Aggregation-Induced Emission and Temperature-Dependent Luminescence of Potassium Perylenetetracarboxylate.

Investigation of temperature-dependent photoluminescent properties of potassium perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylate (K4PTC), a molecule with no internal rotational degrees of freedom, shows aggregation-induced enhanced emission at room temperature. The different excitonic emission processes are dependent of temperature, some of which quenches in an intermediate temperature range (from 50 to 150 K). The exciton excited states switching phenomenon from "dark" to "bright" states is observed and its explained using Herzberg-Teller selection rule. K4PTC is a molecule comparable to the size of its precursor, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic anhydride (PTCDA) and is highly soluble in water, contrary to PTCDA, which is poorly soluble in most solvents. Powder x-ray diffraction measurements corroborate a lesser degree of ordering of bulk K4PTC compared to bulk PTCDA. The green luminescent molecule could, in principle, be used as a biomarker, or in photodynamic therapy, if further studies show relatively low toxicity.

Fluorescence of a Natural Fluorophore as a Key to Improve Fingerprint Contrast Image.

The optical and morphological properties of resveratrol were investigated. This nontoxic fluorescent natural material, emitting in the visible blue light, was used as an optical marker, enabling the enhancement of the image contrast coming from relief pictures marked on challenging surfaces. By applying appropriated imaging softwares, this marker was verified to be very useful in the latent fingerprint recognition deposited on different wood surface types, mainly those with high level of roughness, where conventional forensic materials do not allow effective fingerprint image visualization.

Light transmission through porcelain.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effect of shade and thickness of porcelain in light transmission. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight disks of Duceram porcelain were made to combine four different thicknesses (1.5; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 mm) and eight shades (A(1); A(4); B(1); B(4); C(1); C(4); D(2); D(4)). A digital power meter (Newport Optical Power Meter was used to measure light transmission. The porcelain transmission coefficient was calculated using Lambert-Beer law, t(c)=Ce(-alphad), where t(c) is the transmission coefficient, C the contribution factor of the reflection coefficient, e a constant, alpha the absorption coefficient and d is the sample thickness. RESULTS: The transmission coefficients did not vary statistically in relation to the two visible light-curing units studied. From all the samples, the colors A(1) and D(2), thickness 1.5 mm, presented the highest percentages of transmission (8%) and the shades, A(4), B(4) and C(4), thickness 4 mm, the lowest (0.5%). The relationship between the Naperian logarithm of the transmission coefficient and the samples thickness followed the Lambert-Beer law. The linear adjustment of the experimental points of the two variables, showed the absorption coefficient (alpha) and the constant value related to the reflection (C) of each porcelain shade. The reflection coefficient values of all shades did not vary statistically among themselves. SIGNIFICANCE: For most shades there was a significant decrease in light transmission as the sample porcelain thickness increased. For the same thickness most shades presented statistical difference between the transmission coefficients. However, the larger the thickness, the higher the number of shades which, statistically, showed no difference.

LED and Halogen Light Transmission through a CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic.

The effect of thickness, shade and translucency of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic on light transmission of light-emitting diode (LED) and quartz-tungsten-halogen units (QTH) were evaluated. Ceramic IPS e.max CAD shades A1, A2, A3, A3.5, high (HT) and low (LT) translucency were cut (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm). Light sources emission spectra were determined. Light intensity incident and transmitted through each ceramic sample was measured to determine light transmission percentage (TP). Statistical analysis used a linear regression model. There was significant interaction between light source and ceramic translucency (p=0.008) and strong negative correlation (R=-0.845, p<0.001) between ceramic thickness and TP. Increasing one unit in thickness led to 3.17 reduction in TP. There was no significant difference in TP (p=0.124) between shades A1 (ß1=0) and A2 (ß1=-0.45) but significant reduction occurred for A3 (ß1=-0.83) and A3.5 (ß1=-2.18). The interaction QTH/HT provided higher TP (ß1=0) than LED/HT (ß1=-2.92), QTH/LT (ß1=-3.75) and LED/LT (ß1=-5.58). Light transmission was more effective using halogen source and high-translucency ceramics, decreased as the ceramic thickness increased and was higher for the lighter shades, A1 and A2. From the regression model (R2=0.85), an equation was obtained to estimate TP value using each variable ß1 found. A maximum TP of 25% for QTH and 20% for LED was found, suggesting that ceramic light attenuation could compromise light cured and dual cure resin cements polymerization.

