Development and validation of educational technology for venous ulcer care.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an educational technology venous ulcers care. METHOD: Methodological study conducted in five steps: Situational diagnosis; literature review; development of texts, illustrations and layout; apparent and content validity by the Content Validity Index, assessment of Flesch Readability Index; and pilot testing. RESULTS: The developed technology was a type of booklet entitled Booklet for Venous Ulcers Care, consisting of seven topics: Diet and food intake, walking and light exercise, resting with elevated leg, bandage care, compression therapy, family support, and keeping healthy habits. The apparent validity revealed minimal agreement of 85.7% in the clarity and comprehensibility. The total content validity index was 0.97, the Flesch Readability Index was 75%, corresponding to the reading "fairly easy". The pilot test showed that 100% of people with venous ulcers evaluated the text and the illustrations as understandable, as appropriate. CONCLUSION: The educational technology proved to be valid for the appearance and content with potential for use in clinical practice. OBJETIVO: Construir e validar uma tecnologia educativa para cuidados com úlcera venosa. MÉTODO: Estudo metodológico realizado em cinco fases: diagnóstico situacional; revisão da literatura; desenvolvimento de textos, ilustrações e diagramação; validade de aparência e de conteúdo pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, avaliação do Índice de Legibilidade de Flesch; e teste piloto. RESULTADOS: A tecnologia desenvolvida foi do tipo cartilha intitulada Cartilha para cuidados com úlcera venosa, constituída de sete tópicos: Alimentação, Caminhadas e exercícios leves, Repouso com a perna elevada, Cuidados com o curativo, Terapia compressiva, Apoio familiar, e manter hábitos saudáveis. A validade aparente revelou concordância mínima de 85,7% na clareza e compreensibilidade. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo total foi de 0,97, o Índice de legibilidade de Flesch foi de 75%, o que correspondeu à leitura "razoavelmente fácil". O teste piloto revelou que 100% das pessoas com úlcera venosa avaliaram o texto como compreensivo e as ilustrações, como adequadas. CONCLUSÃO: A tecnologia educativa mostrou-se válida quanto à aparência e ao conteúdo, com potencial de utilização na prática clínica.

[Assessment of self-care competence of elderly people with diabetes]. / Avaliação da competência de idosos diabéticos para o autocuidado.

This descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study aimed to assess the self-care competencies of senior citizens with diabetes using the Scale to Identify Diabetes Mellitus Patients' Competence for Self-Care and personal factors associated with it. The study population consisted of seniors registered in primary healthcare units in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Only 6% of the patients were considered to have diabetes self-care competence. Low educational level and decreased visual acuity were identified as factors that influenced these low scores. The results, which showed that a small number of seniors were considered competent to practice self-care, indicated the importance of developing health promotion activities targeted to this population, assessing skills and encouraging self-care practices to facilitate the planning of health interventions.

Prevalence of characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders in Primary Health Care Units. METHODS: cross-sectional study with 384 elders. To evaluate sarcopenia, we measured: strength and muscle mass, and physical performance. The elderly were classified as having: probable sarcopenia; sarcopenia; or severe sarcopenia. The chi-squared test and the multinomial logistic regression method were used. RESULTS: the prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 25.52%; of sarcopenia, 11.98%; and of severe sarcopenia, 9.90%. Probable sarcopenia is 1.75 times more prevalent in men; osteoporosis is 2.16 times more prevalent in people with severe sarcopenia; polypharmacy is 1.57 times more likely in individuals with probable sarcopenia; and calf circumference below 31 cm is 2.24 times more likely in patients with sarcopenia and 2.19 times more likely in patients with severe sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS: the highest prevalence was of probable sarcopenia, and the characteristics associated with sarcopenia were sex, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, overweight, obesity, and calf circumference.

Interactive gerontechnology for fall prevention in the elderly: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVES: to develop interactive gerontechnology for the prevention of falls in the elderly at home. METHODS: an exploratory and descriptive study that consisted of gerontechnology development and evaluation by experts and the target audience. For evaluation, researchers used the Agreement Index (AI), considering values greater than 80%. RESULTS: the three-dimensional virtual scale model was elaborated through the SketchUp program, with the distribution of rooms and floors, constituting Prototype 1 (P1). Fifty-four judges evaluated the P1, and all presented agreement above the established, with a minimum AI of 88% and a maximum of 100%, producing Prototype 2 (P2). Thirty elderly participants from a philanthropic institution evaluated Prototype 2. On all items, AI ranged from 83% a 100%, resulting in the final version. CONCLUSIONS: the product of this research reveals itself as an innovative and scientifically based tool aimed at preventing falls in the elderly.

[Educational strategy addressed to nurses in primary care for infertility: an intervention study]. / Estratégia educativa voltada para enfermeiros sobre atençao básica à infertilidade: estudo de intervenção.

