Bioprospection of ligninolytic enzymes from marine origin filamentous fungi.

Fungi are excellent producers of extracellular enzymes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the screening of marine fungi, which are laccase and manganese peroxidase potential producers, in solid fermentation for future applications in bioremediation processes of contaminated sites. For this purpose, two-level factorial planning was adopted, using time (6 and 15 days) and the absence or presence of oil (0 and 1%) as factors. The semi-quantitative evaluation was carried out by calculating radial growth, enzyme activity and enzyme index by measuring phenol red or syringaldazine oxidation halo. The results showed that all the studied strains showed a positive result for manganese peroxidase production, with an enzymatic activity in solid medium less than 0.61, indicating a strongly positive activity. Through the enzyme index, the study also showed prominence for Penicillium sp. strains, with values > 2. The enzyme index increase in oil presence and the inexpressive use of the genera studied for ligninolytic enzymes production from crude oil demonstrated these data importance for fermentative processes optimization. Considering the ability of these strains to develop into recalcitrant compounds and the potential for manganese peroxidase production, they are indicated for exploitation in various bioremediation technologies, as well as other biotechnological applications.

Neuroprotective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of dopaminergic neurons.

The Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) is a cosmopolitan species with a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant and neuroprotective actions. We investigated the effects of P. oleracea extracts in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease, a debilitating disorder without effective treatments. Chemical profiles of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of whole plant were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and the antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazila method. Male Wistar rats received intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine and were treated with vehicle or extracts (oral, 200 and 400 mg/kg) daily for two weeks. The behavioral open field test was conducted at days 1 and 15. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed 4 weeks after surgery to quantify tyrosine-hydroxylase cell counts in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Extracts presented antioxidant activity in concentrations above 300 µg/kg. The chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of Levodopa, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and polysaccharides. Both extracts improved motor recovery 15 days after lesion and protected from tyrosine-hydroxylase cell loss after 4 weeks, but these effects were more evident for the aqueous extract. Because the dopamine precursor is present, in addition to antioxidant compounds and neuroprotective effects, P. oleracea can be considered as potential strategy for treating Parkinson's disease.

Africanized Bee Venom (Apis mellifera Linnaeus): Neuroprotective Effects in a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model Induced by 6-hydroxydopamine.

This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of the Africanized bee venom (BV) and its mechanisms of action after 6-hydroxydopamine-(6-OHDA)-induced lesion in a mice model. Prior to BV treatment, mice received intrastriatal microinjections of 6-OHDA (no induced dopaminergic neuronal death) or ascorbate saline (as a control). BV was administered subcutaneously at different dosages (0.01, 0.05 or 0.1 mg·Kg-1) once every two days over a period of 3 weeks. The open field test was carried out, together with the immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. The chemical composition of BV was also assessed, identifying the highest concentrations of apamin, phospholipase A2 and melittin. In the behavioral evaluation, the BV (0.1 mg·Kg-1) counteracted the 6-OHDA-induced decrease in crossings and rearing. 6-OHDA caused loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta and fibers in striatum (STR). Mice that received 0.01 mg·Kg-1 showed significant increase in the mean survival of dopaminergic cell bodies. Increased astrocytic infiltration occurred in the STR of 6-OHDA injected mice, differently from those of the groups treated with BV. The results suggested that Africanized BV has neuroprotective activity in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.

Inherited unbalanced reciprocal translocation with 3q duplication and 5p deletion in a foetus revealed by cell-free foetal DNA (cffDNA) testing: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Since 2011, screening maternal blood for cell-free foetal DNA (cffDNA) fragments has offered a robust clinical tool to classify pregnancy as low or high-risk for Down, Edwards, and Patau syndromes. With recent advances in molecular biology and improvements in data analysis algorithms, the screening's scope of analysis continues to expand. Indeed, screening now encompassess additional conditions, including aneuploidies for sex chromosomes, microdeletions and microduplications, rare autosomal trisomies, and, more recently, segmental deletions and duplications called copy number variations (CNVs). Yet, the ability to detect CNVs creates a new challenge for cffDNA analysis in couples in which one member carries a structural rearrangement such as a translocation or inversion. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a segmental duplication of the long arm of chromosome 3 and a segmental deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 detected by cffDNA analysis in a 25-year-old pregnant woman. The blood sample was sequenced on a NextSeq 550 (Illumina) using the VeriSeq NIPT Solution v1 assay. G-band karyotyping in amniotic fluid only detected an abnormality in chromosome 5. Next-generation sequencing in amniocytes confirmed both abnormalities and identified breakpoints in 3q26.32q29 and 5p13.3p15. The foetus died at 21 weeks of gestation due to multiple abnormalities, and later G-band karyotyping in the parents revealed that the father was a carrier of a balanced reciprocal translocation [46,XY,t(3;5)(q26.2;p13)]. Maternal karyotype appeared normal. CONCLUSION: This case provides evidence that extended cffDNA can detect, in addition to aneuploidies for whole chromosomes, large segmental aneuploidies. In some cases, this may indicate the presence of chromosomal rearrangements in a parent. Such abnormalities are outside the scope of standard cffDNA analysis targeting chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y, potentially leading to undiagnosed congenital conditions.

