups according to bone insertion (monocortical and bicortical) in bovine rib. The device was activated five times (0.5mm each). Trabecular bone damage was assessed using micro-CT scans made at baseline and after each activation by trabecular spacing parameter (Tb.Sp) (distance [mm] between the trabecular bone structure). These measurements were made in five different regions of interest (ROI) surrounding the screw (whole, superior, inferior, anterior and posterior). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc analysis (α=0.05) was used to evaluate the effect of insertion type (monocortical vs. bicortical) and activation cycle (0-5) on trabecular damage. The time effect was evaluated using ANOVA-MR test effect with Bonferroni correction (α=0.003). The micro-CT images were also examined qualitatively. RESULTS: When analysing the individual ROIs, only the superior ROI had a significant difference (P<0.003) beginning at the fourth activation cycle. For the monocortical group, trabecular spacing was affected when the whole ROI was analysed beginning at the fourth activation cycle, while for the superior ROI, this difference became apparent beginning with the third activation cycle (P<0.003). For the qualitative analysis, it seems that only monocortical anchorage influences the trabecular bone in the superior area. CONCLUSIONS: Monocortical anchorage is more susceptible to bone damage around the MIs, with the superior (cervical) region most strongly affected.
Assuntos
Osso Esponjoso , Procedimentos de Ancoragem Ortodôntica , Técnica de Expansão Palatina , Animais , Parafusos Ósseos , Osso Esponjoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Bovinos , Humanos , Palato , Próteses e Implantes , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Assess the influence of mono- and bicortical anchorage and diameter of mini-implants (MIs) on the primary stability of these devices. METHODS: 60 self-drilling MIs were distributed in six groups according to diameter (1.5mm, 1.8mm or 2.0mm) and type of anchorage (monocortical and bicortical) in bovine rib. The primary stability was evaluated by insertion torque, micromobility and pull-out strength tests. ANOVA and/or Tukey analysis were used to conduct intergroup comparisons (p< 0.05). Non-parametric statistics (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney) were performed when normality was not found (p< 0.05). RESULTS: MIs with larger diameters and bicortical anchorage showed greater primary stability regarding insertion torque (p< 0.05) and micromobility (p< 0.05). Only MI diameter had an effect on the pull-out strength test. Larger diameter MIs presented better retention in pull-out strength tests (p< 0.001), regardless of mono- or bicortical anchorage. CONCLUSIONS: MI primary stability is dependent on its diameter and type of anchorage. Bicortical anchorage showed greater stability when compared with monocortical anchorage, independently of other variables.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Procedimentos de Ancoragem Ortodôntica , Animais , Bovinos , Técnica de Expansão Palatina , Palato , TorqueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of African-Brazilians young adults with excellent dental occlusion, including bimaxillary protrusion; compare them to European-American Caucasian standards, and determine whether there is sexual dimorphism in the display of this phenotype. METHODS: Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from 43 African-Brazilians within military personnel (28 males and 15 females, average age 22.4 ± 3.4 years) with normal occlusion, selected from a group of 394 volunteers. Thirty-one angular and linear measurements were evaluated. Student's t-test for independent samples was used to compare results with those established by European-American standards, previously described in the literature. RESULTS: Considering the dentoalveolar pattern, seven angular and six linear measurements showed statistically significant differences (p< 0.001) when compared to Caucasian cephalometric standards. African-Brazilians' subjects showed lower cranial base angle (SNAr = 119.87 ± 5.66º) and anterior cranial base length (SN-distance = 68.63 ± 4.50 mm) (p< 0.001). The maxilla (SNA = 88.51 ± 3.23º) and the mandible (SNB = 85.06 ± 3.24º) were protruded in relation to the SN line (p< 0.001). Sexual dimorphism was significant for L1.NB (degrees) (p< 0.01), and interincisal angle (U1.L1) (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: African-Brazilian young adults presented differences regarding dental and craniofacial characteristics, when compared to European-American norms. It can be stated that Caucasian cephalometric norms should not be applied to African-Brazilian faces.
