CFTR, MDR1, and MRP1 immunolocalization in normal human nasal respiratory mucosa.

CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), MDR1 (multidrug resistance), and MRP1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein), members of the ABC transporter superfamily, possess multiple functions, particularly Cl(-), anion, and glutathione conjugate transport and cell detoxification. They are also hypothesized to have a number of complementary functions. It is generally accepted that data obtained from nasal mucosa can be extrapolated to lower airway cell physiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate by immunohistochemistry the differential localization of CFTR, MDR1, and MRP1 in the normal mucosa of 10 human nasal turbinates. In ciliated epithelial cells, CFTR was inconstantly expressed at the apical cell surface, intense membranous labeling was observed for MDR1, and intense cytoplasmic labeling was observed for MRP1. In the glands, a higher level of expression was observed on serous cells, at the apical surface (for CFTR), on lateral membranes (for MDR1), and with an intracytoplasmic distribution (for MRP1). In conclusion, CFTR, MDR1 and MRP1 are expressed in the epithelium and glands of the nasal respiratory mucosa, but with different patterns of expression. These results suggest major roles for CFTR, MDR1, and MRP1 in serous glandular cells and a protective function for MDR1 and MRP1 in respiratory ciliated cells. (J Histochem Cytochem 48:1215-1222, 2000)

Macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate efficiency in mastoid cavity obliteration: experimental and clinical findings.

Following our previous experimental studies on the performance of macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) in canine mastoid cavities, we used this material in patients requiring surgical intervention. Twenty-two cases were selected, and in eight specific cases a biopsy specimen was taken. Histologic, ultrastructural, and microanalysis studies were performed. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of MBCP implants as bone graft substitutes for mastoid cavity obliteration. Clinical evaluation of the series and histologic and ultrastructural results demonstrated the bioactivity and osteo-conduction of this material, with partial transformation of MBCP granules into lamellar bone after several months.

[Opaque meato-cisternography in study of atypical or incomplete syndromes of cerebellopontile angle (value for diagnosis and early treatment of neurilemmoma of the 8)]. / La méato-cisternographie opaque dans l'étude des syndromes atypiques ou incomplets de l'angle ponto-cérébelleux (son intérêt pour le diagnostic et le traitement précoce des Neurinomes du 8).

It is well-known today that there is a cisternal "no man's land" between the petrous bone and the cerebral trunk in which a tumour can develop insidiously. The clinical signs are very variable and often in contradiction with those described for larger tumours. Tomodensimetry is indicated, but it is not conclusive if the mass is limited to the internal auditory canal or if it extends into the angle for less than 15 mm. Opaque meato-cisternography alone, gives the following information: 1. When a pseudo-tumoural syndrome is present, the auditory canal and cisterna are well opacified. 2. If there is a tumour which extends for more than 20 mm into the cisterna, the oil has a rounded, interrupted contour, and other radiological examinations are useful in this case. 3. When the tumour extends for less than 20 mm into the angle a rounded continuous contour is seen, and Hirtz's axial incidence can be used to measure the tumour diameter. 4. Finally, when temporary opacification faults have been eliminated (after retilting), opaque meato-cisternography is the only examination able to demonstrate the early stages of a tumour, in the intra-canal stage. This early diagnostic procedure has enabled one of us to excise tumours of moderate of even very small volume, under the best surgical conditions, and with functional and vital results which we would not have obtained at a later date.

[The brain of Paul Broca (1824-1880). Correlation of pathological and computed tomography findings (author's transl)]. / Le cerveau de Paul Broca (1824-1880). Confrontation anatomo-pathologique et tomo-densitométrique.

This historical study briefly recalls the circumstances of Broca's death, and reports some new data concerning his autopsy, and an analysis of macroscopic, microscopic, and computed tomography appearances of his brain following its discovery by Huard. The authenticity of the origin of the brain was established, and the hypothesis the Broca's death was due to rupture of a vascular malformation or a cerebrovascular accident was confirmed.

[Tomodensitometry and/or meato-isternography in the diagnosis of small acoustic neuromas (author's transl)]. / Tomodensitométrie et/ou méatocisternographie lipiodolée pour le diagnostic des petits neurinomes de l'acoustique.

Tomodensitometry allowed us to discover smaller and smaller tumors in the cistern and even in the internal auditory canal. We report 5 cases, amongst others, where the tumor is visible in the canal and we show the conditions which are necessary to make the diagnosis. Nevertheless, lipiode meatocisternography is well tolerated if we use between 0.6 and 1.5 ml of oil, and often necessary to confirm the diagnosis of a neuroma. We first use tomodensitometry when the symptoms could be due to a neuroma or another tumor. When the syndrome is characteristic, limited to the contents of the internal auditory canal, we often do the meatocisternography straight away, because in a single examination we know that there is or is not a tumor. We can also check the same time the opposite side.

