Food intake, plasma copeptin and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods has been linked to both mortality and cardiovascular risk. Copeptin levels may serve as potential risk markers for cardiovascular death and events. This cross-sectional analysis seeks to assess the potential correlation between the intake of ultra-processed foods and copeptin levels in outpatients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, based on estimates of cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Outpatients underwent clinical and nutritional assessments. Dietary information was gathered using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the consumption of all foods, beverages, and food products was assessed according to the NOVA food classification system. Fasting plasma-EDTA samples were collected and preserved at -80 °C. Plasma copeptin measurements were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the competition principle. Participants were categorized into two groups: high risk and very high risk, based on cardiovascular risk calculated by the HEARTS calculator. A total of 190 participants were included in the evaluation, with an average age of 60 ± 9 years, glycated hemoglobin of 8.4 ± 1.4%, and a diabetes duration of 11 (5-19) years. Patients at a very high cardiovascular risk exhibited higher plasma copeptin levels compared to those at high cardiovascular risk. Notably, 92.1% of patients reported consuming more than 10% of total energy intake from ultra-processed foods, although this proportion did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This patient sample reported elevated consumption of ultra-processed foods; nevertheless, the correlation between ultra-processed foods and plasma copeptin has not been substantiated.

Post COVID-19 Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Optic Neuritis.

Neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are relatively common. Although some may be consequences of direct cellular viral invasion (neurotropism), many represent post-infectious inflammation mediated by autoimmune mechanisms. We herein report the case of a 69-year-old diabetic male who presented with bilateral sub-acute, progressive loss of vision 45 days after suffering a presumed SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia. He had bilateral optic disc oedema. Magnetic resonance imaging showed uniform contrast enhancement of both optic nerves without spinal cord involvement. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) IgG antibodies. He was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone for 5 days. The optic disc oedema resolved within 6 weeks with improvement in visual acuity, although optic atrophy developed by week 16. The MOG-IgG antibody test turned negative after 24 weeks.

Antitrypanosomal Acetylene Fatty Acid Derivatives from the Seeds of Porcelia macrocarpa (Annonaceae).

Chagas' disease is caused by a parasitic protozoan and affects the poorest population in the world, causing high mortality and morbidity. As a result of the toxicity and long duration of current treatments, the discovery of novel and more efficacious drugs is crucial. In this work, the hexane extract from seeds of Porcelia macrocarpa R.E. Fries (Annonaceae) displayed in vitro antitrypanosomal activity against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi by the colorimetric MTT assay (IC50 of 65.44 µg/mL). Using chromatographic fractionation over SiO2, this extract afforded a fraction composed by one active compound (IC50 of 10.70 µg/mL), which was chemically characterized as 12,14-octadecadiynoic acid (macrocarpic acid). Additionally, two new inactive acetylene compounds (α,α'-dimacro-carpoyl-ß-oleylglycerol and α-macrocarpoyl-α'-oleylglycerol) were also isolated from the hexane extract. The complete characterization of the isolated compounds was performed by analysis of NMR and MS data as well as preparation of derivatives.

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Young Patients With Breast Cancer in Brazil: A Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: Understanding the epidemiological profile of young patients with breast cancer (BC) is crucial for devising effective control strategies. However, data on Brazilian patients with BC, particularly concerning the association with pathogenic germline mutations, are limited. This retrospective cross-sectional study seeks to shed light on the epidemiological and genetic profiles of young patients with BC in Brazil, with a specific focus on the correlation between germline mutations and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed medical records from two institutions in Minas Gerais, Brazil, focusing on young patients with BC diagnosed from January 2012 to December 2020. The collected variables included sociodemographic profile, tumor characteristics, mutational status, follow-up duration, and time from diagnosis to death. RESULTS: The findings highlight high rates of genetic mutations, more aggressive tumor characteristics, and the necessity for more radical surgical interventions in patients with mutations. CONCLUSION: In general, young patients with BC in Brazil present an unfavorable prognosis, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.

Anti-leishmanial and anti-trypanosomal potential of polygodial isolated from stem barks of Drimys brasiliensis Miers (Winteraceae).

