Arsenic interferes with spermatogenesis involving Rictor/mTORC2-mediated blood-testis barrier disruption in mice.

Ingestion of arsenic interferes with spermatogenesis and increases the risk of male infertility, but the underlying mechanism remines unclear. In this study, we investigated spermatogenic injury with a focus on blood-testis barrier (BTB) disruption by administrating 5 mg/L and 15 mg/L arsenic orally to adult male mice for 60 d. Our results showed that arsenic exposure reduced sperm quality, altered testicular architecture, and impaired Sertoli cell junctions at the BTB. Analysis of BTB junctional proteins revealed that arsenic intake downregulated Claudin-11 expression and increased protein levels of ß-catenin, N-cadherin, and Connexin-43. Aberrant localization of these membrane proteins was also observed in arsenic-treated mice. Meanwhile, arsenic exposure altered the components of Rictor/mTORC2 pathway in mouse testis, including inhibition of Rictor expression, reduced phosphorylation of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and protein kinase B (PKB), and elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels. Furthermore, arsenic also induced testicular lipid peroxidative damage, inhibited antioxidant enzyme (T-SOD) activity, and caused glutathione (GSH) depletion. Our findings suggest that disruption of BTB integrity is one of the main factors responsible for the decline in sperm quality caused by arsenic. PKCα-mediated rearrangement of actin filaments and PKB/MMP-9-increased barrier permeability jointly contribute to arsenic-induced BTB disruption.

Structural and chemical homogeneity of chalcogenide glass prepared by melt-rocking.

The chemical and structural homogeneity of selenide glasses produced by mechanical homogenization of the melt in a rocking furnace is investigated by Raman and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Both techniques demonstrate that the glass is macroscopically homogeneous along the entire length of a 6 cm rod. EDS imaging performed over four orders of magnitude in scale further confirms that the glass is homogeneous down to the sub-micron scale. An estimate of the diffusion coefficient from experimental viscosity data shows that the diffusion length is far larger than the resolution of EDS and therefore confirms that the glass is homogeneous at any length scale. In order to investigate a systematic mismatch in physical properties reported in the literature for glasses produced by extended static homogenization, two germanium selenide samples are produced under the same conditions except for the homogenization step: one in a rocking furnace for 10 h and the other in a static furnace for 192 h. No difference in physical properties is found between the two glasses. The properties of an ultra-high purity glass are also found to be identical. The origin of the systematic deviation reported in the literature for germanium selenide glasses is therefore still unknown, but the present results demonstrate that homogeneity or dryness does not have a significant contribution in contrast to previous suggestions. The implications of glass homogeneity for technological applications and industrial production are discussed.

Identifying candidate genes involved in osteoarthritis through bioinformatics analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to identify candidate genes and critical pathways involved in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Gene expression data of synovial membrane from OA patients and normal controls (NCs) were downloaded from database. Totally, 15 OA and 14 NC chips were available. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through limma package (log2 fold change >0.585, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING. Moreover, perturbation and pathway enrichment analyses were performed through PerturbationAnalyzer in Cytoscape (iterative criteria <1×e-10) and clusterProfiler package (FDR <0.05), respectively. RESULTS: Totally, 236 up-regulated and 290 down-regulated DEGs were identified. In PPI network, 10 hub genes were found, including VEGFA, IL6, JUN, IL1B, ICAM1, ATF3, IL8, EGR1, CDKN1A, and JUNB. After perturbation analysis, 32 DEGs were passively and significantly changed, like PISD, RARRES3, EIF4G1, and EPHA3. Furthermore, 526 DEGs were enriched in 176 pathways, and pathway cross-talk network was constructed, involving 12 pathways and 66 cross-talks. CONCLUSIONS: Pathways like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoclast differentiation, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction might play critical roles in OA, and previously unreported genes VEGFA, JUN, JUNB, PISD, RARRES3, EIF4G1, and EPHA3 might participate in OA, providing novel directions for drug targeting.

