Indirect x-ray photodesorption of N215 and CO13 from mixed and layered ices.

X-ray photodesorption yields of N215 and CO13 are derived as a function of the incident photon energy near the N (∼400 eV) and O K-edge (∼500 eV) for pure N215 ice and mixed CO13:N215 ices. The photodesorption spectra from the mixed ices reveal an indirect desorption mechanism for which the desorption of N215 and CO13 is triggered by the photoabsorption of CO13 and N215, respectively. This mechanism is confirmed by the x-ray photodesorption of CO13 from a layered CO13/N215 ice irradiated at 401 eV on the N 1s → π* transition of N215. This latter experiment enables us to quantify the relevant depth involved in the indirect desorption process, which is found to be 30-40 monolayers in that case. This value is further related to the energy transport of Auger electrons emitted from the photoabsorbing N215 molecules that scatter toward the ice surface, inducing the desorption of CO13. The photodesorption yields corrected from the energy that can participate in the desorption process (expressed in molecules desorbed by eV deposited) do not depend on the photon energy; hence, they depend neither on the photoabsorbing molecule nor on its state after Auger decay. This demonstrates that x-ray induced electron stimulated desorption, mediated by Auger scattering, is the dominant process explaining the desorption of N215 and CO13 from the ices studied in this work.

Inverse relationship between diffusion coefficient and mass for a free particle system: Approach by using maximum caliber principle and Monte Carlo simulations.

A derivation of the diffusion equation is presented using the maximum caliber principle and the continuity equation for a system composed of paths traveled by a free particle in a time interval. By identifying the diffusion coefficient in the obtained diffusion equation, it is shown that there is an inverse proportionality relationship concerning the particle's mass so that a higher mass is related to lower diffusion, and the lower mass is connected to the higher diffusion. This relationship is also shown using Monte Carlo simulations to sample the path space for a free particle system and then using the time slicing equation to obtain the probability of the particle position for each time showing the diffusion behavior for different masses.

Indoor PM2.5 removal efficiency of two different non-thermal plasma systems.

The use of non-thermal plasma (NTP) generators in air processing systems and their duct networks to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) has grown considerably in recent years. This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of NTP generators for IAQ improvement in biological, chemical and particulate pollutant terms. Also, it assesses and compares the ability of a multipin corona discharge (MPCD) and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) generator to reduce the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in recycled, unfiltered air in a refrigeration chamber. The MPCD generator was found to have a higher PM2.5 removal efficiency; also, it was faster in removing pollutants, used less energy, and produced much less ozone. The fact that the MPCD generator performed better was seemingly the result of its increased ion production mainly. NTP generators, however, cannot match air filtration media purifiers in this respect as the latter are much more effective in removing particles. Besides, NTP-based air purifying technology continues to be subject to a major drawback, namely: the formation of ozone as a by-product. In any case, the ozone generation was uncorrelated to ion emission when using different technologies.

Anatomical variations of the mandibular canal and their clinical implications in dental practice: a literature review.

INTRODUCTION: The anatomical variations of the mandibular canal have been described according to the number of additional branches it presents, bifid and trifid. Within the bifids we can also find subtypes of variations such as the retromolar mandibular canal. These anatomical variations can have important clinical implications for the work of dental professionals. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was carried out in different databases that met the following criteria: articles published between 2000 and 2020, and articles that established a clinical correlation with variations in the mandibular canal. RESULTS: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 articles were obtained, in which the variations of the mandibular canal were identified, their prevalence and incidence, which was very varied between the different articles, it was also found that the CBCT was the main technique to identify the anatomical variations of the mandibular canal. Lastly, the anatomical variations of the mandibular canal have a direct clinical correlation with pre-surgical, intra-surgical and postsurgical complications in pathologies that require surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical variations of the mandibular canal have a high incidence, so knowing them is of vital importance both for clinicians and anatomy professors who provide morphological training. We believe that research should focus on describing and diagnosing the causes of these anatomical variations. That said, there is also a continuous challenge for all health professionals to learn about the different anatomical variations that the human body presents and how these can affect clinical practice.