The Effect of Alpinia zerumbet Essential Oil on Post-Stroke Muscle Spasticity.

The essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAz) presents myorelaxant and antispasmodic actions on cardiac and smooth muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EOAz on the skeletal muscle contraction in post-stroke spasticity. Fifteen adults with unilateral hemiparesis and spasticity resulting from stroke were submitted to surface electromyography readings of the gastrocnemius muscle, before and after 10 daily applications (dermal 0.05 mL per muscle belly) of EOAz. The healthy contralateral muscles without applying the oil were used as controls. The analysis showed that, in both lateral and medial gastrocnemius, the values of all studied variables (root mean square, maximum amplitude and median power frequency) were significantly decreased in pathological legs during muscle contraction (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05). Moreover, spastic muscles presented different results before and after dermal application of EOAz: The mean values of root mean square and median power frequency were significantly increased in lateral and medial gastrocnemius, and also, the maximum amplitude increased in medial gastrocnemius (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05). The results suggest that EOAz acts in the skeletal spastic muscle contraction by promoting relaxation and improvement of the muscular performance. Thus, the EOAz can be useful for the clinical management of secondary effects in patients with cerebral vascular disease.

The effect of D-serine administration on cognition and mood in older adults.

BACKGROUND: D-serine is an endogenous co-agonist of the N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) that plays a crucial role in cognition including learning processes and memory. Decreased D-serine levels have been associated with age-related decline in mechanisms of learning and memory in animal studies. Here, we asked whether D-serine administration in older adults improves cognition. RESULTS: D-serine administration improved performance in the Groton Maze learning test of spatial memory and learning and problem solving (F(3, 38)= 4.74, p = 0.03). Subjects that achieved higher increases in plasma D-serine levels after administration improved more in test performance (r2=-0.19 p = 0.009). D-serine administration was not associated with any significant changes in the other cognitive tests or in the mood of older adults (p > 0.05). METHODS: Fifty healthy older adults received D-serine and placebo in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study. We studied the effect of D-serine administration on the performance of cognitive tests and an analogue mood scale. We also collected blood samples to measure D-serine, L-serine, glutamate and glutamine levels. CONCLUSIONS: D-serine administration may be a strategy to improve spatial memory, learning and problem solving in healthy older adults. Future studies should evaluate the impact of long-term D-serine administration on cognition in older adults.

Mandala da Prevenção Combinada: ferramenta pedagógica no enfrentamento da epidemia de IST, aids e hepatites virais em Pernambuco / Mandala of Combined Prevention: pedagogical tool to face the STI, AIDS and viral hepatitis epidemic in Pernambuco

Objetivo: Apresentar a mandala da prevenção combinada de Pernambuco, como um recurso didático-pedagógico para o desenvolvimento das políticas de prevenção combinada às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST), aids e Hepatites Virais (HV). Método: Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado pelo Programa Estadual de IST/aids/HV para construção e implementação da mandala de prevenção combinada na rede de serviços de Pernambuco. Resultados: Construída a partir de oficinas temáticas com o corpo técnico e especializado do Programa Estadual, a mandala congrega 13 tecnologias, disposta em círculo, com cores específicas, desenhos ilustrativos e redação que dialoga tanto com o trabalhador quanto com o usuário. Sua divulgação foi feita por meio de cartazes, folders, oficinas para formação de multiplicadores e rodas de conversas com os trabalhadores da saúde e usuários do estado, com vistas a sua disseminação e utilização no gerenciamento de risco em torno das IST, aids, HV e seu enfrentamento. Conclusão: A utilização de recursos didáticos facilitam a apreensão e divulgação das tecnologias existentes da prevenção combinada, ofertando uma ferramenta pedagógica para a realização do gerenciamento de risco dos usuários atendidos pelos profissionais da rede de serviços. A mandala contribui para a efetivação da prevenção combinada no âmbito estadual, proporcionando avanço no diálogo e efetivação da política de prevenção na rede de serviços do SUS.