The objective was to assess the impact of an educational strategy approaching infertility assistance; and verify practices introduced into the daily work of the participants after this intervention. Research-action developed with 11 nurses from the Family Health Strategy, in Fortaleza-CE, through the reading of a brochure in a "circle of conversation." Data were collected in August and October 2010, before, immediately after and 60 days after the intervention. An increase in the levels of knowledge was noted immediately after the intervention, when all participants had a "more than good" or "very good" level of knowledge, leaving behind the "little" and "good" levels rated before the intervention; at 60 days, a "good" level of knowledge was noted again, showing a relative decrease in knowledge. There was self-recognition of the ability to introduce practices into the daily work after the intervention, confirming the positive impact thereof

Development and testing of the Prev'Quedas game for older adults in the community: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVES: to develop and test a board game for fall prevention in older adults in the community. METHODS: a descriptive study, carried out through the use of game design elements (narrative, mechanics, aesthetics and technology), the Health Promotion Model, assessment by experts and testing with older adults. For assessment, the Concordance Index was used, considering it greater than 80%. RESULTS: three prototypes and the final version were developed. The game's narrative was based on promotion model, comprising individual aspects, benefits and barriers in behavior to prevent falls. The mechanics outlined goals and rules. Aesthetics encompassed layout and illustrations. The technology involved board, cards, pin, roulette and instruction manual. The game was assessed by 36 experts and 31 older women from the community, with a Concordance Index of 93.22% and 99%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: the game developed and tested was considered an adequate educational strategy for fall prevention.

Factors associated with vulnerability and fragility in the elderly: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: to assess factors associated with vulnerability and fragility in the elderly. METHODS: crosssectional study with 384 elderly people in Fortaleza, Ceará. The Vulnerable Elders Survey and Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index - 20 were used. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for associations. In the analysis of the combined influence of risk factors, the stepwise logistic regression and multinomial regression methods were adopted. RESULTS: 251 (65.4%) non-vulnerable and 133 (34.6%) vulnerable elders. From the vulnerable elders analyzed, 42 (30.9%) are at high risk for frailty. Factors associated with vulnerability: age, gender, presence of comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis and use of polypharmacy. There is a 30% increase in the chance of vulnerability for each additional drug. Physical activity reduces the chance of vulnerability by 60%. Factors associated with frailty: educational level; self-perception of health; comorbidities; polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: it is important to pay attention to the presence of arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, and encourage the practice of physical activity.

Three-dimensional Educational Technology for the prevention of accidents caused by falls in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate a three-dimensional educational gerontotechnology for the prevention of falls in the elderly at home. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive study, involving the Development of gerontotechnology; Evaluation by specialists and target audience, took place in Fortaleza, State of Ceara, Brazil, from June 2017 to October 2018. For the development, it was used the steps adopted in a booklet and the Casa Segura project for the elderly. 16 specialists and 30 elderly participated in the evaluation, using the Health Promotion Model, by Nola Pende. RESULTS: The scale model has an area of 160 cm2, with four rooms made of Medium Density Fiberboard . Specialists consider technology adequate, with a level of compliance of 87.7% IC95% [87,71-88,42]. All the elderly related that the scale model looked their homes, and 13 of them (43.3%) suggested the construction of a backyard, a possible second floor, corridors, and stairs. CONCLUSION: Gerontotechnology was considered fit to be used in the prevention of falls in the elderly.

Educational intervention to promote self-care in older adults with diabetes mellitus. / Intervenção educativa para a promoção do autocuidado de idosos com diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of an educational nursing intervention in self-care for older adults who have Diabetes Mellitus. METHOD: A quasi-experimental study with control and intervention two groups conducted with older adults living with Diabetes Mellitus, attended at Primary Health Care Units of Fortaleza/Ceará. The intervention was a group educational approach with guidelines on diabetes treatment and foot care. The Brazilian adapted version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire (SDSCA) was used for evaluating before-and-after self-care. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. RESULTS: 103 older adults participated in the study. There was an increase in self-care for diabetes after the educational intervention related to the aspects: healthy diet (p = 0.027), dietary instruction (p = 0.013) and foot examination (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: The performed intervention promoted positive behavioral changes, favoring the adoption of healthy habits and the promotion of self-care in older adult patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Diagrama de prevenção de quedas para pessoas idosas: revisão integrativa / Diagrama de prevención de caídas para personas mayores: revisión integradora / Fall prevention diagram for older adults: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Propor um diagrama de prevenção de quedas para pessoas idosas, baseado no Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender. Métodos A construção do diagrama foi embasada no modelo de Nola Pender e em seus elementos. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de revisão integrativa, com o objetivo de coletar dados sobre características e experiências individuais, sentimentos e conhecimentos e adoção de comportamento saudável para prevenção de quedas. Após a coleta dessas informações, realizou-se análise de similitude dos estudos selecionados por meio do IRaMuTeQ. Os elementos obtidos da análise de similitude facilitaram o agrupamento dos estudos quanto aos elementos encontrados e, assim, proporcionaram a organização do diagrama de prevenção de quedas. Resultados A amostra final foi constituída de 54 artigos, divididos de acordo com os elementos do modelo de Nola Pender: 36 abordavam características e experiências individuais, 40 sentimentos e conhecimentos, e 20 eram referentes ao comportamento. Os elementos obtidos da análise de similitude geraram um leque semântico de palavras mais frequentes: queda, prevenção, mulher e medo. Já as palavras menos frequentes foram cognição, autoeficácia, transporte e planejamento, os quais contribuíram para a construção do diagrama. Conclusão A partir da revisão, elaborou-se um diagrama, que favoreceu a identificação dos fatores pessoais, barreiras e facilidades, para um comportamento desejável à prevenção de quedas.