LED and Halogen Light Transmission through a CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic

The effect of thickness, shade and translucency of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic on light transmission of light-emitting diode (LED) and quartz-tungsten-halogen units (QTH) were evaluated. Ceramic IPS e.max CAD shades A1, A2, A3, A3.5, high (HT) and low (LT) translucency were cut (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm). Light sources emission spectra were determined. Light intensity incident and transmitted through each ceramic sample was measured to determine light transmission percentage (TP). Statistical analysis used a linear regression model. There was significant interaction between light source and ceramic translucency (p=0.008) and strong negative correlation (R=-0.845, p<0.001) between ceramic thickness and TP. Increasing one unit in thickness led to 3.17 reduction in TP. There was no significant difference in TP (p=0.124) between shades A1 (ß1=0) and A2 (ß1=-0.45) but significant reduction occurred for A3 (ß1=-0.83) and A3.5 (ß1=-2.18). The interaction QTH/HT provided higher TP (ß1=0) than LED/HT (ß1=-2.92), QTH/LT (ß1=-3.75) and LED/LT (ß1=-5.58). Light transmission was more effective using halogen source and high-translucency ceramics, decreased as the ceramic thickness increased and was higher for the lighter shades, A1 and A2. From the regression model (R2=0.85), an equation was obtained to estimate TP value using each variable ß1 found. A maximum TP of 25% for QTH and 20% for LED was found, suggesting that ceramic light attenuation could compromise light cured and dual cure resin cements polymerization.

Resumo Avaliou-se o efeito da espessura, cor e translucidez de uma cerâmica vítrea a base de dissilicato de lítio para CAD / CAM sobre a transmissão da luz de unidades de diodos emissores de luz (LED) e de quartzo-tungstênio-halogênio (QTH). Cerâmica IPS e.max CAD nas cores A1, A2, A3, A3.5 de translucidez alta (HT) e baixa (LT) foram cortadas (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm). Os espectros de emissão das fontes de luz foram determinados. A intensidade da luz incidente e transmitida através de cada espécime de cerâmica foi medida para determinar a percentagem de transmissão de luz (TP). Um modelo de regressão linear foi utilizado para a análise estatística. Houve interação significativa entre a fonte de luz e translucidez cerâmica (p = 0.008) e forte correlação negativa (r = -0.845, p <0.001) entre a espessura da cerâmica e TP. O aumento da espessura em uma unidade levou a uma redução média de 3.17 em TP. Não houve diferença significativa em TP (p = 0.124) entre as cores A1 (ß1 = 0) e A2 (ß1 = -0.45), mas ocorreu redução significativa para as cores A3 (ß1 = -0.83) e A3.5 (ß1 = -2.18). A interação QTH/HT proporcionou maior TP (ß1 = 0) do que LED/HT (ß1 = -2.92), QTH/LT (ß1 = -3.75) e LED/LT (ß1 = -5.58). A transmissão de luz foi mais eficaz utilizando QTH e cerâmica de alta translucidez, diminuiu à medida que a espessura de cerâmica aumentou, e foi maior para as cores A1 e A2. A partir do modelo de regressão (R2 = 0.85), obteve-se uma equação para estimar o valor de TP utilizando os valores de ß1 encontrado. Foi observada TP máxima de 25% para QTH e 20% para LED, sugerindo que a atenuação promovida pela cerâmica pode comprometer a ativação de um cimento resinoso fotoativado e de ativação dupla.

Espectrofotometria de lentes oftálmicas filtrantes coloridas sob radiação ultravioleta a e luz visível / Spectrophotometry of ophthalmic filtering color lenses under ultraviolet radiation and visible light

OBJETIVO: Determinar a transmitância das lentes oftálmicas filtrantes coloridas submetidas à radiação UV A e luz visível e comparar seus resultados na faixa de comprimento de onda compreendida entre 320 e 800 nanômetros (nm). MÉTODOS: Análise espectrofotométrica das lentes filtrantes amarela 1, laranja, verde e fumê da marca "Danny" e amarela 2 da marca "Rio de Janeiro", disponíveis em nosso meio, utilizando-se espectrofotômetro Modelo 6.400, marca JEM Way. RESULTADOS: Todas as lentes estudadas apresentaram padrões de transmitância bastante individualizados, com curvas variáveis para os diversos comprimentos de onda. Na faixa espectrofotométrica de 320 a 400 nm, todas as lentes apresentaram transmitância inferior a 4 por cento sendo que a lente amarela 1 apresentou a maior média (3,7 por cento) ao passo que a fumê apresentou a menor média 0,45 por cento. Contudo não foi observado uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre estas lentes; a lente amarela 2 mostrou melhor proteção em comparação à lente amarela 1 e a laranja. Na análise espectrofotométrica realizada em diferentes posições da mesma lente constatou-se diversidade na curva de variância, apesar de não demonstrar diferença estatisticamente significativa. CONCLUSÕES: Para se indicar um filtro com segurança, as propriedades espectrais do filtro devem ser determinadas pela análise espectrofotométrica. É mais importante a capacidade de filtrar radiações luminosas do que somente ser colorido ou não.