HIV Testing in Non-Injection Drug Users: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and identify factors associated with lifetime testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in non-injection drug users (NIDU). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 323 individuals in clinics for chemical dependency in the state of Goiás in the Central-West region of Brazil. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with lifetime HIV testing. Testing for HIV was associated with age, female gender, crack use, history of sexually transmitted infections, acquaintance with people living with HIV/AIDS and/or who had died from AIDS, and history of having received some instruction on HIV/AIDS prevention methods. It was found that only 26.6% reported having access to the HIV rapid test. We concluded determinants for HIV testing must be taken into account when planning prevention and programming strategies. These include the widening of testing coverage among NIDU, educational health actions, establishment of links between sexually transmitted infection prevention services and addiction treatment services, and the use of rapid tests to help people who are in contact with the virus learn about their HIV status, enter treatment, and improve their quality of life.

Fatores associados ao tabagismo em pacientes pós-cirurgia bariátrica / Factors associated with tobacco smoking in post-bariatric surgery patients / Factores asociados al tabaquismo en pacientes de postoperatorio de cirugía bariátrica

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de tabagismo, dependência nicotínica e seus fatores associados em indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 303 pacientes bariátricos, realizado entre 2015 e 2016, em Catalão (Goiás). Utilizou-se questionário com variáveis sociodemográficas, condições de saúde e histórico familiar. Como variáveis preditoras para a presente pesquisa, considerou-se ser tabagista atualmente e ter elevada dependência nicotínica, com aglutinação dos níveis elevado e muito elevado de dependência, variáveis coletadas a partir do escore do instrumento Fargeström. Utilizou-se teste qui-quadrado, com valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Encontraram-se 50 pacientes (16,5%; IC95% 12,5-20,8) com consumo de tabaco nos últimos 30 dias. Associaram-se como fatores ao consumo dependente de cigarro: sexo (p<0,003), diagnóstico de ansiedade (p<0,008), histórico familiar de suicídio (p<0,013), dificuldades para dormir (p<0,007) e uso excessivo de álcool (p<0,045), com associação negativa para prática religiosa (p>0,038). Conclusão: A significativa prevalência de tabaco encontrada na população estudada associou-se a fatores como: sexo, comorbidades psíquica (depressão/ansiedade), histórico familiar de suicídio, dificuldade para dormir, e, negativamente, à prática religiosa.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence and associated factors in individuals submitted to bariatric surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 303 bariatric patients, performed between 2015 and 2016, in Catalão, Goiás State, Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic variables, health conditions and family history was used. Being currently smoker and having high nicotinic dependence, with agglutination of the high and very high levels of dependence, were taken as predictor variables for the present study, variables collected from the Fargeström instrument score. The chi-square test was adopted with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Tobacco consumption was found in 50 patients (16.5%; CI95% 12.5-20.8) within the past 30 days. The factors associated with tobacco smoking dependence were sex (p<0.003), anxiety diagnosis (p<0.008), family history of suicide (p<0.013), sleeping difficulties (p<0.007) and excessive alcohol use (p<0.045), with a negative correlation with religious practice (p>0.038). Conclusion: The significant prevalence of tobacco smoking found in this study was associated with factors such as sex, psychic comorbidities (depression/anxiety), family history of suicide, sleeping difficulty, and, negatively, with religious practice.

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de tabaquismo, la dependencia de nicotina y sus factores asociados en individuos que realizaron la cirugía bariátrica. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 303 pacientes de cirugía bariátrica realizado entre 2015 y 2016 en Catalão (Goiás). Se utilizó un cuestionario con las variables sociodemográficas, las condiciones de salud y el histórico familiar. Se consideró como variables predictoras para la presente investigación el hecho de fumar tabaco actualmente y tener elevada dependencia de nicotina con aglutinación de los niveles elevado y muy elevado de dependencia que son variables recogidas a partir de la puntuación del instrumento Fargeström. Se utilizó la prueba cui-cuadrado con el valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Se encontró 50 pacientes (16,5%; IC95% 12,5-20,8) con el consumo de tabaco en los últimos 30 días. Se asociaron como factores al consumo dependiente del cigarro: el sexo (p<0,003), el diagnóstico de ansiedad (p<0,008), el histórico familiar de suicidio (p<0,013) las dificultades de dormir (p<0,007) y el uso excesivo de alcohol (p<0,045) con asociación negativa para la práctica religiosa (p>0,038). Conclusión: La prevalencia significativa de tabaco encontrada en la población estudiada estuvo asociada con factores como el sexo, las comorbilidades psíquicas (depresión/ansiedad), el histórico familiar de suicidio, la dificultad de dormir y, negativamente, con la práctica religiosa.