Parasitic protozoan diseases affect the poorest population in developing countries. Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease have been included among the most important threats for public health in Central and South American continent, with few therapeutic alternatives and highly toxic drugs. In the course of selection of novel drug candidates, we studied the anti-protozoal potential of Drimys brasiliensis. Thus, the crude hexane extract from stem bark as well as its main derivative, the sesquiterpene polygodial, were tested using in vitro assays. The crude hexane extract and polygodial showed activity against Leishmania spp. in the range between 22 and 62 µg/mL, but polygodial demonstrated high parasite selectivity towards Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes (2 µg/mL), with a selectivity index of 19. Finally, polygodial showed a leishmanicidal effect, inducing intense ultrastructural damages in Leishmania in short-time incubation. The obtained results suggested that polygodial could be used as a tool for drug design studies against protozoan diseases and as a candidate molecule for further in vivo studies against T. cruzi.

Localized Bilateral Superior and Inferior Orbital Neurofibroma in the Absence of Neurofibromatosis.

Localized or isolated neurofibromas are peripheral nerve sheath tumors. They are rare in the orbit and occur without a systemic neurofibromatosis. There are few cases of bilateral tumors reported but none affecting both supraorbital and infraorbital nerves. We report a 45-year-old female who presented an extraconal mass in the right orbit as an incidental finding in a head computer tomography, without ocular symptoms. Magnetic resonance image showed a well-defined oval mass in the right supraorbital and infraorbital nerves, of similar characteristics, as well as smaller masses in the left supraorbital and infraorbital nerves. A progressive increase in size of the left supraorbital and infraorbital tumor motivated their surgical excision. The histological result was compatible with a neurofibroma. These uncommon orbital tumors are slow growing and affect the sensory nerves of the trigeminal nerve. Neurofibromas usually present progressive symptoms due to the orbital mass, proptosis, or visual changes although not in this case. Surgical removal is the only definitive treatment.

Dimensional changes between free gingival grafts fixed with ethyl cyanoacrylate and silk sutures.

This study evaluated the dimensional changes in free gingival grafts fixed with ethyl cyanoacrylate or sutures. Twenty-four subjects with gingival recession and absence of keratinized mucosa were divided into two groups: free gingival grafts fixed with ethyl-cyanoacrylate (Group 1) and fixed with sutures (Group 2). Probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, and dimensional changes of height and width were evaluated immediately post-operatively and at 15, 30, 45, and 90 days after surgery. Results demonstrated that dimensional changes related to the area of gingival graft were similar for both groups. The thickness of the gingival graft tissue influenced the dimensional changes in the height of the grafts in the recipient bed (p < 0.047). Gingival grafts, thinner than 1 mm, showed a greater average height at the end of the study and with no significant changes regarding the total area of the graft. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the modality of gingival graft fixation did not present any significant influence over the clinical parameters evaluated. In addition, the use of ethyl cyanoacrylate did not alter the graft healing process, suggesting a possible alternative for free gingival graft fixation.

Effect of Induction Chemotherapy on Swallowing in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Objective: To evaluate the effect of induction chemotherapy on swallowing and swallowing-related quality of life of patients with oropharyngeal, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Study design: Prospective study of 33 patients with locally advanced tumors who were eligible for treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy. A multidimensional assessment of swallowing was performed using the following tools: (1) Clinical analysis, numerical scale for general pain and painful swallowing, American Speech and Hearing Association (ASHA) Functional Communication Measures (FCM) swallowing assessment scales, (2) assessment of Swallowing-Related Quality of Life (The MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory - MDADI), and (3) swallowing videofluoroscopy. Results: There was a reduction in general pain scale (p=0.021), and quality of life (emotional, functional and physical) improved from average limitation (score of 61-80) to minimal limitation (81-100) after induction chemotherapy. According to the swallowing videofluoroscopy results, 26 (78.7%) of the patients had some degree of dysphagia pre-treatment, which decreased to 21 (63.6%) after induction. Conclusion: Our results suggest that induction chemotherapy improves numerous aspects of swallowing and has a positive impact on the quality of life of pre-chemoradiotherapy patients.