Te-based glass fiber for far-infrared biochemical sensing up to 16 µm.

Chalcogenide glass fibers are very suitable to carry out mid-infrared spectroscopy by Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS). Nowadays, selenide glasses are used for FEWS, but the reachable domain is limited in the infrared to typically 12 µm. Te-rich glasses, due to their heavy atomic weight, are better for far-infrared sensing but they crystallize easily and until now that was difficult to prepare operational optical fibers from such glasses. In this work, Te-Ge-AgI highly purified glasses have been prepared and successfully drawn into optical fiber. The minimum of attenuation is 3 dB/m around 10 µm, which is up to now the lowest value ever measured for Te-based fiber. Overall, such fibers open the sensing window up to 16 µm against 12 µm so far. Then, for the first time, tapered telluride fibers with different diameters at the sensing zone were obtained during the fiber drawing process. Chloroform and butter were used to test the fiber infrared sensing ability, and the sensitivity has been greatly enhanced as the sensing zone fiber diameter decreases. Finally, the new protocol of telluride glass preparation allows shaping them into efficient functional fibers, opening further in the mid-infrared which is essential for chemical spectroscopy.

Coagulation/co-catalytic membrane integrated system for fouling-resistant and efficient water purification.

Low-pressure catalytic membranes allow efficient rejection of particulates and simultaneously removing organics pollutant in water, but the accumulation of dissolved organic matters (DOM) on membrane surface, which cover the catalytic sites and cause membrane fouling, challenges their stable operation in practical wastewater treatment. Here we propose a ferric salt-based coagulation/co-catalytic membrane integrated system that can effectively mitigate the detrimental effects of DOM. Ferric salt (Fe3+) serving both as a DOM coagulant to lower the membrane fouling and as a co-catalyst with the membrane-embedded MoS2 nanosheets to drive perxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and pollutant degradation. The membrane functionalized with 2H-phased MoS2 nanosheets showed improved hydrophilicity and fouling resistance relative to the blank polysulfone membrane. Attributed to the DOM coagulation and co-catalytic generation of surface-bound radicals for decontamination at membrane surface, the catalytic membrane/PMS/ Fe3+ system showed much less membrane fouling and 2.6 times higher pollutant degradation rate in wastewater treatment than the catalytic membrane alone. Our work imply a great potential of coagulation/co-catalytic membrane integrated system for water purification application.

Arsenic disturbs neural tube closure involving AMPK/PKB-mTORC1-mediated autophagy in mice.

Arsenic exposure is a significant risk factor for folate-resistant neural tube defects (NTDs), but the potential mechanism is unclear. In this study, a mouse model of arsenic-induced NTDs was established to investigate how arsenic affects early neurogenesis leading to malformations. The results showed that in utero exposure to arsenic caused a decline in the normal embryos, an elevated embryo resorption, and a higher incidence of malformed embryos. Cranial and spinal deformities were the main malformation phenotypes observed. Meanwhile, arsenic-induced NTDs were accompanied by an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance manifested by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant activities. In addition, changes in the expression of autophagy-related genes and proteins (ULK1, Atg5, LC3B, p62) as well as an increase in autophagosomes were observed in arsenic-induced aberrant brain vesicles. Also, the components of the upstream pathway regulating autophagy (AMPK, PKB, mTOR, Raptor) were altered accordingly after arsenic exposure. Collectively, our findings propose a mechanism for arsenic-induced NTDs involving AMPK/PKB-mTORC1-mediated autophagy. Blocking autophagic cell death due to excessive autophagy provides a novel strategy for the prevention of folate-resistant NTDs, especially for arsenic-exposed populations.

From selenium- to tellurium-based glass optical fibers for infrared spectroscopies.