Comparative analysis of anxiety and depression prevalence between individuals with and without inflammatory bowel disease / Análise comparativa da prevalência de ansiedade e depressão entre indivíduos portadores e não portadores de doença inflamatória intestinal

ABSTRACT Rationale: Inflammatory bowel diseases − Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) − are chronic disorders associated, for several reasons, with psychological symptoms and stigmatization of patients. Aim: To compare individuals with and without inflammatory bowel diseases in relation to the prevalence of anxiety and depression. Method: The psychological aspect was analyzed using two globally validated questionnaires − the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) − in addition to a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data collection was carried out in three groups, each one consisting of 100 individuals; the first comprising outpatients with a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases, the second comprising outpatients without a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases and the third by non-outpatients without a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Results: The groups were similar regarding gender, ethnicity, marital status and tobacco use. As for social class, the IBD group showed a predominance of class E (46%), the outpatient group a predominance of class D (44%) and the non-outpatient group, class C (44%) (p < 0.001). The non-outpatient group also had a higher number of young individuals (mean = 36.69 years) (p < 0.001). There was a higher number of individuals with depression and anxiety in the IBD and outpatient control groups when compared to the non-outpatients' group (p < 0.001), but with no difference between the two first groups. There was a higher number of individuals with severe degree anxiety in the IBD group (36%) compared to the non-outpatients' group (8%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Greater severity and a prevalence of anxiety and depression were observed in the group with inflammatory bowel diseases.

RESUMO Racional: Doenças inflamatórias intestinais − Doença de Crohn (DC) e Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU) − são desordens crônicas associadas, por diversos fatores, a sintomas psicológicos e estigmatização dos portadores. Objetivo: Comparar indivíduos portadores e não portadores de doenças inflamatórias intestinais em relação à prevalência de ansiedade e depressão. Método: O aspecto psicológico foi analisado através de dois questionários mundialmente validados − o Questionário sobre Saúde do Paciente (PHQ-9) e o questionário de Transtorno Geral de Ansiedade (GAD-7) - além de um questionário sociodemográfico. A coleta foi realizada em três grupos, cada um composto por 100 indivíduos, sendo o primeiro composto por pacientes ambulatoriais com diagnóstico de doenças inflamatórias intestinais, o segundo por pacientes ambulatoriais sem diagnóstico de doenças inflamatórias intestinais e o terceiro por indivíduos não ambulatoriais sem diagnóstico de doenças inflamatórias intestinais. Resultados: Os grupos foram semelhantes quanto a gênero, etnia, estado civil e uso de tabaco. Quanto à classe social, o grupo doenças inflamatórias intestinais apresentou predominância de classe E (46%), o grupo Controle Ambulatorial predominância de classe D (44%) e o grupo Controle Parque de classe C (44%) (p < 0,001). O grupo controle parque teve também maior número de indivíduos jovens (média = 36,69 anos) (p < 0,001). Observou-se maior número de indivíduos com depressão e ansiedade nos grupos doenças inflamatórias intestinais e Controle ambulatorial em comparação ao grupo Controle parque (p < 0,001), mas sem diferença entre os primeiros. Houve maior número de indivíduos com ansiedade grau severo no grupo DII (36%) em comparação ao grupo Controle parque (8%) (p < 0,001). Conclusão: No grupo portador de doenças inflamatórias intestinais foi observada maior severidade e prevalência de ansiedade e depressão.

Remissão parcial e simultânea da nefrite e da anemia hemolítica autoimune em paciente com lúpus após terapia com agente biológico: relato de caso / Partial and simultaneous remission of nephritis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with lupus after treatment with biological agent: a case report

O Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) é uma doença inflamatória crônica, sistêmica, de causa desconhecida e de natureza autoimune. Apresenta prognóstico variável, dependente do órgão ou sistema acometido, sendo o comprometimento renal uma das condições mais frequentemente relacionadas à morbimortalidade. O presente manuscrito propõe-se a contribuir como mais um indício de que o diagnóstico precoce e a terapia agressiva inicial, no lúpus, elevam sobremaneira o índice de sucesso clinico. Falhas no tratamento devem ser reconhecidas de imediato, com rápida mudança de estratégia, quando necessário. Neste sentido, uma nova opção terapêutica parece ser o agente biológico rituximab, descrito neste estudo e para o qual é dada ênfase devido à sua possível e ainda suposta capacidade de atuar como agente de resgate para a nefrite e para a anemia hemolítica lúpicas, simultaneamente, com efetividade e segurança. Apresenta-se o caso de paciente lúpica com acometimento renal e hematológico grave e refratário, que evoluiu simultaneamente com restabelecimento do débito urinário e melhora clínico-laboratorial da anemia autoimune após administração de rituximab, resposta considerada parcial, posto que a existência de dano renal persistente não pode ser descartada. (AU)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease, systemic, of unknown cause and autoimmune nature. It features variable prognosis, depending on the affected organ or system. The renal impairment is the condition most often related to morbidity and mortality. This manuscript aims to contribute to the further evidence that early diagnosis of lupus associated with quickly aggressive therapy could increase the success outcome rate. Also, immediate recognition of therapeutic failures and change the treatment strategy must be applied. In this regard, a new therapeutic option seems to be the biological drug rituximab described in this study and which it is emphasised because of its possible and still supposed ability to act as a rescue agent for nephritis and hemolytic lupus anaemia, simultaneously, with effectiveness and safety. This article presents the case of female lupus patient with both severe refractory hematologic disorder and renal impairment, which had an evolution of the simultaneous restoration of urine output, and clinical and laboratory improvement of autoimmune anaemia after rituximab administration. The persistence of renal damage could not be ruled out, so the response to treatment was considered to be partial. (AU)