Assuntos
Mandíbula , Maxila , Adulto , Brasil , Cefalometria , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Maxila/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the colour stability and friction property of aesthetic orthodontic wires when exposed to cigarette smoke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight samples of aesthetic orthodontic wires (0.019â³×0.025â³) were allocated to three experimental groups according to their brand (n=8): GAD (Aditek™); GTP (TP Orthodontics™); GRM (Rocky Mountain™) and their respective control groups (GC) (n=8). Samples were exposed to 2 cycles of smoke in a hermetic chamber while GCs were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C. Colour analysis (CIEL*a*b* colour space and NBS units) was performed on 5mm wire segments with the Vita Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer. The friction analysis was performed in a universal test machine, in segments of 5cm wires tied to ceramic brackets with maximum values recorded in N/cm. The comparison between groups was performed with the ANOVA/Tukey test (a=0.05) and the effect of the time evaluated with ANOVA-MR with Bonferroni correction (a=0.016). RESULTS: GTP and GRM did not show significant colour and friction property variations and did not differ from GC during the study (P>0.05). However, GAD was significantly sensitive to colour changes (T1-T0-L*: -4.09±1.06; a*: 2.25±0.39; b*: 1.70±0, (T2-T0-L* 0.66±0.92; a*: 2.76±0.35) and friction (T2-T0: 2.07±1.00N/cm) (P<0.016). CONCLUSION: Exposure to cigarette smoke may alter the mechanical and optical properties of aesthetic orthodontic wires.
Assuntos
Estética , Fricção/efeitos dos fármacos , Fios Ortodônticos , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Cerâmica , Cor , Ligas Dentárias , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Estética Dentária , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Teste de Materiais , Desenho de Aparelho Ortodôntico , Braquetes Ortodônticos , Saliva Artificial , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two bleaching treatment protocols to treat dental staining after orthodontic debonding. Materials and Methods: Twenty four bovine teeth were submitted to orthodontic bracket (Morelli, Edgewise Prescription, Slot 22) bonding (Transbond XT, 3M) and debonding, which were divided into three groups according to the bleaching protocol: hydrogen peroxide 10% (Whiteness, FGM) simulating home bleaching protocol (Home Bleaching Group), hydrogen peroxide 35% Whiteness, FGM) simulating dental office bleaching protocol (Office Bleaching Group) and Control Group, which was not exposed to any dental bleaching protocol, and stored in distilled water at 37°C. The specimens were submitted to the following processes: aging of resin remaining tegs by ultraviolet (UV), staining with coffee solution and tooth bleaching with 10% hydrogen peroxide (G1) and 35% hydrogen peroxide (G2). The color stability analysis (CIE color space L* a* b* was performed with Vita Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer before bonding (T0), after aging and staining processes (T1) and after bleaching treatment (T2). All teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C between experimental times. The comparison between the groups and time effect evaluation were performed using ANOVA / Tukey ( =0.05) and ANOVA-MR with Bonferroni correction ( =0.016), respectively. Results: The color stability parameters L *, a * and b * indicated, with the exception of GC, a tendency of increase in T1 (G1 - L *: 76.72 ± 13.39; a *: 6.68 ± 3.71; b *: 43.14 ± 4.04 / G2: - L *: 75.78 ± 4.66; a *: 8.13 ± 2.75; b *: 43.42 ± 8.87), which reflected the tendency to decrease brightness in T1, followed by a tendency to return to T0 values (G1 - L *: 82.92 ± 12.16; a *: 4.25 ± 3.68; b *: 39.40 ± 9.49 / G2: - L *: 83.76 ± 8.02; a *: 8.76 ± 4.08; b *: 47.90 ± 5.88). Significant differences were observed in G2 in a * (T1: 8.13 ± 2.75, T2: 8.76 ± 4.08) and b * (T1: 43.42 ± 8.87; T2: 47.90 ± 5.88), indicating that this group did not return to the values presented in T0 (a *: 1.81 ± 1.70; b *: 35.40 ± 5.08) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that home bleaching protocol presented better performance for dental surface whitening in an eventual staining after orthodontic debonding.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia de dois protocolos de tratamento clareador para manchas dentárias causadas após a descolagem ortodôntica. Materiais e Métodos: Vinte e quatro dentes bovinos foram submetidos à colagem e descolagem de braquetes ortodônticos (Morelli, Prescrição Edgewise, Slot 22") (Transbond XT, 3M), que foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com o protocolo de clareamento: peróxido de hidrogênio 10% (Whiteness, FGM) simulando protocolo de clareamento caseiro (grupo clareamento caseiro), peróxido de hidrogênio 35% Whiteness, FGM) simulando protocolo de clareamento de consultório (grupo clareamento de consultório) e Grupo Controle, que não foi exposto a nenhum protocolo de clareamento dental, armazenado em água destilada a 37ºC. