RESUMO
An increase in HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been reported in eight regions of Spain from 2003 to 2007. In order to study the incidence of HIV-1 genetic forms in Galicia, northwest of Spain, in particular the spread of HIV-1 variants among MSM, 93 newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients, including those with acute and recently acquired infections, were studied for a year from August 2008 to August 2009. Thirty eight (41%) were MSM. Of them, nine (24%) were infected by non-B viruses, including seven different genetic forms. The analysis of transmission clusters showed that 23 (60%) MSM grouped in different clusters and mostly in large clusters. Resistance mutations were detected in six (16%) MSM.
Assuntos
Bissexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/classificação , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Farmacorresistência Viral , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , HIV-1/genética , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Sexo sem ProteçãoRESUMO
A new experimental colonial pattern and pattern transition observed in E. coli MG1655 swarming cells grown on semisolid agar are described. We present a reaction-diffusion model that, taking into account the slime generated by these cells and its influence on the bacterial differentiation and motion, reproduces the pattern and successfully predicts the observed changes when the colonial collective motility is limited. In spite of having small nonhyperflagellated swarming cells, under these experimental conditions E. coli MG1655 can very rapidly colonize a surface, with a low branching rate, thanks to a strong fluid production and a locally incremented density of motile, lubricating cells.