Chalcogenide glasses are based on sulfur, selenium and tellurium elements, and have been studied for several decades regarding different applications. Among them, selenide glasses exhibit excellent infrared transmission in the 1 to 15 µm region. Due to their good thermo-mechanical properties, these glasses could be easily shaped into optical devices such as lenses and optical fibers. During the past decade of research, selenide glass fibers have been proved to be suitable for infrared sensing in an original spectroscopic method named Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS). FEWS has provided very nice and promising results, for example for medical diagnosis. Then, some sophisticated fibers, also based on selenide glasses, were developed: rare-earth doped fibers and microstructured fibers. In parallel, the study of telluride glasses, which can have transmission up to 28 µm due to its atom heaviness, has been intensified thanks to the DARWIN mission led by the European Space Agency (ESA). The development of telluride glass fiber enables a successful observation of CO2 absorption band located around 15 µm. In this paper we review recent results obtained in the Glass and Ceramics Laboratory at Rennes on the development of selenide to telluride glass optical fibers, and their use for spectroscopy from the mid to the far infrared ranges.

[Effect of substrate temperature on structure and photoluminescence of ZnMgO films].

ZnMgO films were deposited on quartz glass substrates by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at different substrate temperatures (450-550 degrees C). The structural, surface morphological and optical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the substrate temperature has important effect on structural and optical characteristics. All the films have hexagonal wurtzite polycrystalline structures and the c-axis preferential orientation has an optimum temperature of 530 degrees C. The sample prepared at this temperature owns uniform grain size, smooth surface morphology and better crystalline quality. The width of deep-level emission decreases and the near band edge (NBE) ultraviolet emission peak appears with the increase in temperature by the PL spectrum. When the temperature arrives to 530 degrees C, a distinct NBE emission peak can be observed at 374. 5 nm, while the deep level emission is almost undetectable.

[Developing process and term analysis of WFAS standard: General Requirements for the Risk Control in the Safe Use of Acupuncture].

In order to promote the application of WFAS standard, General Requirements for the Risk Control in the Safe Use of Acupuncture and the safe practice of acupuncture technology worldwide, the paper introduces the developing process and main contents of this standard, explains the developing purpose, scope, ideas, methods and basis, and analyzes the definition of the relevant terms. Through strictly complied with the development procedure of standard, the terms related to acupuncture risk in this standard are defined. The connotations of 5 special terms are clarified, i.e. "acupuncture risks" "adverse events of acupuncture" "adverse reactions of acupuncture" "acupuncture accidents" and "acupuncture negligence". The range, rank, control flow and source of risk, as well as the control measures are determined. The standard extracts the underlying common problems and basic requirement of the safe practice of acupuncture so as to lay a framework for the development of the relevant technical standards of acupuncture.

Application of clinical value assessment of treatment protocols in guideline development: taking the WFAS Clinical Practice Guideline of Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Migraine as an example. / 治疗方案临床价值评估在指南制定中的应用.

To enhance the clinical applicability of guidelines and provide more effective guidance for clinical practice, a clinical value assessment was conducted during the development of the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS) Clinical Practice Guideline of Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Migraine, which involved the evaluation of 59 acupuncture and moxibustion treatment protocols from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This article introduced the methodology, content and results of the clinical value assessment of RCT-based acupuncture and moxibustion treatment protocols, which involved the integration of historical and contemporary medical evidence and expert consensus. It served as a methodological reference for the future development of acupuncture and moxibustion clinical practice guidelines.

Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

It is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and provide evidence-based medical support for acupuncture as a prophylactic treatment for migraines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to April 2022 are included in 14 databases. Pairwise meta-analysis is conducted using STATA software V14.0, while Windows Bayesian Inference Using Gibbs Sampling (WinBUGS V.1.4.3) is applied to generate Bayesian Network Meta-analysis (NMA) using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Forty RCTs are included, with 4405 participants. The effectiveness of six acupuncture techniques, three types of prophylactic drugs, and psychotherapy are compared and ranked. Acupuncture outperformed prophylactic drugs in terms of diminishing visual analog scale (VAS) score, migraine attack frequency, and days during the treatment and at the 12-week follow-up. At the 12-week follow-up, the effectiveness of various interventions is ranked as follows: manual acupuncture (MA) > electroacupuncture (EA) > calcium antagonists (CA) in reducing VAS score; MA > EA > CA in reducing migraine attack frequency; MA > EA > ß-receptor blocker and CA in reducing headache attack days. Acupuncture is a promising treatment for migraine prevention. The best option of acupuncture for improving various migraine outcomes has changed over time. However, the quality of included trials and NMA inconsistency limited the credibility of the conclusion.