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos aos seguintes processos: envelhecimento das resinas remanescentes por ultravioleta (UV), manchamento em solução de café e clareamento dental com peróxido de hidrogênio 10% (G1) e peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (G2). A análise de estabilidade de cor (sistema CIE L* a* b*) foi realizada com espectrofotômetro Vita Easyshade Compact antes da colagem (T0), após os processos de envelhecimento e manchamento (T1) e após o tratamento clareador (T2). Todos os dentes foram armazenados em água destilada a 37 °C entre os tempos experimentais. A comparação entre os grupos e a avaliação do efeito do tempo foram realizadas utilizando ANOVA/Tukey ( =0,05) e ANOVA-MR com correção de Bonferroni ( =0,016), respectivamente. Resultados: Os parâmetros de estabilidade de cor L *, a* e b* indicaram, com exceção do GC, tendência de aumento em T1 (G1 - L*: 76,72 ± 13,39; a*: 6,68 ± 3,71; b*: 43,14 ± 4,04 / G2: - L* : 75,78 ± 4,66; a*: 8,13 ± 2,75; b*: 43,42 ± 8,87), o que refletiu a tendência de diminuição do brilho em T1, seguido de uma tendência de retorno aos valores de T0 (G1- L*: 82,92 ± 12,16 ; a*: 4,25 ± 3,68; b*: 39,40 ± 9,49 / G2: - L*: 83,76 ± 8,02; a*: 8,76 ± 4,08; b*: 47,90 ± 5,88). Foram observadas diferenças significativas no G2 em a* (T1: 8,13 ± 2,75, T2: 8,76 ± 4,08) e b* (T1: 43,42 ± 8,87; T2: 47,90 ± 5,88), indicando que esse grupo não retornou aos valores apresentados em T0 (a*: 1,81 ± 1,70; b*: 35,40 ± 5,08) (p<0,05). Conclusão: Com base nos resultados deste estudo, pode-se concluir que o protocolo de clareamento caseiro apresentou melhor desempenho para o clareamento da superfície dentária em um eventual manchamento após a descolagem ortodôntica.
Assuntos
Clareamento Dental , Descolagem Dentária , Clareadores Dentários , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: Assess the influence of mono- and bicortical anchorage and diameter of mini-implants (MIs) on the primary stability of these devices. Methods: 60 self-drilling MIs were distributed in six groups according to diameter (1.5mm, 1.8mm or 2.0mm) and type of anchorage (monocortical and bicortical) in bovine rib. The primary stability was evaluated by insertion torque, micromobility and pull-out strength tests. ANOVA and/or Tukey analysis were used to conduct intergroup comparisons (p< 0.05). Non-parametric statistics (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney) were performed when normality was not found (p< 0.05). Results: MIs with larger diameters and bicortical anchorage showed greater primary stability regarding insertion torque (p< 0.05) and micromobility (p< 0.05). Only MI diameter had an effect on the pull-out strength test. Larger diameter MIs presented better retention in pull-out strength tests (p< 0.001), regardless of mono- or bicortical anchorage. Conclusions: MI primary stability is dependent on its diameter and type of anchorage. Bicortical anchorage showed greater stability when compared with monocortical anchorage, independently of other variables.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da ancoragem mono e bicortical e do diâmetro dos mini-implantes (MIs) na estabilidade primária desses dispositivos. Métodos: 60 MIs autoperfurantes foram distribuídos em seis grupos, de acordo com o diâmetro (1,5 mm, 1,8 mm ou 2,0 mm) e tipo de ancoragem (monocortical e bicortical), e inseridos em costela bovina. A estabilidade primária foi avaliada pelos testes de torque de inserção, micromobilidade e resistência à tração. ANOVA e/ou análise de Tukey foram usadas para realizar comparações intergrupos (p< 0,05). Estatística não paramétrica (Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney) foi realizada quando a normalidade não foi encontrada (p< 0,05). Resultados: MIs com diâmetros maiores e ancorados bicorticalmente apresentaram maior estabilidade primária em relação ao torque de inserção (p< 0,05) e micromobilidade (p< 0,05). Apenas o diâmetro do MI influenciou os resultados do teste de resistência à tração. MIs de maior diâmetro apresentaram melhor retenção nos testes de resistência à tração (p< 0,001), independentemente da ancoragem mono ou bicortical. Conclusões: a estabilidade primária do MI é dependente de seu diâmetro e tipo de ancoragem. A ancoragem bicortical apresentou maior estabilidade quando comparada à ancoragem monocortical, independentemente das demais variáveis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Bovinos , Implantes Dentários , Procedimentos de Ancoragem Ortodôntica , Palato , Técnica de Expansão Palatina , TorqueRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of African-Brazilians young adults with excellent dental occlusion, including bimaxillary protrusion; compare them to European-American Caucasian standards, and determine whether there is sexual dimorphism in the display of this phenotype. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from 43 African-Brazilians within military personnel (28 males and 15 females, average age 22.4 ± 3.4 years) with normal occlusion, selected from a group of 394 volunteers. Thirty-one angular and linear measurements were evaluated. Student's t-test for independent samples was used to compare results with those established by European-American standards, previously described in the literature. Results: Considering the dentoalveolar pattern, seven angular and six linear measurements showed statistically significant differences (p< 0.001) when compared to Caucasian cephalometric standards. African-Brazilians' subjects showed lower cranial base angle (SNAr = 119.87 ± 5.66º) and anterior cranial base length (SN-distance = 68.63 ± 4.50 mm) (p< 0.001). The maxilla (SNA = 88.51 ± 3.23º) and the mandible (SNB = 85.06 ± 3.24º) were protruded in relation to the SN line (p< 0.001). Sexual dimorphism was significant for L1.NB (degrees) (p< 0.01), and interincisal angle (U1.L1) (p< 0.05). Conclusion: African-Brazilian young adults presented differences regarding dental and craniofacial characteristics, when compared to European-American norms. It can be stated that Caucasian cephalometric norms should not be applied to African-Brazilian faces.
RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar características de jovens adultos afro-brasileiros com oclusão excelente, incluindo protrusão bimaxilar, e compará-los com os padrões caucasianos europeu-americanos, para determinar se há dimorfismo sexual na exibição desse fenótipo. Métodos: Radiografias cefalométricas laterais foram obtidas de 43 afro-brasileiros militares (28 homens e 15 mulheres, idade média de 22,4 ± 3,4 anos) com oclusão normal, selecionados de um grupo de 394 voluntários. Foram avaliadas 31 medidas angulares e lineares. O teste t de Student para amostras independentes foi utilizado para comparar os resultados com os estabelecidos pelos padrões caucasianos europeu-americanos, descrito previamente na literatura. Resultados: Considerando o padrão dentoalveolar, sete medidas angulares e seis lineares apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p< 0,001) quando comparadas aos padrões cefalométricos caucasianos. Sujeitos afro-brasileiros apresentaram menor ângulo da base do crânio (SNAr = 119,87 ± 5,66º) e comprimento da base craniana anterior (distância SN = 68,63 ± 4,50 mm) (p< 0,001). A maxila (SNA = 88,51 ± 3,23º) e a mandíbula (SNB = 85,06 ± 3,24º) estavam protruídas em relação à linha SN (p< 0,001). O dimorfismo de sexo foi significativo para L1.NB (graus) (p< 0,01) e ângulo interincisal (U1.L1) (p< 0,05). Conclusão: Jovens adultos afro-brasileiros apresentaram diferenças em relação às características dentárias e craniofaciais, quando comparados às normas europeias-americanas. Pode-se afirmar que as normas cefalométricas caucasianas não devem ser aplicadas às faces de indivíduos afro-brasileiros.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Maxila/diagnóstico por imagem , Brasil , Cefalometria , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
This case report describes an interceptive treatment of anterior open bite (AOB) with fixed palatine grid using clinical, cephalometric, electromyographic and speech analysis data. Case report: An 8-year-old girl, Angle Class I malocclusion presenting AOB. The complete orthodontic documentation was obtained and the perioral muscles were evaluated using the electromyography during blowing, sucking and smiling activities, before and after treatment. Speech acoustic evaluation was performed through the frequencies of the formants to assess the position of the tongue. Results: The AOB was corrected in six months with reduction of vertical transpass, decrease of cephalometric Angles 1: NA and 1: NB and increase of interincisal angle. During the smile movement, it was possible to observe the decrease of the muscular activity of the superior orbicularis muscle and the increase of the muscular activity of the inferior orbicularis. In the blow movement, there was a tendency to decrease muscle activity. Opposite directions were observed at the time of installation of the grid in the frequencies of the formants. When the grid was removed, the tongue was lowered and posteriorized in relation to the installation time. When compared the final and initial moments, it was noted a predominance of tongue lower position, besides posteriorization in some vowels and anteriorization in others. Conclusion: After the use of the fixed palatine crib as an interceptive treatment for AOB, the bite was closed and it was possible to observe an harmony in the patient profile and improvement in periorbital musculature and tongue positioning.