Surgery with and without adjuvant radiotherapy is associated with similar survival in T4 colon cancer.

AIM: There is little evidence regarding the role of adjuvant radiotherapy for colon cancer. Despite this, national consensus guidelines recommend consideration of radiation for patients with T4 colon cancer. Large comparative studies may be beneficial in clarifying the potential benefit of postoperative radiation for this cohort. METHOD: We compared the overall survival between patients treated with surgery with and without adjuvant radiation using the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER), as well as disease-specific survival using SEER. Cox proportional hazards models and propensity score matching were used to adjust for relevant confounders. RESULTS: There were a total of 18 776 patients in the NCDB cohort and 9926 patients in the SEER cohort. After propensity score matching, there was no statistically significant difference in overall mortality between surgery with and without radiation in the NCDB [hazard ratio (HR) 1.11; 95% CI 0.93-1.31; P = 0.25] or in SEER (HR 1.20; 95% CI 0.84-1.72; P = 0.32). Additionally, using SEER, we found no statistically significant difference in disease-specific mortality between these two groups (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.76-1.67; P = 0.54). CONCLUSION: Using the NCDB and SEER, we found no statistically significant difference in overall survival or disease-specific survival between patients treated with and without adjuvant radiation. Further studies should evaluate the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on local control and prevention of recurrence-related morbidity in patients with T4 colon cancer.

The associations between menopausal symptoms and sleep quality in Spanish postmenopausal women.

Objectives: Around the menopause, sleep disturbances frequently occur or worsen and are associated with decreased health quality and physical and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to analyze sleep quality and its association with the impact of menopausal symptoms in Spanish postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 278 postmenopausal women (age 60.95 ± 8.01 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. The Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS) and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) were used to analyze sleep quality and severity of menopausal symptoms, respectively. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: The linear regression showed that a greater impact of menopausal symptoms (MRS total score) was associated with worse scores regarding sleep adequacy (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.056), snoring (p = 0.020, R2 = 0.036), awaken short of breath (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.089), and quantity of sleep (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.075) domains. Anxiety (p < 0.001) and worse somatic symptoms (p = 0.001) were related to greater sleep disturbances (R2 = 0.164). We also found relationships of heightened psychological symptoms (p < 0.001) and low physical activity level (p = 0.003) with increased daytime somnolence (R2 = 0.064). Finally, higher MRS total score and anxiety levels were associated with worse sleep quality assessed by MOS-SS Sleep Problems Index I (R2 = 0.179, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and Sleep Problems Index II (R2 = 0.146, p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). Conclusions: Anxiety and severity of menopausal symptoms were associated with poorer sleep quality. Furthermore, low physical activity level and worse psychological symptoms in menopause were predictors for increased somnolence. Therefore, screening for these factors in postmenopausal women is important, since they may be susceptible for intervention.

Stability of carboplatin infusion solutions used in desensitization protocol.

Carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions are one of the major clinical challenges in treating patients with relapse/recurrent ovarian malignancies. Desensitization protocols allow the continuation of treatment in patients who have presented hypersensitivity reactions by gradually re-introducing small amounts of the drug up to full therapeutic doses. Carboplatin desensitization protocol is based on three solutions that are usually prepared in the chemotherapy centralized units of hospital pharmacies. First and second solutions are diluted under the established concentration limit to guarantee the stability of the preparation. We developed a specific high-performance liquid chromatography assay to determine the stability of carboplatin infusion solutions that have been diluted to 0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL in 250 mL of 5% dextrose in polypropylene infusion bags which were stored 24 h protected from light at room temperature. Samples were withdrawn at t = 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h. The analytical column was a Zorbax eclipse XDB-C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 µm particle size). The mobile phase had a flow rate of 1 mL/min under isocratic conditions of water-methanol (98:2, v/v). For 0.2 mg/mL solution, the high-performance liquid chromatography assay revealed no significant losses in carboplatin concentration. However, in 0.02 mg/mL solution remaining carboplatin was > 105% the initial dose after 3 h of storage at room temperature. The ultraviolet-visible spectra analysis showed that carboplatin remained intact during the study in 0.2 mg/mL solution, but some changes were detected in 0.02 mg/mL solution. Thus, 0.2 mg/mL carboplatin solution is stable for 24 h at room temperature in 5% dextrose polypropylene infusion bags but stability could not be proved for 0.02 mg/mL solution.