[Surgery of acoustic tumors by the retro-sigmoid route. A personal technique. Results on audition and the facial nerve (61 cases) (author's transl)]. / Chirurgie des tumeurs de l'acoustique par voie rétro-sigmoïde. Technique personnelle. Résultats sur l'audition et le facial (61 cas).

In the surgery of acoustic tumors it is possible to preserve audition and, indeed, imperative, if the neuroma is bilateral. In this work, we describe our technique by the retro-sigmoid route which allowed us to preserve hearing in 36% of cases and facial motor movements in 82% of cases (61 operations).

[Mondini's syndrome. Recurrent meningitis. Surgical cure (author's transl)]. / Syndrome de Mondini. Méningites récidivantes. Cure chirurgicale.

The authors report 3 cases of meningitis in children. In every case of meningitis, and furthermore in recurrent in cases of meningitis, it is essential to examine not only the eardrum but also hearing and, when there is a deafness, tomographic shots should be taken of the labyrinth to look for a malformation of the internal auditory canal or the cochlea so as to detect the portal of entry for the infection and to be able to close it surgically.

[The origin of acoustic neurionoma. An ultrastructural study of operated neurinoma incipiens (author's transl)]. / Le point de départ du neurinome de l'acoustique. Etude ultra-structurale de neurinomes incipiens opérés.

The origin of eighth nerve neurinoma has been studied by several authors with the light microscope, particularly on serial sections of decalcified temporal bone. The microsurgical approach of small neurinomas has led the present authors to an ultrastructural study of this problem. In the cases in which the origin could be seen, the tumor appeared to arise from the ganglion vestibulare (Scarpae). This fact is correlated with the neural crest origin of the ganglion, and with its ultrastructural characteristics in the normal human.

[Surgery of acoustic neuroma and other tumors of the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontile angle. Apropos of 602 cases]. / Chirurgie du neurinome de l'acoustique et autres tumeurs du conduit auditif interne et de l'angle ponto-cérébelleux. A propos de 602 cas.

During the last two decades, 602 tumors of the internal auditory canal and of the cerebello-pontine angle were operated on, using the trans-temporal approaches. Among these tumors, 548 were unilateral acoustic neuromas, that were removed by the trans-labyrinthine approach (57%), the retro-labyrinthine-retro-sigmoid approach (33%) and the middle fossa approach (M.F.) (6%). Five fatalities occurred (1%). The facial nerve was preserved in 94% with an immediate normal function in 58%. The auditory function was preserved in 23% (51 cases).

[Meningitis in otologic surgery of acoustic neurinoma]. / Méningites dans la chirurgie otologique des neurinomes de l'acoustique.

Bacterial meningitis following operation for ablation of acoustic neurinoma is a rare but always possible complication. Of 350 cases of neurinoma operated upon between 1965 and 1982, this postoperative lesion was reported in eleven patients (3.4 p. 100). Recovery occurred in all cases without sequelae. Mode of onset, symptoms and signs, curative therapy and preventive factors are discussed.

[Total or partial ablation in surgery of acoustic neuroma]. / Ablations totales ou partielles dans la chirurgie du neurinome de l'acoustique.

The authors present the indications of partial or subtotal versus total removal of acoustic tumors and the removal prognosis of recurrence with methods of post surgical control.

[Translabyrinthine ablation of voluminous acoustic neuromas]. / Ablation par voie trans-labyrinthique des volumineux neurinomes de l'acoustique.

Description of the technique, the cases, the results. Discussion of the advantages of the T.L. approach versus the sub-occipital approach.

[Are auditory prostheses a contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging?]. / Les prothèses auditives sont-elles une contre-indication à l'I.R.M.?

Prior to the use of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) in patients with metallic ossicular prostheses their compatibility must be investigated with the intense magnetic fields generated by NMRI. Implanted auditory prostheses are an absolute contraindication to NMRI, but an experimental study of its possible interaction with metallic stapedial prostheses has shown absence of their displacement. The artefact induced may alter images of middle ear but do not affect internal auditory canal. Nevertheless, manufacturers should conduct tests of magnetism of prostheses before they are passed as satisfactory.

[Current status of petrositis]. / Les pétrosites actuelles.

Actual symptomatology of petrositis is often poor; Gradenigo's syndromes are rare. Petrositis can occur as large cystic cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex. Their C.T. scan, surgical and pathological aspects are different from cholesteatoma of the apex.