Study of Dysphagia in Patients with Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer Subjected to an Organ Preservation Protocol Based on Concomitant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy

Introduction: Organ preservation protocol (based on chemo-radiotherapy) for oropharyngeal tumors include dysphagia as a possible sequel leading to function impairment and changes in patient's quality of life. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess dysphagia severity after treatment in advanced oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with concurrent chemo-radiation. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 64 participants who had been disease free for at least six months after primary treatment. Dysphagia severity was assessed by fibre-optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS); the occurrence of penetration/aspiration during swallowing was also investigated. All participants also completed the M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). The correlation of FEES results with clinical-demographic variables and MDADI scores was assessed. Descriptive analysis was performed, and qualitative variables were compared using either the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Results: FEES revealed silent aspiration in 18.8% of the patients. Approximately 6.3% of the patients exhibited severe dysphagia (scores 1-2 in DOSS). Dysphagia severity was significantly associated with the MDADI physical domain scores. The participants with scores 5-7 in DOSS (no or mild dysphagia) exhibited less limitations in the MDADI physical domain (p=0.015). Conclusions: Silent aspiration was detected in one of every five patients treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy; almost half of the patients exhibit at least moderate dysphagia. Assessment of the participant's quality of life via the MDADI revealed an association between the physical domain scores and dysphagia severity

Association of nutritional support programs with zinc deficiency in Colombian children: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a key role in the immune, gastrointestinal, respiratory and nervous systems. In Colombia, a vast percentage of children live in low-income households with food insecurity and nutritional deficiencies, including zinc. In an effort to improve children's well-being, public health measures such as nutritional support programs that provide meals have targeted the poorest populations. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of nutritional support programs on zinc deficiency in Colombian children, while considering their wealth and food security. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from the 2010 Colombian National Nutrition Survey, a population-based study representative of Colombia. A total of 4275 children between 12 and 59 months of age were included in the study. Stepwise logistic regressions were modelled with SPSS, first for zinc deficiency on wealth and food security, then adding enrolment in a nutritional support program, and finally, adjusting for socio-demographic variables. RESULTS: A zinc deficiency prevalence of 49% was found. The adjusted models showed an association of wealth quintiles: very poor (OR = 1.48) and poor (OR = 1.39), food security (OR = 0.75) and enrolment in a nutritional support program (OR = 0.76) with zinc deficiency. Enrolment in nutritional programs did not modify the relationship of wealth and food security to zinc deficiency. CONCLUSION: Zinc deficiency is associated with wealth, food security and enrolment in nutritional support programs. Nutritional programs may be a good alternative against zinc deficiency, if they focus appropriately on the needs of children according to their wealth and food security.

Neurectomía selectiva del nervio facial en el tratamiento de la hipercinesia contralateral en parálisis facial / Selective neurectomy of the facial nerve in the treatment of contralateral hyperkinesia in facial paralysis

Introducción y objetivo: En el abordaje clínico de la parálisis facial periférica existen opciones terapéuticas enfocadas a restaurar la función motora facial, como son las cirugías estáticas y dinámicas; sin embargo, la asimetría facial es un problema persistente. La neurectomía selectiva del nervio facial (NSNF) es una cirugía utilizada recientemente para el manejo de las sincinesias e hipercinesias producidas como secuela en parálisis facial. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los resultados en la mejoría de la asimetría facial de nuestros pacientes sometidos a NSNF para el tratamiento de la hipercinesia contralateral de la parálisis facial mediante la implementación de la escala Sunnybrook Facial Grading Scale (SFGS). Material y método: Estudio prospectivo observacional descriptivo analizando una muestra de 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de parálisis facial periférica atendidos en el Hospital de San José, Bogotá, Colombia. Describimos variables demográficas, y una vez identificados los pacientes sometidos a NSNF, utilizamos la historia clínica para hacer la estadificación de la escala descrita y comparamos los resultados en el pre y postoperatorio. Describimos también la técnica quirúrgica utilizada. Resultados: Evidenciamos una diferencia en la puntuación de la escala SFGS dada por un incremento en la puntuación en 4 pacientes sometidos al procedimiento, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, La NSNF es útil en el manejo de la asimetría facial persistente como secuela de parálisis facial. Nivel de evidencia científica 4c Terapéutico.(AU)