Demonstration of Single-Barium-Ion Sensitivity for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging.

A new method to tag the barium daughter in the double-beta decay of ^{136}Xe is reported. Using the technique of single molecule fluorescent imaging (SMFI), individual barium dication (Ba^{++}) resolution at a transparent scanning surface is demonstrated. A single-step photobleach confirms the single ion interpretation. Individual ions are localized with superresolution (∼2 nm), and detected with a statistical significance of 12.9σ over backgrounds. This lays the foundation for a new and potentially background-free neutrinoless double-beta decay technology, based on SMFI coupled to high pressure xenon gas time projection chambers.

miR15a and miR16 in Chilean type 1 diabetes patients: possible association with apoptosis, inflammatory, or autoimmunity markers.

AIM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the progressive destruction of ß cells, mediated by the interaction between T cells and several cytokines. The pathogenesis of T1D has established its possible relationship with miRNAs. In this study, we analyze the expression profile of miR-15a and miR-16 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their possible association with apoptosis, inflammation, or autoimmunity markers. PATIENTS AND METHODOLOGY: 38 T1D patients and 41 control subjects were recruited. mRNAs were analyzed by means of qPCR and TaqMan probes. PBMCs were treated with different concentrations of glucose (baseline, 11 and 25 mM) with or without an inflammatory stimulus as TNF-α (10 ng/ml). RESULTS: A decrease in the levels of the miR-15a expression in basal conditions is observed in T1D patients compared to healthy control subjects (relative units 0.5 vs. 1.8, p < 0.05). This change in miR-15a and miR-16 is not affected by the addition of TNF-α. No association is observed with inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, vCAM) or apoptosis (bcl2 expression). The relationship with immunological markers shows an interaction effect between miR16 and IA-2 (p < 0.03). CONCLUSION: TNF-α does not affect the expression profile of miR-15a and miR16 in PBMCs. A weak correlation is observed between miR-16 and with the autoimmunity profile (IA-2 autoantibody).

miR15a and miR16 in Chilean type 1 diabetes patients: possible association with apoptosis, inflammatory, or autoimmunity markers.

AIM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the progressive destruction of ß cells, mediated by the interaction between T cells and several cytokines. The pathogenesis of T1D has established its possible relationship with miRNAs. In this study, we analyze the expression profile of miR-15a and miR-16 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their possible association with apoptosis, inflammation, or autoimmunity markers. PATIENTS AND METHODOLOGY: 38 T1D patients and 41 control subjects were recruited. mRNAs were analyzed by means of qPCR and TaqMan probes. PBMCs were treated with different concentrations of glucose (baseline, 11 and 25 mM) with or without an inflammatory stimulus as TNF-α (10 ng/ml). RESULTS: A decrease in the levels of the miR-15a expression in basal conditions is observed in T1D patients compared to healthy control subjects (relative units 0.5 vs. 1.8, p < 0.05). This change in miR-15a and miR-16 is not affected by the addition of TNF-α. No association is observed with inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, vCAM) or apoptosis (bcl2 expression). The relationship with immunological markers shows an interaction effect between miR16 and IA-2 (p < 0.03). CONCLUSION: TNF-α does not affect the expression profile of miR-15a and miR16 in PBMCs. A weak correlation is observed between miR-16 and with the autoimmunity profile (IA-2 autoantibody).

Identification and functional characterisation of genetic variants in OLFM2 in children with developmental eye disorders.

Anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and coloboma are a genetically heterogeneous spectrum of developmental eye disorders and affect around 30 per 100,000 live births. OLFM2 encodes a secreted glycoprotein belonging to the noelin family of olfactomedin domain-containing proteins that modulate the timing of neuronal differentiation during development. OLFM2 SNPs have been associated with open angle glaucoma in a case-control study, and knockdown of Olfm2 in zebrafish results in reduced eye size. From a cohort of 258 individuals with developmental eye anomalies, we identified two with heterozygous variants in OLFM2: an individual with bilateral microphthalmia carrying a de novo 19p13.2 microdeletion involving OLFM2 and a second individual with unilateral microphthalmia and contralateral coloboma who had a novel single base change in the 5' untranslated region. Dual luciferase assays demonstrated that the latter variant causes a significant decrease in expression of OLFM2. Furthermore, RNA in situ hybridisation experiments using human developmental tissue revealed expression in relevant structures, including the lens vesicle and optic cup. Our study indicates that OLFM2 is likely to be important in mammalian eye development and disease and should be considered as a gene for human ocular anomalies.

Impact of aspirin on trophoblastic invasion in women with abnormal uterine artery Doppler at 11-14 weeks: a randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: Defective trophoblastic invasion is a key feature in many cases of pre-eclampsia (PE). Uterine artery (UtA) Doppler is a validated non-invasive proxy for trophoblastic invasion. The aim of this study was to explore whether low-dose aspirin, administered from the first trimester, improves trophoblastic invasion, evaluated by UtA Doppler during the second and third trimesters in women defined as high risk by abnormal first-trimester UtA Doppler. METHODS: This randomized Phase-II study had a triple-blind, parallel-arm, controlled design. Singleton pregnancies with abnormal mean UtA Doppler at 11-14 weeks and absence of other major risk factors for PE received 150 mg extended-release aspirin or identical-appearing placebo tablets from study inclusion to 28 weeks. Main outcome measure was UtA pulsatility index (PI) at 28 weeks' gestation. Secondary outcomes included frequency of development of PE and growth restriction/small-for-gestational age (SGA). RESULTS: A total of 155 women completed the follow-up and were analyzed. No difference in mean UtA-PI was found between women in the aspirin and placebo groups at 28 weeks (mean UtA-PI Z-score (mean ± SD), 0.99 ± 1.48 vs 0.85 ± 1.25; P = 0.52). Seven women developed PE: four (5%) in the aspirin group and three (4%) in the placebo group. There was a trend toward lower incidence of SGA in the aspirin group (8.8% vs 17.3%; P = 0.11). CONCLUSION: In women with defective trophoblastic invasion, as reflected by abnormal UtA Doppler, low-dose aspirin started in the first trimester does not have a significant effect on UtA impedance as pregnancy progresses; however, the study was underpowered to detect potential small effects . Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

[Generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski: A case report followed over 11 years]. / Kératoacanthomes généralisés multiples de Grzybowski : suivi d'un cas clinique sur 11 ans.

Since 1950, the year of Grzybowski's syndrome description by Marian Grzybowski in Warsaw, 30 cases have been described in the literature. This syndrome belongs to the family of multiple generalized keratoacanthomas (KA). It occurs in adults between 50 and 70 years. Clinically, it presents as a rash of hundreds or thousands of small papules 1 to 2mm with well-defined, sometimes keratotic center. The onset is sudden, the evolution is progressive and chronic. It is accompanied by severe and persistent pruritus. There is no family history of KA and histology is compatible with that of KA. Other criteria may be present to varying degrees: the type of facial rash Mask of Zorro, mucosal rash, ectropion, the presence of crater-like lesions. We studied the case of a 58-year-old patient followed in the plastic surgery department of Nîmes' hospital for excision of several skin tumors as part of a Grzybowski's syndrome evolving since 2005. Its handling global and multidisciplinary treatments combining early surgical and complex medical treatments represents a therapeutic challenge.