Resumen Objetivo Proponer un diagrama de prevención de caídas para personas mayores, basado en el modelo de promoción de la salud de Nola Pender. Métodos La elaboración del diagrama se basó en el modelo de Nola Pender y sus elementos. Para tal fin, se realizó un estudio de revisión integradora con el objetivo de recopilar datos sobre características y experiencias individuales, sentimientos y conocimientos y adopción de un comportamiento saludable para la prevención de caídas. Después de recopilar la información, se realizó un análisis de similitud de los estudios seleccionados mediante IRaMuTeQ. Los elementos obtenidos del análisis de similitud permitieron agrupar los estudios respecto a los elementos encontrados y, de esta forma, proporcionaron la organización del diagrama de prevención de caídas. Resultados La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 54 artículos, divididos de acuerdo con los elementos del modelo de Nola Pender: 36 abordaban características y experiencias individuales, 40 sentimientos y conocimientos y 20 eran sobre el comportamiento. Los elementos obtenidos del análisis de similitud generaron un conjunto semántico de palabras más frecuentes: caída, prevención, mujer y miedo. Por otro lado, las palabras menos frecuentes fueron: cognición, autoeficacia, transporte y planificación, que contribuyeron para la elaboración del diagrama. Conclusión A partir de la revisión, se elaboró un diagrama que favoreció la identificación de los factores personales, barreras y facilidades para un comportamiento conveniente en la prevención de caídas.

Abstract Objective To propose a fall prevention diagram for older adults, based on Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model. Methods Diagram construction was based on Nola Pender's model and its elements. For this, an integrative review study was carried out with the objective of collecting data on individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect and behavioral outcome for fall prevention. After collecting this information, a similarity analysis of the selected studies was carried out using IRaMuTeQ. The elements obtained from similarity analysis facilitated the grouping of studies regarding the elements found and thus provided fall prevention diagram organization. Results The final sample consisted of 54 articles, divided according to the elements of Nola Pender's model: 36 addressed individual characteristics and experiences, 40 referred to behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and 20 referred to behavioral outcome. The elements obtained from the similarity analysis generated a semantic range of the most frequent words: fall, prevention, woman and fear. The least frequent words were cognition, self-efficacy, transportation and planning, which contributed to diagram construction. Conclusion From the review, a diagram was prepared, which favored identifying personal factors, barriers and facilities for a desirable behavior to prevent falls.

Effectiveness of an educational intervention on knowledge-attitude-practice of older adults' caregivers.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the knowledge, attitude and practice of older adults' caregivers before and after an educational intervention in the domains of the care between caregiver and older adult, feeding, bathing, hygiene and mobility and transportation. METHOD: Quasi-experimental study carried out with 82 caregivers, of which 34 participated in the intervention. Interviews were conducted through a knowledge, attitude and practice research on the older adults` care Results: The educational intervention led to improvements in knowledge, attitude and practice, with statistical significance of attitude (p <0.020) and practice (p <0.001), in the domain of the care between caregiver and older adult; knowledge (p <0.001) and practice (p <0.003) in feeding; Knowledge (p <0.001) and practice (p <0.001) in bathing and hygiene; and knowledge (p <0.001), attitude (p <0.001) and practice (p <0.001) in mobility and transportation. The analysis of the 34 caregivers who started and completed the study showed an improvement in attitude in most of the domains. CONCLUSION: the educational intervention is an effective and viable strategy for older adults' caregivers.

Educational technologies and practices for prevention of vertical HIV transmission.

OBJECTIVE: to assess available evidence on educational technologies and practices for prevention of vertical HIV transmission. METHOD: LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, BDENF, between April and May 2016, with the descriptors: "Vertical Transmission of Infectious Disease", "HIV", "Health Education" and "Technology". RESULTS: there are 16 articles published between 2000 and 2014, mostly Brazilian and African, Cross-sectional and with low level of evidence. The studies covered the use of hard technologies, through video, radio and telephone, and soft, emphasizing, in particular, counseling. CONCLUSION: the studies recognize the importance of educational activities as a tool for health promotion in the context of vertical HIV transmission, despite reporting the need for constant training of professionals and urgency in the renewal of educational concepts and practices. Therefore, it is recommended to expand and consolidate health counseling and emphasize the role of nurses as an important actor in this setting.

