RESUMO
The effects of increasing aflatoxin B1 concentration (0, 0.75, 1.5 mg/kg) on broilers with or without necrotic enteritis or virginiamycin were determined. In the 23-d study, 22 male Cobb 500 chicks per pen were allotted to 12 treatments (3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement) with 8 replications. Intestines of 5 birds per pen were examined for lesions on d 21. Birds were allowed to consume feed and water ad libitum. Aflatoxin was included in the diets from d 0. All birds received a 10× dose of coccidiosis vaccine on d 10. Pens of birds where necrotic enteritis was being induced were on Clostridium perfringens pathogen (CPP) contaminated litter from d 0. Aflatoxin decreased gain and feed intake and resulted in poorer feed:gain, increased mortality, and higher lesion scores. Inducing necrotic enteritis increased lesion scores and decreased feed intake and gain. Adding virginiamycin to the diets improved gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and decreased mortality. There was a 3-way interaction (aflatoxin × virginiamycin × CPP) on gain; increasing aflatoxin decreased gain and the effects of CPP and virginiamycin were dependent on aflatoxin concentration. In the absence of aflatoxin virginiamycin increased gain but was unable to prevent the growth suppression caused by CPP. At 0.75 mg/kg of aflatoxin virginiamycin no longer increased growth in non-CPP challenged birds but was able to increase growth in CPP-challenged birds. At the 1.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin concentration, virginiamycin increased gain in non-CPP-challenged birds but challenging birds with CPP had no effect on gain. Virginiamycin improved overall feed conversion with the greatest improvement at 1.5 mg/kg (aflatoxin × virginiamycin, P < 0.05). Aflatoxin increased lesion scores in unchallenged birds but not in challenged birds (aflatoxin × CPP, P < 0.001). Aflatoxin and necrotic enteritis decrease broiler performance and interact to decrease weight gain, virginiamycin helps improve gain in challenged birds at 0.75 mg/kg of aflatoxin, but not at 1.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin.
Assuntos
Aflatoxina B1/toxicidade , Galinhas , Enterite/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Virginiamicina/farmacologia , Envelhecimento , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Ingestão de Alimentos , Enterite/mortalidade , Enterite/patologia , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/mortalidade , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologiaRESUMO
Helical tomotherapy (HT) delivers intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using the simultaneous movement of the couch, the gantry and the binary multileaf collimator (MLC), a procedure that differs from conventional dynamic or step-and-shoot IMRT. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of HT in the helical mode therefore requires a new approach. Using validated phase-space files (PSFs) obtained through the MC simulation of the static mode with PENELOPE, an analytical model of the binary MLC, called the 'transfer function' (TF), was first devised to perform the transport of particles through the MLC much faster than time-consuming MC simulation and with no significant loss of accuracy. Second, a new tool, called TomoPen, was designed to simulate the helical mode by rotating and translating the initial coordinates and directions of the particles in the PSF according to the instantaneous position of the machine, transporting the particles through the MLC (in the instantaneous configuration defined by the sinogram), and computing the dose distribution in the CT structure using PENELOPE. Good agreement with measurements and with the treatment planning system of tomotherapy was obtained, with deviations generally well within 2%/1 mm, for the simulation of the helical mode for two commissioning procedures and a clinical plan calculated and measured in homogeneous conditions.
Assuntos
Aceleradores de Partículas , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/instrumentação , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada Espiral/métodos , Calibragem , Simulação por Computador , Elétrons , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Método de Monte Carlo , Radioterapia/métodos , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Software , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/instrumentação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
The authors reviewed the records of 10 men charged with patricide, including one charged with double parricide, all of whom had been examined at the Forensic Psychiatry Service of Bellevue Hospital from 1970 to 1983. Prior psychoses were documented in all subjects; nine were referred to as delusional. Four perceived their fathers as having posed threats of physical or psychological annihilation to them, and five saw paternal threats to their manhood. The 10th man allegedly killed his father during a drunken brawl.
Assuntos
Pai , Homicídio , Adulto , Intoxicação Alcoólica/psicologia , Psicologia Criminal , Delusões/psicologia , Relações Pai-Filho , Feminino , Psiquiatria Legal , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , ViolênciaRESUMO
Serious limitations exist in the delivery of mental health services to refugees throughout the resettlement process. Having survived harrowing physical and psychological traumas prior to reaching refugee camps, many refugees encounter mental health services in overseas camps that are characterized by fragmentation, instability, language barriers, and severe staff shortages. Refugees requiring mental health intervention after resettlement in the United States confront additional barriers, including frequent misdiagnosis, inappropriate use of interpreters and paraprofessionals, and culturally inappropriate treatment methods. Suggestions for improving mental health services for refugee populations emphasize modifying diagnostic assumptions and treatment approaches, recognizing potential problems associated with using interpreters and paraprofessionals, and examining the role of consultation, prevention, and outreach services in addressing refugee mental health concerns.