HGF/c-Met signaling promotes liver progenitor cell migration and invasion by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-independent, phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase-dependent pathway in an in vitro model.

Oval cells constitute an interesting hepatic cell population. They contribute to sustain liver regeneration during chronic liver damage, but in doing this they can be target of malignant conversion and become tumor-initiating cells and drive hepatocarcinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms beneath either their pro-regenerative or pro-tumorigenic potential are still poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of the HGF/c-Met pathway in regulation of oval cell migratory and invasive properties. Our results show that HGF induces c-Met-dependent oval cell migration both in normal culture conditions and after in vitro wounding. HGF-triggered migration involves F-actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which is also evidenced by activation of Rac1. Furthermore, HGF causes ZO-1 translocation from cell-cell contact sites to cytoplasm and its concomitant activation by phosphorylation. However, no loss of expression of cell-cell adhesion proteins, including E-cadherin, ZO-1 and Occludin-1, is observed. Additionally, migration does not lead to cell dispersal but to a characteristic organized pattern in rows, in turn associated with Golgi compaction, providing strong evidence of a morphogenic collective migration. Besides migration, HGF increases oval cell invasion through extracellular matrix, a process that requires PI3K activation and is at least partly mediated by expression and activation of metalloproteases. Altogether, our findings provide novel insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the essential role of HGF/c-Met signaling during oval cell-mediated mouse liver regeneration.

Fall prevention in postmenopausal women: the role of Pilates exercise training.

Falls and fall-related injuries are a major public health concern for postmenopausal women. Fear of falling, impairments in gait and postural control, and changes in body composition have been identified as important risk factors for falling. Physical exercise is an important tool in fall prevention and management. The Pilates method is a non-impact activity that can be adapted to different physical conditions and health status and is recommended for various populations. In postmenopausal women, it has been deemed an effective way to improve some fall-related physical and psychological aspects, such as postural and dynamic balance. In addition, some physical capacities, such as flexibility, personal autonomy, mobility, and functional ability have also shown to benefit from Pilates interventions involving women in their second half of life, as well as certain psychological aspects including fear of falling, depressive status, and quality of life. Pilates exercise has shown effectively to prevent falls in postmenopausal women by improving their balance, physical and psychological functioning, and independence. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to demonstrate its validity in different clinical situations.

Jump Training in Youth Soccer Players: Effects of Haltere Type Handheld Loading.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a jump training program, with or without haltere type handheld loading, on maximal intensity exercise performance. Youth soccer players (12.1±2.2 y) were assigned to either a jump training group (JG, n=21), a jump training group plus haltere type handheld loading (LJG, n=21), or a control group following only soccer training (CG, n=21). Athletes were evaluated for maximal-intensity performance measures before and after 6 weeks of training, during an in-season training period. The CG achieved a significant change in maximal kicking velocity only (ES=0.11-0.20). Both jump training groups improved in right leg (ES=0.28-0.45) and left leg horizontal countermovement jump with arms (ES=0.32-0.47), horizontal countermovement jump with arms (ES=0.28-0.37), vertical countermovement jump with arms (ES=0.26), 20-cm drop jump reactive strength index (ES=0.20-0.37), and maximal kicking velocity (ES=0.27-0.34). Nevertheless, compared to the CG, only the LJG exhibited greater improvements in all performance tests. Therefore, haltere type handheld loading further enhances performance adaptations during jump training in youth soccer players.