Uso da fitoterapia no tratamento do pé diabético em pessoas idosas: revisão integrativa / Use of phytotherapy in treating diabetic foot in older adults: an integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo identificar as evidências científicas sobre fitoterápicos utilizados no tratamento de pé diabético em pessoas idosas. Métodos revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science e Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature. Utilizou-se a plataforma Rayyan, como ferramenta auxiliar para arquivamento, organização e seleção dos artigos. Resultados a busca resultou em 158 artigos. Após a estratégia de identificação, seleção, avaliação da elegibilidade, sistematização e leitura na íntegra, a amostra final foi de 10 artigos. Identificou-se fitoterápicos derivados de Calendula officinalis, Ageratina pichinchensis, Phellodendron chinense, Curcumin phytosome, Capsicum spp., Rehmannia Glutinosa e Astragalus membranaceus. Conclusão predominou a investigação de compostos fitoterápicos derivados de quatro plantas utilizados no tratamento do pé diabético em pessoas idosas. Considerações para a prática amparados pela legislação, os enfermeiros podem orientar usuários interessados em utilizar fitoterapia, como solução acessível e de eficácia comprovada.

ABSTRACT Objective to identify the scientific evidence on herbal medicines used in treating diabetic foot in older adults. Methods an integrative review conducted in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases. The Rayyan platform was used as a supporting tool for archiving, organizing and selecting articles. Results the search resulted in 158 articles. After identifying, selecting, evaluating eligibility, systematization and performing a full reading of the articles, the final sample consisted of 10 articles. We identified herbal medicines derived from Calendula officinalis, Ageratina pichinchensis, Phellodendron chinense, Curcumin phytosome, Capsicum spp., Rehmannia Glutinosa and Astragalus membranaceus. Conclusion investigations of herbal compounds derived from four plants used in treating diabetic foot in older adults predominated. Considerations to practice supported by legislation, nurses can guide users interested in using phytotherapy as an accessible solution with proven efficacy.

Interactive gerontechnology for fall prevention in the elderly: a descriptive study / Gerontecnología interactiva para prevención de caídas en personas ancianas: estudio descriptivo / Gerontecnologia interativa para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas: estudo descritivo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop interactive gerontechnology for the prevention of falls in the elderly at home. Methods: an exploratory and descriptive study that consisted of gerontechnology development and evaluation by experts and the target audience. For evaluation, researchers used the Agreement Index (AI), considering values greater than 80%. Results: the three-dimensional virtual scale model was elaborated through the SketchUp program, with the distribution of rooms and floors, constituting Prototype 1 (P1). Fifty-four judges evaluated the P1, and all presented agreement above the established, with a minimum AI of 88% and a maximum of 100%, producing Prototype 2 (P2). Thirty elderly participants from a philanthropic institution evaluated Prototype 2. On all items, AI ranged from 83% a 100%, resulting in the final version. Conclusions: the product of this research reveals itself as an innovative and scientifically based tool aimed at preventing falls in the elderly.

RESUMEN Objetivos: desarrollar gerontecnología interactiva para prevención de caídas en ancianos en el domicilio. Métodos: estudio exploratorio y descriptivo que consistió en el desarrollo de la gerontecnología y evaluación por especialistas y por público objetivo. Para evaluación, utilizado el Índice de Concordancia (IC), considerando valores mayores que 80%. Resultados: elaborado la maqueta tridimensional virtual mediante el programa SketchUp, con la distribución de las habitaciones y pisos, constituyendo el Prototipo 1 (P1). El P1 fue evaluado por 54 jueces, y todos presentaron concordancia arriba del establecido, con IC mínimo de 88% y máximo de 100%, produciendo el Prototipo 2 (P2). Esto fue sometido a la evaluación por 30 ancianos participantes de institución filantrópica. En todos los ítems, el IC varió de 83% a 100%, resultando en la versión final. Conclusiones: el producto de esta investigación se revela como herramienta innovadora y científicamente fundamentada objetivando a la prevención de caídas en personas ancianas.

RESUMO Objetivos: desenvolver gerontecnologia interativa para prevenção de quedas em idosos no domicílio. Métodos: estudo exploratório e descritivo que consistiu no desenvolvimento da gerontecnologia e avaliação por especialistas e pelo público-alvo. Para avaliação, utilizou-se o Índice de Concordância (IC), considerando valores maiores que 80%. Resultados: elaborou-se a maquete tridimensional virtual por meio do programa SketchUp, com a distribuição dos cômodos e andares, constituindo o Protótipo 1 (P1). O P1 foi avaliado por 54 juízes, e todos apresentaram concordância acima do estabelecido, com IC mínimo de 88% e máximo de 100%, produzindo o Protótipo 2 (P2). Este foi submetido à avaliação por 30 idosos participantes de instituição filantrópica. Em todos os itens, o IC variou de 83% a 100%, resultando na versão final. Conclusões: o produto desta pesquisa se revela como ferramenta inovadora e cientificamente fundamentada visando à prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas.