Background and objective: In the clinical approach of the peripheral facial paralysis there are therapeutic options focused on restoring facial motor function, such as static and dynamic surgeries; however, facial asymmetry is a persistent problem. Selective facial nerve neurectomy (SFNN) is a widely used surgery for the management of synkinesias and hyperkinesias as sequelae of pasalysis. Our objective is to analyze the results in the improvement of facial asymmetry of patients undergoing SFNN for the treatment of contralateral hyperkinesia of facial paralysis through the implementation of the Sunnybrook Facial Grading Scale (SFGS). Methods: A prospective observational descriptive study is designed for a sample of 100 patients diagnosed with peripheral facial paralysis treated at the Hospital de San José, Bogotá, Colombia. Demographic variables were described, and once the patients undergoing SFNN were identified, the clinical history is used to carry out the staging of the scale described and the results are compared in the pre and postoperative period. A description of the surgical technique used was made. Results: A difference in the SFGS scale classification score was identified due to an increase in the score in the postoperative period of 4 patients that were treated with SFNN with statistically significant differences. Conclusions: In our experience, SFNN is useful in the management of persistent facial asymmetry as a consequence of facial palsy.Level of evidence 4c Terapeutic.(AU)

Síndrome de Guillain-Barré como manifestación neurológica autoinmune asociado a COVID-19: Una revisión de la literatura / no

La enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) producida por el SARS-CoV-2 ha sido un reto para los servicios de salud en todo el mundo. La pandemia se ha extendido ampliamente con más de 80 millones de casos confirmados y más de un millón de muertes a nivel mundial, por lo que ha estado bajo constante investigación para entender todos los aspectos de la enfermedad. Recientemente se han reportado varios casos de pacientes con síndrome de Guillain-Barré asociado a COVID-19 como manifestación principal, convirtiéndola en la primera enfermedad neurológica autoinmune desencadenada por SARS-CoV-2; sin embargo, es necesario obtener más información para entender completamente los mecanismos inmunopatogénicos implicados en esta asociación.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been a challenge for health services around the world. The pandemic has spread widely, with more than 80 million confirmed cases and more than one million deaths globally. There have been many studies to understand all aspects of the disease. Recently, several cases have been reported of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 as the main manifestation. As it may be one of the first autoimmune neurological diseases triggered by SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to obtain more information to fully understand the immunopathogenic mechanisms involved in this association.

Intervenciones de rehabilitación en una corte transversal de pacientes diagnosticados con COVID- 9 en Chía, Colombia / Rehabilitation interventions in a cross-section of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Chía, Colombia

Introducción. La infección por SARS CoV-2 se caracteriza por una afección multisistémica que en la etapa aguda impacta de forma negativa la funcionalidad de los pacientes. Aunque en otros países existen programas de rehabilitación para tratar pacientes con COVID-19, los cuales se basan en la prevención y manejo de complica-ciones agudas, en Colombia existen pocos datos respecto a la epidemiología de esta población. Objetivos. Describir las intervenciones médicas y de rehabilitación que se ofrecieron a los pacientes adultos con COVID-19 que requirieron manejo intrahospitalario en la Clínica Universidad de La Sabana de Chía, Colombia, y definir las características sociodemográficas de esta población. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables establecidas a través de la revisión de las historias clínicas de 96 pacientes atendidos entre julio y diciembre del 2020 en la Clínica Universidad de La Sabana. Resultados. La mayoría de los pacientes eran hombres (62,5%) y la comorbilidad más prevalente fue la hipertensión arterial (47,9%). De los pacientes que tuvieron que ingresarse a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), 45% requirieron soporte ventilatorio invasivo. La valoración por fisiatría se realizó en promedio a los 9,29 días desde el inicio de hospitalización y el 95,8% de los pacientes recibieron intervención por alguna modalidad terapéutica Conclusiones. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de pacientes masculinos adultos mayores con comorbilidades y procedentes de Chía. En cuanto a la intervención integral de rehabilitación, fisioterapia fue la más prescrita en un 79,5% de la población y el diagnostico más frecuente fue síndrome de desacondicionamiento físico.