Comparison between silver- and copper-modified zeolite-rich tuffs as microbicide agents for Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

Zeolite-rich tuff from the State of Chihuahua was modified with silver or copper ions (ZChAg and ZChCu) to evaluate its microbicidal effect against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) suspended in an aqueous solution in order to compare the microbial disinfection kinetics between bacteria and yeast. The zeolite-rich tuff was treated with AgNO3 or CuCl2 solutions. The materials obtained were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the textural properties were also determined by BET-analyses. The concentration of Ag and Cu was verified in the zeolitic materials using neutron activation analysis. The experimental data were adjusted to both Chick and Chik-Watson models to describe the kinetic behavior of the process. It was found that when the mass of ZChAg increased, the survival microorganisms notably decreased. The E. coli and C. albicans showed higher resistance in contact with ZChCu even when the mass of such material was 10-20 times higher than the mass of ZChAg. Chick and Chik-Watson constants showed that the kinetics of the disinfection process depended on the desorption of the exchange ion that modified the structure of the zeolitic material, its concentration in aqueous medium, its oligodynamic properties, and each microorganism's characteristics (Gram-negative bacteria and yeast). The kinetic desorption of Ag and Cu from the corresponding modified-zeolite-rich tuffs was also considered in this work. In this case, the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models were applied.

[Analysis of factors associated with multiple pregnancies in assisted reproduction treatment complex]. / Análisis de los factores asociados con embarazos múltiples en tratamientos de reproducción asistida compleja.

BACKGROUND: Today, advances in technology provide the best success rates in the reproductive medicine field. One of the biggest concerns about it, is the high risk of achieving multiple pregnancies, which may carry greater health risks for both; the mother and fetuses. Besides that, multiple pregnancies are considered a complication or an adverse effect of assisted reproduction treatments. OBJECTIVES: To compare the factors associated with multiple pregnancy in patients who underwent complex assisted reproduction techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective and transversal case control study was rolled to compare the factors associated with multiple pregnancy rates, these results were correlated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: a total of 1063 cases were reviewed, we obtained a pregnancy rate of 35.9%, and a multiple pregnancy rate of 31.5%. We found positive statistical association between patient age, total number of oocytes obtained, total embryos transferred, total vitrified embryos per cycle, total serum cuantitative B-GCH level, endometrial thickness in milimeters, and the Honest of a multiple pregnancy. In the logistic regression model, we found statistical association between the number of embryos transferred, number of embryos obtained, embryo quality, total vitrified embryos and the risk for multiple pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: The total number of embryos transferred in a cycle of a complex assisted reproduction, is the most important factor for the onset of multiple pregnancies. The age of patients, the number of oocytes, total number of embryos obtained, the number of embryos transferred, the quality of embryos transferred and the number of frozen embryos per cycle, correlate significantly with more risk for multiple pregnancies.

Dermatologic emergencies in a tertiary hospital: A descriptive study. / Estudio descriptivo de urgencias dermatológicas en un hospital terciario.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dermatology in-house call is uncommon in the Spanish national health system. The objective of the present study was to define the groups of dermatologic diseases and conditions most frequently seen in the emergency department and to evaluate the need for dermatology in-house call in the training of medical residents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a descriptive study of all patients who attended the emergency department with a skin complaint during a 1-year period (June 2013 to May 2014) and were assessed by 9 dermatology residents. The study variables were date/day, sex, age, diagnosis, special surgical procedures, additional laboratory tests, and need for hospitalization and/or follow-up. We also evaluated patients attending their first scheduled visit to the dermatologist between January and June 2014 in order to compare the most frequent conditions in both groups. RESULTS: A total of 3084 patients attended the emergency room with a skin complaint (5.6% of all visits to the emergency department), and 152 different diagnoses were made. The most frequent groups of diseases were infectious diseases (23%) and eczema (15.1%). The specific conditions seen were acute urticaria (7.6%), contact dermatitis (6.1%), and drug-induced reactions (4.6%). By contrast, the most frequent conditions seen in the 1288 patients who attended a scheduled dermatology appointment were seborrheic keratosis (11.9%), melanocytic nevus (11.5%), and actinic keratosis (8%). A follow-up visit was required in 42% of patients seen in the emergency department. Fourth-year residents generated the lowest number of follow-up visits. CONCLUSIONS: We found that infectious diseases and eczema accounted for almost 40% of all emergency dermatology visits. Our results seem to indicate that the system of in-house call for dermatology residents is very useful for the hospital system and an essential component of the dermatology resident's training program.