Prevalence of characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders: a cross-sectional study / Prevalencia y características relacionadas a la sarcopenia en personas ancianas: estudio transversal / Prevalência e características associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas idosas: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders in Primary Health Care Units. Methods: cross-sectional study with 384 elders. To evaluate sarcopenia, we measured: strength and muscle mass, and physical performance. The elderly were classified as having: probable sarcopenia; sarcopenia; or severe sarcopenia. The chi-squared test and the multinomial logistic regression method were used. Results: the prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 25.52%; of sarcopenia, 11.98%; and of severe sarcopenia, 9.90%. Probable sarcopenia is 1.75 times more prevalent in men; osteoporosis is 2.16 times more prevalent in people with severe sarcopenia; polypharmacy is 1.57 times more likely in individuals with probable sarcopenia; and calf circumference below 31 cm is 2.24 times more likely in patients with sarcopenia and 2.19 times more likely in patients with severe sarcopenia. Conclusions: the highest prevalence was of probable sarcopenia, and the characteristics associated with sarcopenia were sex, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, overweight, obesity, and calf circumference.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar prevalencia y características relacionadas a la sarcopenia en personas ancianas de Unidades de Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: estudio transversal, con 384 personas ancianas. Para evaluación de sarcopenia, medidos: fuerza y masa muscular, desempeño físico. Clasificadas personas ancianas con: sarcopenia probable; sarcopenia; y sarcopenia grave. Analizado con prueba chi cuadrado y método de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: la prevalencia de probable sarcopenia fue de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; y sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Hombres son 1,75 vez más prevalentes en individuos con probable sarcopenia; osteoporosis es 2,16 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia grave; polifarmacia, 1,57 vez más prevalente en la probable sarcopenia; circunferencia de los gemelos menor que 31 cm es 2,24 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia y 2,19 veces en la sarcopenia grave. Conclusiones: Hubo mayor prevalencia de probable sarcopenia, y las características relacionadas a la sarcopenia fueron: sexo, osteoporosis, polifarmacia, sobrepeso, obesidad y circunferencia de los gemelos.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a prevalência e as características associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas idosas de Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 384 pessoas idosas. Para avaliação de sarcopenia, mediu-se: força e massa muscular, desempenho físico. Classificaram se pessoas idosas com: sarcopenia provável; sarcopenia; e sarcopenia grave. Analisou-se com teste de qui quadrado e método de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: a prevalência de provável sarcopenia foi de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; e sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Homens são 1,75 vez mais prevalentes em indivíduos com provável sarcopenia; osteoporose é 2,16 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia grave; polifarmácia, 1,57 vez mais prevalente na provável sarcopenia; circunferência da panturrilha menor que 31 cm é 2,24 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia e 2,19 vezes na sarcopenia grave. Conclusões: houve maior prevalência de provável sarcopenia, e as características associadas à sarcopenia foram: sexo, osteoporose, polifarmácia, sobrepeso, obesidade e circunferência da panturrilha.

Prevalence of characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders: a cross-sectional study / Prevalencia y características relacionadas a la sarcopenia en personas ancianas: estudio transversal / Prevalência e características associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas idosas: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders in Primary Health Care Units. Methods: cross-sectional study with 384 elders. To evaluate sarcopenia, we measured: strength and muscle mass, and physical performance. The elderly were classified as having: probable sarcopenia; sarcopenia; or severe sarcopenia. The chi-squared test and the multinomial logistic regression method were used. Results: the prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 25.52%; of sarcopenia, 11.98%; and of severe sarcopenia, 9.90%. Probable sarcopenia is 1.75 times more prevalent in men; osteoporosis is 2.16 times more prevalent in people with severe sarcopenia; polypharmacy is 1.57 times more likely in individuals with probable sarcopenia; and calf circumference below 31 cm is 2.24 times more likely in patients with sarcopenia and 2.19 times more likely in patients with severe sarcopenia. Conclusions: the highest prevalence was of probable sarcopenia, and the characteristics associated with sarcopenia were sex, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, overweight, obesity, and calf circumference.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar prevalencia y características relacionadas a la sarcopenia en personas ancianas de Unidades de Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: estudio transversal, con 384 personas ancianas. Para evaluación de sarcopenia, medidos: fuerza y masa muscular, desempeño físico. Clasificadas personas ancianas con: sarcopenia probable; sarcopenia; y sarcopenia grave. Analizado con prueba chi cuadrado y método de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: la prevalencia de probable sarcopenia fue de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; y sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Hombres son 1,75 vez más prevalentes en individuos con probable sarcopenia; osteoporosis es 2,16 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia grave; polifarmacia, 1,57 vez más prevalente en la probable sarcopenia; circunferencia de los gemelos menor que 31 cm es 2,24 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia y 2,19 veces en la sarcopenia grave. Conclusiones: Hubo mayor prevalencia de probable sarcopenia, y las características relacionadas a la sarcopenia fueron: sexo, osteoporosis, polifarmacia, sobrepeso, obesidad y circunferencia de los gemelos.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a prevalência e as características associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas idosas de Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 384 pessoas idosas. Para avaliação de sarcopenia, mediu-se: força e massa muscular, desempenho físico. Classificaram se pessoas idosas com: sarcopenia provável; sarcopenia; e sarcopenia grave. Analisou-se com teste de qui quadrado e método de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: a prevalência de provável sarcopenia foi de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; e sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Homens são 1,75 vez mais prevalentes em indivíduos com provável sarcopenia; osteoporose é 2,16 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia grave; polifarmácia, 1,57 vez mais prevalente na provável sarcopenia; circunferência da panturrilha menor que 31 cm é 2,24 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia e 2,19 vezes na sarcopenia grave. Conclusões: houve maior prevalência de provável sarcopenia, e as características associadas à sarcopenia foram: sexo, osteoporose, polifarmácia, sobrepeso, obesidade e circunferência da panturrilha.

