Isometric muscle strength in children and adolescents using Handheld dynamometry: reliability and normative data for the Brazilian population.

OBJECTIVE: Isometric muscle strength measured by Handheld dynamometer indicates physical ability. There is no normative data for the Brazilian population. This study aims (a) to describe the development of isometric muscle strength in healthy children and adolescents 5-15 years of age; (b) to evaluate Handheld dynamometer inter and intra-rater reliability. METHODS: Isometric muscle strength was obtained for shoulder abduction, elbow and knee flexion and extension, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion in 55 boys and 55 girls, aged between 5 and 15 years. Inter-rater reliability was determined based on the evaluation of 2 raters, with a 20-min interval between them. Intra-rater reliability was based on 2 evaluations from the same rater, one week apart. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1; 3,1), Bland Altman plots and linear regression models with mixed effects were used to quantify inter and intra-rater reliability, agreement and associations with physical activity level and maturational factors. RESULTS: A linear development of isometric muscular strength was observed for ages between 5 and 10. After age 10, boys showed a larger isometric muscular strength, when compared to girls. Both inter and intra-rater measurements of the Handheld dynamometer are reliable (ICC>0.63). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows increase in isometric muscle strength starting at 10 years of age for boys, when compared to girls and inter and intra-rater reliability for the assessment of isometric strength, using the Handheld dynamometer for the muscle groups tested on the dominant and non-dominant side, for children between 5 and 15 years of age.

Barreiras e facilitadores da mobilização precoce na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica: revisão sistemática / Barreras y facilitadores de la movilización temprana en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátrica: revisión sistemática / Barriers and facilitators of early mobilization at the pediatric intensive care unit: a systematic review

RESUMO O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi identificar as barreiras e facilitadores para a implementação da mobilização precoce em unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Realizou-se uma busca sistemática baseada em estudos que abordassem barreiras e/ou facilitadores para mobilização precoce em crianças e adolescentes. Foram incluídos estudos publicados até junho de 2019 nas bases de dados MEDLINE®, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online. A seleção e a avaliação da qualidade metodológica foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes. Dados que pudessem ser identificados como barreiras e/ou facilitadores foram extraídos para análise. Foram encontrados 358 registros nas bases de dados, dos quais foram incluídos 13 artigos. Foram citadas 18 barreiras, sendo as mais citadas o número insuficiente de profissionais, e insegurança da equipe. Dos 11 facilitadores citados, os mais frequentes foram treinamento/educação da equipe multidisciplinar e a instituição de diretriz/consenso. Existem muitas barreiras a serem quebradas para que a mobilização precoce seja efetiva, porém alguns facilitadores já são conhecidos e podem ser implementados, tornando viável a sua implementação para a população pediátrica.

RESUMEN El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue identificar barreras y facilitadores para aplicar la movilización temprana en las unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátrica. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de estudios que abordaron barreras y/o facilitadores para la movilización temprana en niños y adolescentes. Se incluyeron estudios publicados hasta junio de 2019 en las bases de datos MEDLINE®, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Cochrane Library y Scientific Electronic Library Online. La selección y evaluación de la calidad metodológica fue realizada por dos revisores independientes. Los datos que se han identificado como barreras y/o facilitadores se extrajeron para su análisis. De los 358 registros encontrados en las bases de datos, se incluyeron 13 artículos. Se mencionaron 18 barreras, y las más citadas fueron el número insuficiente de profesionales y la inseguridad del equipo. De los 11 facilitadores mencionados, los más frecuentes fueron la formación/educación del equipo multidisciplinario y el establecimiento de lineamientos/consensos. Hay muchas barreras que romper para que la movilización temprana sea efectiva, pero algunos facilitadores ya son conocidos y pueden ser aplicados, haciendo su aplicación factible a la población pediátrica.

ABSTRACT This systematic review aimed to identify barriers and facilitators for the implementation of early mobilization in pediatric intensive care units. A systematic search was carried out based on studies that addressed barriers and/or facilitators for early mobilization in children and adolescents. Studies published until June 2019 in the MEDLINE®, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Latin American & Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cochrane Library, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases were included. Selection and assessment of methodological quality were performed by two independent reviewers. Data that could be identified as barriers and/or facilitators were extracted for analysis. 358 records were found in the databases, of which 13 articles were included. 18 barriers were cited; the most cited ones were the insufficient number of professionals and team's insecurity. Of the 11 mentioned facilitators, the most frequent were training/education of the multidisciplinary team and the establishment of guidelines/consensus. There are many barriers to be broken for early mobilization to be effective, but some facilitators are already known and can be implemented, making their implementation feasible for the pediatric population.