Assuntos
Aculturação , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/tendências , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/tendências , Transtornos Mentais/prevenção & controle , Refugiados/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The diagnosis and treatment of osteophyte-induced dysphagia can be both challenging and frustrating. DISH is a common finding in the adult population and, like the complaint of dysphagia, increases with age. Clearly, it is a small percentage of cervical osteophytes that present upper aerodigestive difficulties. After excluding other causes of dysphagia, conservative treatment is indicated in the initial management of this disorder and should relieve symptoms in the majority of patients. Surgical management should be reserved for severe and recalcitrant symptoms, and the patient must understand that surgery does not guarantee complete resolution of symptoms. Special thanks to Jerry Basto for his assistance in manuscript preparation.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Hiperostose Esquelética Difusa Idiopática/complicações , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Sulfato de Bário , Cinerradiografia , Transtornos de Deglutição/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperostose Esquelética Difusa Idiopática/diagnóstico , Hiperostose Esquelética Difusa Idiopática/fisiopatologia , Hiperostose Esquelética Difusa Idiopática/terapia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Metoclopramida/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1) vaccine against BHV-1 challenge-induced abortion and stillbirth. DESIGN: Prospective randomized control trial. ANIMALS: 20 cycling, nonpregnant, BHV-1 seronegative heifers of various breeds and weights, 12 to 15 months old. PROCEDURE: Heifers were randomly assigned to a vaccinate (n = 10) or nonvaccinate control (n = 10) group. Seventeen to 26 days after members of the vaccinate group received a second dose of vaccine, all heifers were artificially inseminated. Heifers were challenged intravenously with Cooper strain BHV-1 between days 177 and 187 of gestation. Aborted fetuses and stillborn calves were necropsied, and tissues collected for histologic examination and virus isolation. Heifers, calves, and fetuses were tested for BHV-1 antibody throughout the study. RESULTS: The difference in number of abortions or stillbirths between vaccinated heifers (1/10) and control heifers (10/10) was significant (P < 0.003). Seven of 10 control heifers had a virus neutralization antibody titer to BHV-1 at abortion or stillbirth that declined or remained unchanged from their titer at a previous serologic evaluation (7 to 66 days earlier). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Prebreeding vaccination of replacement heifers with modified-live BHV-1 vaccine provides fetal protection at 6 months of gestation (7 months after vaccination) and appears to be a reasonable precaution to control economic losses associated with BHV-1 infection. Abortions induced by BHV-1 are not necessarily associated with rising or markedly high virus neutralization antibody titers. These titers should be used cautiously when assessing the role of BHV-1 in bovine abortion and stillbirth.
Assuntos
Aborto Animal/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Morte Fetal/veterinária , Infecções por Herpesviridae/veterinária , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/imunologia , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bovinos , Feminino , Morte Fetal/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Herpesviridae/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Estudos Prospectivos , Vacinação/veterinária , Vacinas AtenuadasRESUMO
The relationship between need for approval and public and private self-disclosure was evaluated. Sixty female college students discussed their preferences for a steady date with a confederate in confidence or after having given permission for their comments to be cited in lectures or a book. The results showed that high-need-for-approval subjects revealed themselves more intimately in public than in private conditions wheras low- and moderate-need subjects disclosed more intimately in private than in public. The results not only demonstrated the strength of the effect of social evaluation on the behavior of high-need subjects, but also suggested that personality must be accounted for in self-disclosure research before factors influencing self-disclosure may be understood completely.
Assuntos
Personalidade , Autoimagem , Autorrevelação , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Meio SocialRESUMO
A study was conducted to characterize the aerosol found in turkey rearing confinements, to study biological response to inhalation of the aerosol, and to evaluate a water spray, dust suppression system in one confinement as compared to a control barn. A significant reduction in aerosol concentration in the "sprayed" barn was inferred by many environmental and biological sampling parameters. Similarity of physical and biological factors in both study populations, with the exception of the dust suppression system, implied that a mortality rate increase of 1.74 of control versus "sprayed" barn was directly related to aerosol concentration.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poeira/análise , Perus/fisiologia , Aerossóis , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Mycoplasma/imunologia , Tamanho da Partícula , Perus/microbiologiaRESUMO
A lathyrogen, [C14]aminopropionitrile (beta APN), was administered to 34 rats either in K-Y jelly or saline vehicles onto intact shaven skin or onto a healed splinted deep excision wound. The dynamics of beta APN transport and content in the skin or repair tissue was observed after 2, 5, 8, and 24 hr of topical administration. The repair tissue quickly absorbed the lathyrogen and reached maximum at the 2-hr sampling. The content of beta APN in the repair tissue was twice as high as that in K-Y jelly vehicle and remained high and stable for at least 24 hr only when beta APN was administered through a saline vehicle. The transport of beta APN through intact skin, irrespective of the vehicle tested, was slow and continuously increased. The study showed that almost 20% of the beta APN administered onto the wounded skin area was transported into the repair tissue within 2 hr. We suggest that, due to the absence of epidermal stratum corneum from the repair tissue, drugs, such as beta APN, penetrate quickly into the wound.
Assuntos
Aminopropionitrilo/farmacocinética , Cicatriz/metabolismo , Pele/metabolismo , Absorção , Administração Cutânea , Aminopropionitrilo/administração & dosagem , Animais , Radioisótopos de Carbono , Géis , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Cloreto de Sódio , Soluções , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Slaughter weight loss attributable to pregnancy in feedlot heifers was determined by immediate postmortem weighing of uteri and uterine contents of pregnant heifers. For each 10% pregnant animals within a group of slaughter heifers, the dressing percentage was reduced for the entire group by 0.66%.