Factors associated with the functional capacity of older adults with leprosy.

OBJECTIVE:: to investigate the association between socio-demographic and clinical factors and the functional capacity of older adults with leprosy. METHOD:: cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, with 77 older adult patients with leprosy in a referral service, through interview, medical records and application of the Katz Index and the Lawton and Brody Scale. RESULTS:: the mean age was 68.23 years, with prevalence of men, in stable union/married, with mean monthly family income of 2.04 minimum wages, positive bacillary index, clinical dimorphic form and grade zero disability. In the Lawton and Brody scale, independence (58.5%) was predominant and associated to the variables "living arrangement" and "educational attainment". Total independence (87.0%) was predominant in the Katz Index and statistically associated to the variable monthly family income. CONCLUSION:: most of the participants were classified as independent in the instruments used. Furthermore, the instruments pointed to a greater number of associations with socio-demographic and clinical factors not related to leprosy. OBJETIVO:: investigar a associação de fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos à capacidade funcional de idosos com hanseníase. MÉTODO:: estudo transversal, analítico realizado em Fortaleza, Ceará, com 77 idosos com hanseníase acompanhados em serviço de referência, através de entrevista, consulta ao prontuário e aplicação do Índice de Katz e Escala de Lawton e Brody. RESULTADOS:: a média de idade foi de 68,23 anos, com prevalência de sexo masculino, união estável/casado, renda familiar mensal média de 2,04 salários mínimos, índice baciloscópico positivo, forma clínica dimorfa e Grau de Incapacidade Física zero. Na escala de Lawton e Brody prevaleceu a independência (58,5%) com associação às variáveis "com quem reside" e "escolaridade". Destacou-se a independência total (87,0%) no índice de Katz, associando-se estatisticamente a variável renda familiar mensal. CONCLUSÃO:: a maioria dos participantes mostrou-se independente nos instrumentos utilizados. Ademais, os instrumentos apontaram mais associações a fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos não relacionados com a hanseníase.

Factors associated with vulnerability and fragility in the elderly: a cross-sectional study / Factores relacionados a la vulnerabilidad y fragilidad en ancianos: estudio transversal / Fatores associados à vulnerabilidade e fragilidade em idosos: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess factors associated with vulnerability and fragility in the elderly. Methods: crosssectional study with 384 elderly people in Fortaleza, Ceará. The Vulnerable Elders Survey and Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index - 20 were used. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for associations. In the analysis of the combined influence of risk factors, the stepwise logistic regression and multinomial regression methods were adopted. Results: 251 (65.4%) non-vulnerable and 133 (34.6%) vulnerable elders. From the vulnerable elders analyzed, 42 (30.9%) are at high risk for frailty. Factors associated with vulnerability: age, gender, presence of comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis and use of polypharmacy. There is a 30% increase in the chance of vulnerability for each additional drug. Physical activity reduces the chance of vulnerability by 60%. Factors associated with frailty: educational level; self-perception of health; comorbidities; polypharmacy. Conclusions: it is important to pay attention to the presence of arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, and encourage the practice of physical activity.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar factores relacionados a vulnerabilidad y fragilidad en ancianos. Métodos: estudio transversal, con 384 ancianos en Fortaleza, Ceará. Utilizó el Vulnerable Elders Survey e Índice de Vulnerabilidad Clínico-Funcional - 20. Emplearon testes chi-cuadrado y exacto de Fisher para relaciones. En el análisis de la influencia conjunta de los factores de riesgo, adoptó el método de regresión logística stepwise y multinomial stepwise. Resultados: 251 (65,4%) no vulnerables y 133 (34,6%) vulnerables. De los vulnerables analizados, 42 (30,9%) hay alto riesgo para fragilidad. Factores relacionados a vulnerabilidad: edad, sexo, presencia de comorbilidades, hipertensión, diabetes, osteoporosis y uso de polifarmacia. Hay aumento de 30% en la chance de vulnerabilidad para cada medicamento adicional. La actividad física reduce en 60% la chance de vulnerabilidad. Factores relacionados a la fragilidad: escolaridad; autopercepción de salud; comorbilidades; polifarmacia. Conclusiones: Atentarse para la presencia en ancianos de hipertensión arterial, osteoporosis, polifarmacia e incentivar la práctica de actividad física.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar fatores associados à vulnerabilidade e fragilidade em idosos. Método: estudo transversal, com 384 idosos em Fortaleza, estado do Ceará. Utilizou-se o Vulnerable Elders Survey e Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional - 20. Empregaram-se testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher para associações. Na análise da influência conjunta dos fatores de risco, adotou-se o método de regressão logística stepwise e multinomial stepwise. Resultados: 251 (65,4%) não vulneráveis e 133 (34,6%) vulneráveis. Dos vulneráveis analisados, 42 (30,9%) têm alto risco para fragilidade. Fatores associados à vulnerabilidade: idade, sexo, presença de comorbidades, hipertensão, diabetes, osteoporose e uso de polifarmácia. Há aumento de 30% na chance de vulnerabilidade para cada medicamento adicional. A atividade física reduz em 60% a chance de vulnerabilidade. Fatores associados à fragilidade: escolaridade; autopercepção de saúde; comorbidades; polifarmácia. Conclusões: atentar-se para a presença em idosos de hipertensão arterial, osteoporose, polifarmácia e incentivar a prática de atividade física.