Objetivo: Este relato de caso descreve um tratamento interceptivo da mordida aberta anterior (MAA) com grade palatina fixa usando dados clínicos, cefalométricos, eletromiográficos e de fala. Relato do caso: Menina de 8 anos de idade apresentando maloclusão Classe I de Angle e MAA. A documentação ortodôntica completa foi obtida e os músculos periorais foram avaliados pela eletromiografia durante as atividades de sopro, sucção e sorriso, antes e após o tratamento. A avaliação acústica da fala foi realizada através das frequências dos formantes para avaliar a posição da língua. Resultados: O MAA foi corrigida em seis meses com redução do transpasse vertical, diminuição dos ângulos cefalométricos 1: NA e 1: NB e aumento do ângulo interincisivo. Durante o movimento do sorriso, foi possível observar a diminuição da atividade muscular do músculo orbicular superior e o aumento da atividade muscular do orbicular inferior. No movimento do sopro, houve uma tendência a diminuir a atividade muscular. Direções opostas foram observadas no momento da instalação da grade nas frequências dos formantes. Quando a grade foi removida, a língua foi abaixada e posteriorizada em relação ao tempo de instalação inicial do aparelho. Quando comparados os momentos final e inicial, observou-se predomínio da posição inferior da língua, além de posteriorização em algumas vogais e anteriorização em outras. Conclusão: Após o uso da grade palatina fixa como tratamento interceptivo para a MAA, a mordida foi fechada e foi possível observar harmonia no perfil da paciente e melhora da musculatura periorbital e posicionamento da língua.
Assuntos
Mordida Aberta , Doenças Dentárias , Doenças Estomatognáticas , Criança , Má Oclusão Classe I de AngleRESUMO
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of dental enamel exposed to cigarette smoke after orthodontic debonding. Methods: Thirty-two bovine incisors were allocated into control (C1 and C2) and experimental groups (n=8) according to distinct bonding protocols: with adhesive (B1) and without adhesive (B2) and exposure to cigarette smoke. Samples from B1, B2 and C2 were exposed to ten cycles of smoke in a specific and hermetic chamber while the C1 remained stored in artificial saliva. Color analysis was performed with a spectrophotometer according to the L*a*b* system. Intergroup comparisons and effect of time were estimated with ANOVA/Tukey and paired Student t tests, respectively (a=0.05). Results: Statistically significant color changes have not been observed in C1 (L*: -0.69 ± 0.80; a*: 0.36 ± 0.23; b*: 0.17 ± 0.50) and without adhesive (B2) (L*: -3.74 ± 2.85; a*: 0.93 ± 0,73; b*: 1.13 ± 1.16) through the study time (p>0,05). However, the group with adhesive (B1) presented significant color changes in L*:-5.55 ± 2.28, a*: 2.33 ± 0.77 and b*: 3.30 ± 1.37, what means, darker, greener and more yellow, respectively (p<0,05) and the control group that was exposed to the cigarette smoke (C2) presented significant color changes in L*: -1.72 ± 0.28 e b*: 1.82 ± 0.22, what means, darker and more yellow, respectively. Conclusion: Enamel color stability was affected by exposure to cigarette smoke after orthodontic debonding, especially when bonding protocolcomprised the application of primer adhesive.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estabilidade da cor do esmalte dentário exposto à fumaça de cigarro após a descolagem ortodôntica. Métodos: Trinta e dois incisivos bovinos foram alocados nos grupos controle (C1 and C2) e experimental (n = 8) de acordo com protocolos de colagem ortodôntica distintos: com adesivo (B1) e sem adesivo (B2) e expostos à fumaça de cigarro. Amostras do B1, B2 e C2 foram expostas a dez ciclos de fumaça em uma câmara específica e hermética, enquanto o C1 permaneceu armazenado em saliva artificial. A análise da estabilidade de cor foi realizada com um espectrofotômetro de acordo com osistema L* a* b*. As comparações intergrupos e o efeito do tempo foram verificados com