Heavy-metal resistant bio-hybrid with biogenic ferrous sulfide nanoparticles: pH-regulated self-assembly and wastewater treatment application.

Self-assembled bio-hybrids with biogenic ferrous sulfide nanoparticles (bio-FeS) on the cell surface are attractive for reduction of toxic heavy metals due to higher activity than bare bacteria, but they still suffer from slow synthesis and regeneration of bio-FeS and bacterial activity decay for removal of high-concentration heavy metals. A further optimization of the bio-FeS synthesis process and properties is of vital importance to address this challenge. Herein, we present a simple pH-regulation strategy to enhance bio-FeS synthesis and elucidated the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Slightly raising the pH from 7.4 to 8.3 led to 1.5-fold higher sulfide generation rate due to upregulated expression of thiosulfate reduction-related genes, and triggered the formation of fine-sized bio-FeS (29.4 ± 6.1 nm). The resulting bio-hybrid exhibited significantly improved extracellular reduction activity and was successfully used for treatment of high-concentration chromium -containing wastewater (Cr(VI), 80 mg/L) at satisfactory efficiency and stability. Its feasibility for bio-augmented treatment of real Cr(VI)-rich electroplating wastewater was also demonstrated, showing no obvious activity decline during 7-day operation. Overall, our work provides new insights into the environmental-responses of bio-hybrid self-assembly process, and may have important implications for optimized application of bio-hybrid for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.

Clinical Value Analysis of High-Frequency Ultrasound Combined with Carpal Dorsiflexion Electrophysiological Detection in the Diagnosis of Early Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of ultrasound combined with electrophysiological examination in the diagnosis of early carpal tunnel syndrome, we aimed to provide a new EMG (electromyography) method for detecting early carpal tunnel syndrome by exploring the wrist back stretch position and electrophysiological examination. Methods: For the 82-lateral wrist (case group) of 62 patients with clinical symptoms or confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome and 40 normal healthy patients, neuroelectrophysiological measurements were performed using a Keypoint6.0 EMG evoked potentiometer, measuring each group twice: conventional position (before compression) and dorsal wrist extension position. The measures for each measurement included DSL, DML, and CAMP. Measure sensory conduction first and then measure motor conduction. The measurements were analyzed in a comprehensive comparative analysis. Combined ultrasound examination, the positive rate of combined ultrasound examination and electrophysiological examination was compared, respectively. Results: In the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) group, the anterior and posterior median nerve DSL was (4.27 ± 0.73) ms and (4.82 ± 0.65) ms, and SNAP was (13.32 ± 13.68) UV and (12.19 ± 11.04) UV; the median nerve (wrist-bunions) DML was (5.29 ± 1.26) ms and (5.54 ± 1.29) ms, and CMAP was (6.44 ± 2.40) mV and (6.21 ± 2.46) mV. Mid-median DSL and DM in the CTS group L were significantly longer than before compression; median nerve SNAP and CMAP were significantly reduced compared with before compression. Conclusion: Electrophysiological testing at the dorsal carpal extension position has high diagnostic value in the diagnosis of mild carpal tunnel syndrome. It helps to improve the diagnostic rate of early carpal tunnel syndrome, while providing a more accurate and effective EMG detection of early carpal tunnel syndrome, and combination examination of neuroelectrophysiology and ultrasound can improve the diagnosis rate of compression peripheral nerve diseases and clarify the site, nature, and scope of compression lesions, which is worthy of clinical application.

[WU Zhong-chao's clinical experience of "dredging stagnation and collaterals" acupuncture for migraine].