Development and testing of the Prev'Quedas game for older adults in the community: a descriptive study / Desarrollo y prueba del juego Prev'Quedas para personas mayores de la comunidad: un estudio descriptivo / Desenvolvimento e testagem do jogo Prev'Quedas para pessoas idosas da comunidade: estudo descritivo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and test a board game for fall prevention in older adults in the community. Methods: a descriptive study, carried out through the use of game design elements (narrative, mechanics, aesthetics and technology), the Health Promotion Model, assessment by experts and testing with older adults. For assessment, the Concordance Index was used, considering it greater than 80%. Results: three prototypes and the final version were developed. The game's narrative was based on promotion model, comprising individual aspects, benefits and barriers in behavior to prevent falls. The mechanics outlined goals and rules. Aesthetics encompassed layout and illustrations. The technology involved board, cards, pin, roulette and instruction manual. The game was assessed by 36 experts and 31 older women from the community, with a Concordance Index of 93.22% and 99%, respectively. Conclusions: the game developed and tested was considered an adequate educational strategy for fall prevention.

RESUMEN Objetivos: desarrollar y probar un juego de mesa para la prevención de caídas en ancianos de la comunidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, realizado mediante el uso de elementos de diseño de juegos (narrativa, mecánica, estética y tecnología), el Modelo de Promoción de la Salud, evaluación por expertos y testeo con ancianos. Para la evaluación se utilizó el Índice de Concordancia, considerándose mayor al 80%. Resultados: se desarrollaron tres prototipos y la versión final. La narrativa del juego se basó en el modelo de promoción, que comprende aspectos individuales, beneficios y barreras en el comportamiento para prevenir caídas. La mecánica delineó objetivos y reglas. La estética abarcó el diseño y las ilustraciones. La tecnología involucró tablero, cartas, pin, ruleta y manual de instrucciones. El juego fue evaluado por 36 expertos y 31 ancianas de la comunidad, con un Índice de Concordancia de 93,22% y 99%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: el juego desarrollado y probado fue considerado una estrategia educativa adecuada para la prevención de caídas.

RESUMO Objetivos: desenvolver e testar um jogo de tabuleiro para prevenção de quedas em idosos da comunidade. Métodos: estudo descritivo, realizado através da utilização dos elementos do design de jogos (narrativa, mecânica, estética e tecnologia), do Modelo de Promoção da Saúde, da avaliação por especialistas e testagem com pessoas idosas. Para avaliação, utilizou-se o Índice de Concordância, considerando-o maior que 80%. Resultados: desenvolveram-se três protótipos e a versão final. A narrativa do jogo foi embasada no modelo de promoção, compreendendo aspectos individuais, benefícios e barreiras no comportamento para prevenção de quedas. A mecânica delineou objetivos e regras. A estética abrangeu layout e ilustrações. A tecnologia envolveu tabuleiro, cartas, pino, roleta e manual de instrução. O jogo foi avaliado por 36 especialistas e 31 idosas da comunidade, com índice de concordância de 93,22% e 99%, respectivamente. Conclusões: o jogo desenvolvido e testado foi considerado uma estratégia educacional adequada para prevenção de quedas.