Introduction. SARS CoV-2 infection is characterized by a multisystemic condition that in the acute stage has a negative impact on the functionality of patients. Although in other countries there are rehabilitation programs to treat patients with CoVID-19, which are based on the prevention and management of acute complications, in Colombia there are few data regarding the epidemiology of this population. Objectives. To describe the medical and rehabilitation interventions offered to adult patients with COVID-19 who required in-hospital management at the Clínica Universidad de La Sabana in Chía, Colombia, and to define the sociodemographic characteristics of this population. Methods. A descriptive analysis of the variables established through the review of the medical records of 96 patients attended between July and December 2020 at the Clínica Universidad de La Sabana was performed. Results. Most patients were men (62.5%) and the most prevalent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (47.9%). Of the patients who had to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), 45% required invasive ventilatory support. Physiatry assessment was performed on average 9.29 days after hospitalization and 95.8% of the patients received intervention by some therapeutic modality. Conclusions. A high prevalence of older male patients with comorbidities and from Chía was found. Regarding the integral rehabilitation intervention, physiotherapy was the most prescribed in 79.5% of the population and the most frequent diangosto was physical deconditioning syndrome.

Manifestaciones neurológicas periféricas en la infección por Sars-CoV-2: enfoque desde la Medicina Física y la Rehabilitación / Peripheral neurological manifestations in Sars-CoV-2 infection Approach from Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Desde su notificación a finales del 2019, la infección secundaria a coronavirus se ha difundido a nivel global hasta ser calificada como una pandemia. La respuesta inflamatoria generalizada que produce la infección por Sars-CoV-2, compromete múltiples órganos y sistemas, siendo el sistema respiratorio uno de los más afectados y con desenlace fatal, sin embargo, la afectación del sistema nervioso periférico puede implicar el desarrollo de déficits permanentes, con limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria y restricción en la participación, llevando a la pérdida de independencia y reducción de la calidad de vida. El médico rehabilitador debe estar enfocado al reconocimiento y detección temprana de la patología nerviosa periférica, así como a determinar la intervención de la cual se beneficia más el paciente, liderar el equipo interdisciplinario de salud y mantener un trabajo fluido con otras especialidades médicas.

Since its notification at the end of 2019, the infection secondary to coronavirus has spread globally to the point of being qualified as a pandemic. The generalized inflammatory response produced by Sars-CoV-2 infection involves multiple organs and systems, being the respiratory system one of the most affected and with fatal outcome, however, the involvement of the peripheral nervous system may involve the development of permanent deficits, with limitations in activities of daily living and restriction in participation, leading to loss of independence and reduced quality of life. The rehabilitation physician should be focused on the early recognition and detection of peripheral nerve pathology, as well as to determine the intervention from which the patient will benefit the most, lead the interdisciplinary health team and maintain a fluid work with other medical specialties.

Compromiso, secuelas y rehabilitación del Sistema Nervioso Central debido a infección por Coronavirus, Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19 / Compromise, sequelae and rehabilitation of the Central Nervous System due to infectionby Coronavirus, Sars - Co V - 2 (Covid-19)

La infección por coronavirus Sars-CoV-2 desde su aparición en 2019, se ha manifestado con el compromiso multiorgánico y con la consecuente necesidad de un abordaje multidisciplinario que incluye a varios profesionales de la salud para la intervención aguda, la estabilización del paciente, la exploración neurológica y el proceso de rehabilitación. En conjunto las manifestaciones neurológicas, respiratorias y cardiovasculares son causa de discapacidad, alteración en la funcionalidad, de la participación y del entorno social en los pacientes con infección por Sars-CoV-2, por lo que requieren de una rehabilitación temprana como también de programas diseñados en torno a la pandemia y al compromiso neurológico, con el fin de prevenir complicaciones tempranas. Estas son razones por las que la presente revisión narrativa tiene como fin describir los principales compromisos del sistema nervioso central así como las secuelas neurológicas, basados en la búsqueda y referencia de diferentes tipos de artículos publicados hasta la fecha.

Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus infection since its emergence in 2019, has manifested with multiorgan involvement and the consequent need for a multidisciplinary approach that includes several health professionals for acute intervention, patient stabilization, neurological examination and rehabilitation process. As a whole, neurological, respiratory and cardiovascular manifestations are the cause of disability, alteration in functionality, participation and social environment in patients with Sars-CoV-2 infection, thus requiring early rehabilitation as well as programs designed around the pandemic and neurological involvement, in order to prevent early complications. These are the reasons why the present narrative review aims to describe the main central nervous system compromises as well as neurological sequelae, based on the search and reference of different types of articles published to date.

Profile of injures prevalence in athletes who participated in SESC Triathlon Caiobá-2011.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of injuries occurred during training and/or competition in triathlon athletes at SESC Triathlon Caiobá-2011. METHODS: One hundred and ninety athletes participated in the study (153 males and 37 females). RESULTS: Athletes reported time of practice between 3 to 6 years (20%), training frequency of 5 days per week (48%), at least one injury during trainings (76%). The prevalence of injuries according to the sports category was: running (79%), cycling (16%) and swimming (5%). The most injured region during training (39%) and competition (46%) was the calf. Female athletes reported 92% of injuries during running training and 35% of those injuries were on ankle and foot. During competition only two athletes reported injuries. Muscle injury was the most prevalent (54%) among male athletes, followed by tendon (19%), ligament (17%) and bone (9%) injuries. Among female athletes prevalent injuries were: 32% muscle, 32% bone, 32% tendon and only 4% ligament injuries. CONCLUSION: Skeletal muscle injuries were the most commom lesions during running training, however, male athletes reported mostly calf injuries, while female had mostly ankle and foot injuries. Level of Evidence III. Study of Non-Consecutive Patients; Without Consistently Applied Reference ''Gold'' Standard.

Evaluación de un reactor para la degradación fotocatalítica de glifosato empleando un catalizador de TiO2-Mn / Evaluation of a reactor for the photocatalytic degradation of glyphosate with a catalyst TiO2-Mn / Avaliação de reator para a degradação fotocatalítica do glifosato usando um catalisador de TiO2-Mn

Resumen En el presente trabajo se evaluó la degradación fotocatalítica del herbicida glifosato en solución acuosa con un catalizador comercial (TiO2 Degussa P25) y un catalizador sintetizado a partir de TiO2 dopado con manganeso (TiO2-Mn), soportados en anillos de borosilicato de diámetro interno y externo de 6,52 mm y 7,59 mm, respectivamente, y una longitud aproximada de 9,43 mm, mediante el uso de un reactor continuo de lecho empacado. El catalizador fue caracterizado por FTIR, SEM-EDS y AFM, con lo cual se determinaron algunas propiedades físicas y químicas del mismo. Las condiciones de operación del reactor fueron un caudal de alimentación de 4,25 mL min-1 de una solución de glifosato de pH natural de 4,45 y un tiempo de retención de 1 h y 25 min, en el cual se llevaron a cabo ensayos de fotocatálisis heterogénea, fotólisis y adsorción por un tiempo de 150 min. De lo anterior, se obtuvieron los porcentajes de remoción y el orden de la reacción fotocatalítica para el catalizador soportado en los anillos. A partir de los estudios de degradación realizados, con el TiO2-Mn soportado en los anillos, se logró un porcentaje máximo de degradación de 39.19%, mientras que, con el catalizador comercial TiO2 Degussa P25, se alcanzó un 28.6% de remoción. El modelo de reacción que sigue la degradación del glifosato es de difusión intrapartícula, debido a los procesos difusivos en los que la molécula de glifosato es adsorbida en los poros del catalizador para luego ser degradada.

Abstract In this work, the photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide glyphosate in aqueous solution was evaluated. Assays were performed on a commercial catalyst (TiO2 Degussa P25) and a catalyst synthesized from TiO2 doped with manganese (TiO2-Mn) supported on borosilicate rings, with an internal and external diameter of 6.52 mm and 7.59 mm respectively, and an approximate length of 9.43 mm, using a continuous packed bed reactor. The synthesized catalyst was characterized with techniques as FTIR, SEM-EDS, and AFM, which allowed to evaluating its chemical and physical properties. The reactor operating conditions were a feed flow rate of 4.25 mL min-1 of a pH 4.45 glyphosate solution and retention time of 1 h and 25 min. In such experiments, heterogeneous photocatalysis, photolysis, and adsorption test were carried out for 150 min, obtaining results of degradation percentages and the order of photocatalytic reaction for the catalyst supported in the rings and the powder in suspension. From the removal studies, a maximum degradation percentage of 39.19% was reached with TiO2-Mn supported in the rings. In contrast, the commercial catalyst TiO2 Degussa P25 had a 28.6% of removal. The glyphosate degradation follows an intraparticle diffusion model due to a diffusive process, where the glyphosate molecule is adsorbed in the catalyst pores and then degraded.