Professor WU Zhong-chao's clinical experience of "dredging stagnation and collaterals" acupuncture for migraine is summarized. Professor WU proposes that occiput-nape dysfunction, meridians-tendons dysfunction and stagnation of collaterals due to obstruction of excess-evil could lead to migraine. As such, migraine is treated by comprehensive treatment of adjusting occiput-nape functional zone, relaxing meridians-tendons and blood-letting combined with fire acupuncture.

[Problems in randomized controlled trial on acupuncture and moxibustion for migraine in the development of international standard of Guideline for Clinical Practice of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Migraine].

Regarding the development of international standard of Guideline for Clinical Practice of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Migraine, the existing problems of the design and methodology of randomized controlled trial (RCT) on acupuncture and moxibustion for migraine were summarized in views of participant, intervention, control, outcome and study design. Four directions need to be further explored, (1) research of adolescent migraine, special subtype of migraine and migraine in a special population; (2) research of the immediate analgesic effect of acupuncture and moxibuation at the attack stage of migraine and the therapeutic effect of migraine at each stage; (3) research on safety and health economics; (4) clinical trial registration of acupuncture and moxibustion. In study, the target population should be further determined and specialized, the diagnosis criteria of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine be generalized and concentrated, the staging and type division of disease be accurate, the intervention procedure be integrated, the control design be rationalized, the outcomes be validated, and the description of randomization and blinding be clarified.

[Study on key outcome indexes in treatment of migraine with acupuncture and moxibustion].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the key outcome indexes in treatment of migraine with acupuncture and moxibustion. METHODS: Using literature research, questionnaire survey and consensus conference, the key outcome indexes in treatment of migraine with acupuncture and moxibustion were screened and prioritized. RESULTS: The critical outcome indexes for the treatment in attack stage of migraine included 6 effectiveness outcome indexes (headache intensity, headache duration, headache relieve time, effectiveness and level of headache relief within 2 h, headache-related quality of life, level of headache relief within 24 h) and 1 safety outcome index (incidence of serious adverse reactions). The critical outcome indexes for prophylactic treatment included 6 effectiveness outcome indexes (headache day, headache frequency, headache intensity, effective rate, headache-related quality of life, health-related quality of life) and 1 safety outcome index (incidence of serious adverse reactions). CONCLUSION: In terms of the attack stage treatment and prophylactic treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion, the outcome indexes are different, among which, those can directly reflect the conditions of migraine should be optioned in priority. To assess the effectiveness of attack stage, the headache intensity is preferred, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and the preferred time is 2 hours after treatment. Regarding the effectiveness of prophylactic treatment, the headache day, headache frequency and headache intensity should be firstly considered in the assessment, in which, the preferred time for assessment is 12 weeks into treatment, while, the best time for follow-up should be 12 weeks after treatment completion. When the quality of life is considered, the migraine-specific quality of life questionnaire (MSQ) is the top option. For either the attack stage treatment or the prophylactic treatment, the high attention should be laid on the outcome indexes for safety and medical economics evaluation.

Catalytic Descriptor Exploration for Ru-Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts: Effect of Chlorine and Sulfur Addition.

As an important factor in the design of catalysts, catalytic descriptor exploration has emerged as a novel frontier in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, the underlying structure-activity relationships of Ru-based catalysts are theoretically studied to shed light on this area. Calculations of different competing reaction paths suggest that the HCO*-mediated path─because of two synergistic active sites─is more favorable than others. In addition, compared to unadulterated Ru catalysts, the presence of Cl enhances the hydrocarbon production, whereas the presence of S decreases it. After a systematic examination of a series of structure-activity relationships (42 in total), we found that both charge transfer and average charge difference of active Ru atoms are good descriptors for the binding stability of reactants. However, for reactivity the Gibbs free energy of the reactants performs better. More interestingly, due to the quite different catalytic processes of the dissociation and hydrogenation steps, their correlations have opposite slopes.

Anaerobic self-assembly of a regenerable bacteria-quantum dot hybrid for solar hydrogen production.

