RESUMO
Purpose - Compare the morphometric results of immediate implants (Type 1C) with a cylindrical (conventional) or triangular neck, in the anterior region of the maxilla, during 6 months of osseointegration. Materials and Methods - Prospective randomized clinical trial with a sample of 20 individuals randomly assigned to each group (10 triangular neck implants and 10 cylindrical neck implants). Consecutively direct measurements were performed: before (T-1) and after tooth extraction (T0), after implant placement (T1), after 1 month of the submerged implant healing (T2), when placing the healing abutment (T3), after placing the definitive crown (T3), and after 6 months of osseointegration (T4). Results - A significant difference between T1 and T3 in the buccal cortical thickness was identified (0.49Å}0.86mm). Although there was a significant increase in the buccal cortical thickness in both implants, this increase was greater for the triangular neck implants (cylindrical shape: 0.08Å}0.59 vs. triangular neck 0.90Å}0.91mm). It was also observed that implants placed below the buccal bone crest (í-1mm) promote less vertical buccal bone loss than implants placed Ñ-1mm at crest level (-0.65Å}0.52mm vs. -1.42Å}0.86mm). This observation needs to be further investigated in additional studies. Conclusions - The triangular neck implants present an increase in the cortical buccal thickness compared to the cylindrical implants. However, this increase does not fully compensate the remodulation after tooth loss.