Resumo Neste trabalho, a degradação fotocatalítica de glifosato em solução aquosa foi avaliada com um catalisador comercial (TiO2 Degussa P25) e sintetizado a partir de TiO2 dopado com manganês (Mn-TiO2) com suporte em anéis de borosilicato de diâmetro interno e externo de catalisador 6,52 mm e 7,59 mm, respectivamente e um comprimento de aproximadamente 9,43 mm, usando um leito empacotado reator contínuo. O catalisador sintetizado foi caracterizado com FTIR, SEM-EDS and AFM, o que permitiu a sua morfologia e composição. As condições de operação do reactor foi alimentada à velocidade de 4,25 mL min-1 de uma solução de pH natural de 4,45 glifosato e um tempo de retenção de 1 hora e 25 minutos; em que foram realizados ensaios de fotocatálise heterogénea, fotólise, tempo de adsorção de 150 minutos, obtendo-se como percentagens resultados de remoção e com a reação fotocatalítica para o catalisador suportado em anéis. A partir dos estudos, foi obtido uma taxa máxima de degradação com TiO2-Mn suportado em anéis de 39,19% em comparação com o catalisador comercial de TiO2 Degussa P25 com os quais obtiveram porcentagens de degradação de 28,6%. A degradação do glifosato segue um modelo de difusão intrapartícula devido ao processo difusivo em que a molécula de glifosato é adsorvida no catalisador poros logo a ser degradada.

Efectividad de los programas computorizados en rehabilitación cognitiva de pacientes con esquizofrenia / Effectiveness of Computerized Programs in Cognitive Rehabilitation of Patients with Schizophrenia / Efetividade dos programas computorizados em reabilitação cognitiva de pacientes com esquizofrenia

Resumen Objetivo. Establecer la eficacia de los programas computarizados en la rehabilitación cognitiva de pacientes con esquizofrenia. Método. Se revisaron los materiales bibliográficos publicados en las bases de datos Medline, PubMed, Assia, PsycInfo y Journals@Ovid, entre 2005 y 2017, que incluyeran las palabras clave plataforma virtual o programa computarizado y rehabilitación cognitiva o rehabilitación neuropsicológica y esquizofrenia. Resultados. De un total de 356 artículos, solo 20 de ellos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se encontró que la intervención con programas computarizados suele generar mejorías tanto en los procesos de atención, memoria, velocidad de procesamiento y funciones ejecutivas como en la dimensión de cognición social y la esfera afectiva. Conclusión. Si bien la rehabilitación cognitiva a través de programas computarizados parece efectiva para mejorar el funcionamiento cognitivo de pacientes con esquizofrenia, no es clara la transferencia y generalización de esta mejora a la cotidianidad de los pacientes.

Abstract Objective. The cognitive deficits present in schizophrenia have been intervened through cognitive rehabilitation, and the use of computerized software is a current trend. This intervention has been the focus of attention of several studies, so, this investigation aims to give an account of the effectiveness of computerized software in the cognitive rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia. Method. To do this, the databases of MEDLINE, PUBMED, ASSIA, PsycINFO and Journals@Ovid were examined from 2005 until 2017, in a search for papers that include in their keywords virtual platforms or computers software and cognitive rehabilitation or neuropsychological rehabilitation and Schizophrenia. Results. Of a total of 356 research papers, only 20 of them met inclusion criteria. These studies included cognitive rehabilitation that uses software improved attention, memory, processing speed, executive functions, as well as social cognition, and affective functioning. Conclusion. Even though the use of software in cognitive rehabilitation had proved to improve general cognitive functioning of patients with schizophrenia, it is not clear that this kind of intervention assures the transfer of learning and generalization of this improvement in the daily life of patients.