Influence of early mobilization on respiratory and peripheral muscle strength in critically ill patients. / Influência da mobilização precoce na força muscular periférica e respiratória em pacientes críticos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of an early mobilization protocol on respiratory and peripheral muscles in critically ill patients. METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 59 male and female patients on mechanical ventilation. The patients were divided into a conventional physical therapy group (control group, n=14) that received the sector's standard physical therapy program and an early mobilization group (n=14) that received a systematic early mobilization protocol. Peripheral muscle strength was assessed with the Medical Research Council score, and respiratory muscle strength (determined by the maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures) was measured using a vacuum manometer with a unidirectional valve. Systematic early mobilization was performed on five levels. RESULTS: Significant increases were observed for values for maximal inspiratory pressure and the Medical Research Council score in the early mobilization group. However, no statistically significant improvement was observed for maximal expiratory pressure or MV duration (days), length of stay in the intensive care unit (days), and length of hospital stay (days). CONCLUSION: The early mobilization group showed gains in inspiratory and peripheral muscle strength.

Estudo da ação antibacteriana do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis vermelha sobre Enterococcus faecalis / Study of antibacterial action of hydroalcoholic extract of propolis red on Enterococcus faecalis

Introdução: A própolis é uma substância resinosa e complexa; produzida pelas abelhas, destaca-se por suas propriedades terapêuticas, como atividade antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória e cicatrizante. Poucos trabalhos existem sobre a variedade de própolis vermelha, encontrada no Estado de Sergipe. Objetivo: Avaliar a ação antimicrobiana do extrato de própolis vermelha, coletada na região nordeste do Estado de Sergipe, contra cepas de Enterococcus faecalis. Material e método: As amostras de própolis vermelha foram coletadas em Brejo Grande-SE, Brasil, e identificadas segundo suas características sensoriais, a granulometria e requisitos físico-químicos. O teor de flavonoides no extrato seco foi determinado. Soluções de própolis vermelha (EEP) foram preparadas nas concentrações de 1%; 2,5%; 5% e 7,5%. A cepa bacteriana de referência utilizada foi Enterococcus faecalis - ATCC 29212. A atividade antibacteriana foi verificada por meio de testes in vitro (teste de difusão em disco e determinação da concentração bactericida mínima - CBM) e ex vivo (utilizando dentes humanos extraídos). No teste ex vivo, os dentes contaminados foram divididos em três grupos com dez dentes cada. O grupo 1 foi tratado com própolis a 7,5% (concentração determinada no teste CBM); o grupo 2 foi tratado como controle positivo, com solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%, e o grupo 3 foi utilizado como controle negativo, sendo tratado apenas com solução salina NaCl 0,9%. Resultado: O extrato de própolis promoveu halo de inibição comparado ao da solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%, variando entre 12 e 16 mm. Não houve crescimento bacteriano após irrigação do conduto radicular com a solução de EEP a 7,5%. ...