ANOVA / Tukey e testes t de Student, respectivamente (a=0,05). Resultados: Não foram observadas alterações de cor estatisticamente significativas no C1 (L*: -0,69 ± 0,80; a*: 0,36 ± 0,23; b*: 0,17 ± 0.50) e sem adesivo (B2) (L*: -3,74 ± 2,85; a*: 0,93 ± 0,73; b *: 1,13 ± 1,16) durante o tempo de estudo (p>0,05). No entanto, o grupo com adesivo (B1) apresentou alterações significativas de cor em L*: - 5,55 ± 2,28, a*: 2,33 ± 0,77 eb*: 3,30 ± 1,37, o que significa, mais escuro, mais verde e mais amarelo, respectivamente (p<0,05) e o grupo controle exposto à fumaça de cigarro (C2) apresentou alterações significativas de cor em L*: -1,72 ± 0,28 e b*: 1, 82 ± 0,22, o que significa, mais escuro e mais amarelo, respectivamente. Conclusão: A estabilidade da cor do esmalte foi afetada pela exposição à fumaça de cigarro após a descolagem ortodôntica, principalmente quando o protocolo de colagem incluía a aplicação de adesivo.
Assuntos
Ortodontia , Fumaça , Descolagem Dentária , Cor , Esmalte Dentário , Produtos do TabacoRESUMO
The aim of this pilot study was to determine cephalometric profile norms for a sample of African-Brazilian young adults with excellent occlusion and compare them to Caucasian standards. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 43 individuals of both genders (28 male and 15 female), with average age of 22.40 ± 3.40 years, were used to evaluate 13 variables proposed by the Legan-Burstone analysis. Student´s independent t-test was used to compare resulting values with those set by European-American standards. Results: Significant differences were found (p < 0.001) between African-Brazilians and Caucasians as for: maxillary and mandibular prognathism, vertical height ratio, lower face-throat angle, lower vertical height-depth ratio, nasolabial angle, upper and lower lip protrusion, mentolabial sulcus and vertical lip-chin ratio. Facial convexity angle, maxillary incisor exposure and interlabial gap did not present statistical differences when ethnic groups were compared. Males displayed increased lower face-throat angles and vertical lip-chin ratios (p <0.05) while females presented increased maxillary incisor exposures (p <0.05). Conclusion: Caucasian cephalometric norms do not apply to African-Brazilian young adults. Therefore, morphological differences in the faces of such individuals should be taken into account during diagnosis and orthodontic treatment planning stages.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo piloto foi determinar as normas do perfil cefalométrico para uma amostra de jovens adultos afro-brasileiros com oclusão excelente e, compará-las com os padrões caucasianos. Métodos: Cefalogramas laterais de 43 indivíduos de ambos os sexos (28 homens e 15 mulheres), com idade média de 22,40 ± 3,40 anos, foram utilizados para avaliar 13 variáveis propostas pela análise de Legan-Burstone. O teste t independente de Student foi utilizado para comparar os valores resultantes com os estabelecidos pelos padrões euroamericanos. Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p <0,001) entre afro-brasileiros e caucasianos quanto a: prognatismo maxilar e mandibular, razão vertical da altura, menor ângulo face-pescoço, menor razão vertical altura profundidade, ângulo nasolabial, protrusão labial superior e inferior, sulco mentolabial e razão vertical lábio-mento. O ângulo de convexidade facial, a exposição dos incisivos superiores e o gap interlabial não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas quando comparados os grupos étnicos. Os homens apresentaram maiores ângulos face-pescoço e razões verticais lábio-queixo (p<0,05), enquanto as mulheres apresentaram maior exposição dos incisivos superiores (p <0,05). Conclusão: As normas cefalométricas caucasianas não se aplicam a jovens adultos afro-brasileiros. Portanto, diferenças morfológicas nas faces desses indivíduos devem ser levadas em consideração durante as etapas de diagnóstico e planejamento do tratamento ortodôntico.