Resumo Escopo. Os déficits cognitivos presentes na esquizofrenia tem sido intervindos com a reabilitação cognitiva, sendo o uso de programas computorizados uma tendência nos últimos tempos. Em esta pesquisa, foi importante estabelecer a eficácia de estes programas na reabilitação cognitiva de pacientes com esquizofrenia. Metodologia. Para isto, foram revisados os materiais bibliográficos publicados nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PUBMED, ASSIA, PsycINFO e Journals@Ovid, entre 2005 e 2017, que incluíram nas suas palavras-chave plataforma virtual ou programa computorizado e reabilitação cognitiva ou reabilitação neuropsicológica e esquizofrenia. Resultados. De um total de 365 artigos, só 20 de eles cumpriram os critérios de inclusão. Sua revisão encontrou que a intervenção com programas computorizadas normalmente gera melhoras nos processos de atenção, memória, velocidade de processamento, funções executivas, assim como na dimensão de cognição social e a esfera afetiva. Conclusão. Embora a reabilitação cognitiva a través de programas computorizadas parece efetiva para melhorar o funcionamento cognitivo de pacientes com esquizofrenia, não é clara a transferência e generalização de esta melhora na cotidianidade dos pacientes.

Traumatismo dental en bebés / Traumatismo dental em bebês / Dental trauma in infants

Las ocurrencias traumáticas pueden traer consecuencias desagradables tanto en lo físico como en lo estético, como en el aspecto psicológico. Los traumas sufridos por bebés traen situaciones casi irreparables en el momento, tales como las limitaciones inherentes a la edad del paciente cuando aún es bebé. Las soluciones protésicas, por ejemplo, son casi siempre descartadas porque la edad del paciente es incompatible con el uso de una prótesis. Así, como ésta, también ocurren muchas otras situaciones, limitando un tratamiento inmediato y representando para el paciente un problema a ser resuelto. Por lo tanto, en el trabajo se hace una revisión de la bibliografía que aborda el traumatismo dental en bebés y comentarios sobre los exámenes a realizar, siempre considerando la edad, crecimiento y desarrollo, además de relatar las consecuencias de esos traumatismos en esta franja etaria inicial de vida como resultado. Finalmente, trata de alertar a los responsables de los niños de los cuidados de emergencia que se deben tener en algunas ocurrencias de traumatismos dentales en bebés.

As ocorrências traumáticas podem trazer consequências desagradáveis seja na questão física como na estética, ou no aspecto psicológico. Os traumas acometidos em bebês, trazem, situações quase que irreparáveis no momento, tais como as limitações inerentes à idade do paciente quando ainda bebê. As resoluções protéticas, por exemplo, são quase sempre descartadas, uma vez que a idade do paciente é incompatível com o uso de uma prótese. Assim, como esta, muitas outras situações também ocorrem, limitando um tratamento imediato, representando um problema a ser resolvido para o paciente. Assim sendo, no trabalho é feito uma revisão de literatura que aborda o traumatismo dentário em bebês e comentários sobre os exames a serem feitos, sempre considerando a idade, crescimento e desenvolvimento, além de relatar as consequências desses traumatismos nesta faixa etária inicial de vida como resultado. Por fim, trata de alertar os responsáveis pelas crianças, dos cuidados emergenciais que se deve ter em algumas ocorrências de traumatismos dentais em bebês.

Traumatic events can result in unpleasant outcomes, both physically and aesthetically, including psychological aspects. Dental trauma in infants results in almost irreparable damages at the time, such as limitations inherent to the patient's age. For instance, prosthetic interventions for infants are almost always disregarded as the patient's age is not compatible with the use of prosthesis. Therefore, many other similar situations involving infants may also occur, which temlimits any immediate treatment and represents a problem to be solved. The present work aims to review the literature on dental trauma in infants and discuss on the exams to be performed, always considering age, growth and development of the patient, in addition to reporting traumatic outcomes in this early age group. Finally, the present work also attempts to advise the caregivers about the emergency care they should follow in some occurrences of dental trauma in infants.