Inorganic-biological hybrid systems (bio-hybrids), comprising fermentative bacteria and inorganic semiconductor photosensitizers for synergistic utilization of solar energy and organic wastes, offer opportunities for sustainable fuel biosynthesis, but the low quantum efficiency, photosensitizer biotoxicity and inability for self-regeneration are remaining hurdles to practical application. Here, we unveil a previously neglected role of oxygen in suppressing the biosynthesis of cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) and the metabolic activities of Escherichia coli, and accordingly propose a simple oxygen-regulation strategy to enable the self-assembly of bacterial-QD hybrids for efficient solar hydrogen production. Shifting from aerobic to anaerobic biosynthesis significantly lowered the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and increased NADPH and thiol-protein production, enabling a two-order-of-magnitude higher bio-QD synthesis rate and resulting in CdSe-rich products. Bacteria with abundant biocompatible intracellular bio-QDs naturally formed a highly active and self-regenerable bio-hybrid and achieved a quantum efficiency of 28.7% for hydrogen production under visible light, outperforming all the existing bio-hybrids. It also exhibited high stability during cyclic operation and robust performance for treating real wastewater under simulated sunlight. Our work provides valuable new insights into the metallic nanomaterial biosynthesis process to guide the design of self-assembled bio-hybrids towards sustainable energy and environmental applications.

Characteristics and quality of clinical practice guidelines addressing acupuncture interventions: a systematic survey of 133 guidelines and 433 acupuncture recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarise acupuncture-related Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs)'s clinical and methodological characteristics and critically appraise their methodology quality. DESIGN: We summarised the characteristics of the guidelines and recommendations and evaluated their methodological quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument. DATA SOURCES: Nine databases were searched from 1 January 2010 to 20 September 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: We included the latest version of acupuncture CPGs, which must have used at least one systematic review addressing the benefits and harms of alternative care options to inform acupuncture recommendations. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Reviewers, working in pairs, independently screened and extracted data. When there are statistical differences among types of CPGs, we reported the data by type in the text, but when not, we reported the overall data. RESULTS: Of the 133 eligible guidelines, musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases proved the most commonly addressed therapeutic areas. According to the AGREE II instrument, the CPG was moderate quality in the domain of clarity of scope and purpose, clarity of presentation, the rigour of development, stakeholder involvement and low quality in editorial independence, and applicability. The study identified 433 acupuncture-related recommendations; 380 recommended the use of acupuncture, 28 recommended against the use of acupuncture and 25 considered acupuncture but did not make recommendations. Of the 303 recommendations that used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to determine the strength of recommendations, 152 were weak recommendations, 131 were strong recommendations, of which 104 were supported by low or very low certainty evidence (discordant recommendations). CONCLUSION: In the past 10 years, a large number of CPGs addressing acupuncture interventions exist. Although these guidelines may be as or more rigorous than many others, considerable room for improvement remains.

[Fluorescence properties of urban water bodies of Beijing].

"Fluorescence fingerprint" of water body based on fluorescence excitation-emission matrix has been a novel and valuable method to exhibit the organics details. In the present study, the fluorescence matrixes of urban water bodies of Beijing were investigated. The experimental results showed that these matrixes could be divided into 3 groups: Type I owned two fluorescence centers, locating at lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 275-280/340 and 225-230/340 nm respectively, and was the predominant group; fluorescence centers of Type II located at lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 280/345-365 and 245/380 nm; Type II had four fluorescence centers around 275/305, 275/340, 225/305 and 225/340 nm. The fingerprints indicated that these water bodies had been disturbed by human activities. Type I and Type III were transitional fingerprints between undisturbed water body and sewage wastewater and Type III was closer to sewage wastewater. Type II closely originated from reclaimed water of municipal wastewater treatment plant. These three types were main types of urban water bodies where domestic pollution was dominating. The fluorescence fingerprints clearly displayed the ubiquitous impacts of human activities and the resulting potential risk. Fluorescence fingerprint could display pollution information and serve as a possible diagnosis tool of pollution source.