Gerontecnologias e internet das coisas para prevenção de quedas em idosos: revisão integrativa / Gerontecnologías y internet de las cosas para prevención de caídas en adultos mayores: revisión integradora / Internet of things gerontechnology for fall prevention in older adults: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Identificar na literatura as gerontecnologias Internet das Coisas desenvolvidas para prevenção de acidentes por quedas em idosos. Métodos Revisão integrativa, realizada de janeiro a maio de 2020. Foram critérios de inclusão artigos, sem restrição de período ou idioma com indivíduos de 60 anos ou mais, que abordem a utilização de gerontecnologia Internet das Coisas para prevenção de quedas. Excluíram-se artigos duplicados. A busca foi realizada pela estratégia PIE (População, Intervenção, Efeito/Avaliação), resultando na pergunta: "Quais as gerontecnologias Internet das Coisas desenvolvidas para prevenção de acidentes por quedas em idosos disponíveis na literatura?". Foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus e Web of Science. Identificaram-se ano, tipo de estudo, país, profissionais envolvidos, desfecho, local de desenvolvimento e classificação em gerontecnologia Internet das Coisas e protótipos. Resultados Identificaram-se 23 gerontecnologias Internet das Coisas. Os anos de 2018 e 2019 apresentaram maiores números de publicações. Ocorreu predominância de estudos descritivos, por profissionais da ciência da computação e engenheiros e desenvolvidos na Europa, Ásia, América do Norte e Oceania. Encontraram-se oito gerontecnologias Internet das Coisas e 15 protótipos, sendo sete sensores, cinco dispositivos, três jogos sérios e sistemas, dois robôs e um exergames, realidade virtual e aplicativo. A maioria das gerontecnologias buscava melhora da mobilidade e equilíbrio, sendo cinco desenvolvidas em ambiente hospitalar e domiciliar, respectivamente. Conclusão As gerontecnologias Internet das Coisas podem ser utilizadas como recursos para auxiliar na prevenção de quedas e no fortalecimento da capacidade funcional. Todavia, fazem-se necessárias pesquisas futuras para analisar a eficácia deste tipo de tecnologia para prevenção de quedas em idosos.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar en la literatura las gerontecnologías internet de las cosas desarrolladas para la prevención accidentes por caídas en adultos mayores. Métodos Revisión integradora, realizada de enero a mayo de 2020. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos, sin restricción de período o idioma, con individuos de 60 años o más, que abordaran la utilización de gerontecnologías internet de las cosas para la prevención de caídas. Se excluyeron artículos duplicados. La búsqueda fue realizada mediante la estrategia PIE (población, intervención, efecto/evaluación), que dio como resultado la pregunta "¿Cuáles son las gerontecnologías internet de las cosas desarrolladas para la prevención de accidentes por caídas en adultos mayores disponibles en la literatura?". Se realizó en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus y Web of Science. Se identificó el año, tipo de estudio, país, profesionales involucrados, resultado, lugar de desarrollo y clasificación en gerontecnologías internet de las cosas. Resultados Se identificaron 23 gerontecnologías internet de las cosas. Los años 2018 y 2019 presentaron mayores números de publicaciones. Hubo predominancia de estudios descriptivos, por profesionales de ciencias de la comunicación e ingenieros y desarrollados en Europa, Asia, América del Norte y Oceanía. Se encontraron ocho gerontecnologías internet de las cosas y 15 prototipos, de los cuales siete eran sensores, cinco dispositivos, tres juegos serios y sistemas, dos robots y un exergames, realidad virtual y aplicación. La mayoría de los gerontecnologías buscaba una mejora de la movilidad y el equilibrio, de las cuales cinco fueron desarrolladas en ambiente hospitalario y domiciliario. Conclusión Las gerontecnologías internet de las cosas pueden ser utilizadas como recurso para ayudar en la prevención de caídas y en el fortalecimiento de la capacidad funcional. Sin embargo, es necesario llevar a cabo estudios futuros para analizar la eficacia de este tipo de tecnología para la prevención de caídas en adultos mayores.

Abstract Objective To identify in the literature the Internet of Things gerontechnology developed to prevent accidents by falls in older adults. Methods This integrative review was carried out from January to May 2020. Articles without period or language restriction with individuals aged 60 years or older addressing the use of Internet of Things gerontechnology for fall prevention were included. Duplicate articles were excluded. The search was performed by the PIE strategy (Population, Intervention, Effect/Assessment), resulting in the question: "What Internet of Things gerontechnology developed for accident prevention by falls in older adults available in the literature?". It was performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Year, type of study, country, professionals involved, outcome, development site and classification in Internet of Things gerontechnology and prototypes were identified. Results Twenty-three Internet of Things gerontechnology were identified. The years 2018 and 2019 had higher numbers of publications. There was a predominance of descriptive studies by computer science professionals and engineers and developed in Europe, Asia, North America and Oceania. Eight Internet of Things gerontechnology and 15 prototypes were found, seven sensors, five devices, three serious games and systems, two robots and one exergames, virtual reality and application. Most gerontechnology sought to improve mobility and balance, five of which were developed in the hospital and home environments, respectively. Conclusion The Internet of Things gerontechnology can be used as resources to assist in fall prevention and strengthening functional capacity. However, future research is needed to analyze the effectiveness of this type of technology for fall prevention in older adults.