Introduction: Propolis is a complex resinous substance produced by bees that has therapeutic properties, such as antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory, healing. Few studies exist on the red variety of propolis, found in the state of Sergipe. Objective: Evaluation of the antimicrobial action of the extract of propolis red collected in the northeastern state of Sergipe, against strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Material and method: The red propolis samples were collected in Brejo Grande/SE - Brazil and identified according to their sensory characteristics, granulometry and physical chemical requirements. The content of flavonoids in dried extract was determined. Solutions of red propolis (EEP) were prepared at concentrations of 1%; 2.5%; 5% and 7.5%. The bacterial strain used was Enterococcus faecalis - ATCC 29212. The antibacterial activity was verified by in vitro tests (disk diffusion test and determination of minimum bactericidal concentration - CBM) and ex vivo (using human extracted teeth). The test, ex vivo contaminated teeth were divided into three groups with 10 teeth each. Group 1 was treated with propolis to 7.5% (concentration determined in CBM test), the Group 2 was treated as positive control with sodium hypochlorite solution 2.5% and Group 3 was used as a negative control and was treated only with sterile saline. Result: The extract of propolis promoted inhibition zone compared to results from solution of sodium hypochlorite to 2.5%, showing values between 12 and 16 mm. There was no bacterial growth after root conduct irrigation with EEP to 7.5%. Conclusion: Propolis collected showed medium content of flavonoids (1.8%) and physical chemical characteristics consistent to those required by the Brazilian Government. At 7.5% of propolis extract, we observed a higher antibacterial potential than others groups. .

Pharmacological evaluation of bee venom and melittin

The objective of this study was to identify the pharmacological effects of bee venom and its major component, melittin, on the nervous system of mice. For the pharmacological analysis, mice were treated once with saline, 0.1 or 1.2 mg/kg of bee venom and 0.1 mg/kg of melittin, subcutaneously, 30 min before being submitted to behavioral tests: locomotor activity and grooming (open-field), catalepsy, anxiety (elevated plus-maze), depression (forced swimming test) and apomorphine-induced stereotypy. Haloperidol, imipramine and diazepam were administered alone (positive control) or as a pre-treatment (haloperidol).The bee venom reduced motor activity and promoted cataleptic effect, in a similar manner to haloperidol.These effects were decreased by the pretreatment with haloperidol. Both melittin and bee venom decreased the apomorphine-induced stereotypies. The data indicated the antipsychotic activity of bee venom and melittin in a murine model.

Influência da mobilização precoce na força muscular periférica e respiratória em pacientes críticos / Influence of early mobilization on respiratory and peripheral muscle strength in critically ill patients

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de um protocolo de mobilização precoce na musculatura periférica e respiratória de pacientes críticos. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico, controlado e randomizado realizado em 59 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, em ventilação mecânica. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo fisioterapia convencional - grupo controle, n=14, que realizou a fisioterapia do setor, e grupo mobilização precoce, n=14, que recebeu um protocolo sistemático de mobilização precoce. A força muscular periférica foi avaliada por meio do Medical Research Council e a força muscular respiratória (dada por pressão inspiratória máxima e pressão expiratória máxima) foi mensurada pelo manovacuômetro com uma válvula unidirecional. A mobilização precoce sistemática foi realizada em cinco níveis. RESULTADOS: Para os valores de pressão inspiratória máxima e do Medical Research Council, foram encontrados ganhos significativos no grupo mobilização precoce. Entretanto, a pressão expiratória máxima e o tempo de ventilação mecânica (dias), tempo de internamento na unidade de terapia intensiva (dias), e tempo de internamento hospitalar (dias) não apresentaram significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: Houve ganho da força muscular inspiratória e periférica para a população estudada quando submetida a um protocolo de mobilização precoce e sistematizado.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of an early mobilization protocol on respiratory and peripheral muscles in critically ill patients. METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 59 male and female patients on mechanical ventilation. The patients were divided into a conventional physical therapy group (control group, n=14) that received the sector's standard physical therapy program and an early mobilization group (n=14) that received a systematic early mobilization protocol. Peripheral muscle strength was assessed with the Medical Research Council score, and respiratory muscle strength (determined by the maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures) was measured using a vacuum manometer with a unidirectional valve. Systematic early mobilization was performed on five levels. RESULTS: Significant increases were observed for values for maximal inspiratory pressure and the Medical Research Council score in the early mobilization group. However, no statistically significant improvement was observed for maximal expiratory pressure or MV duration (days), length of stay in the intensive care unit (days), and length of hospital stay (days). CONCLUSION: The early mobilization group showed gains in inspiratory and peripheral muscle strength.

Investigação de óbitos por tuberculose, ocorridos na Região Metropolitana do Recife (PE), registrados no Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade, entre 2001 e 2008 / Deaths investigation for tuberculosis in Metropolitan Region of Recife (PE), registered in the Brazilian Mortality Information System, between 2001?2008

Este estudo objetivou investigar óbitos por tuberculose (TB) no sistema de informação de mortalidade (SIM), identificando a consistência desses no sistema de notificação de agravos (SINAN). Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de 2.093 óbitos ocorridos na Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR) e residentes no estado, entre 2001 e 2008, utilizando dados desses dois sistemas. A técnica de relacionamento de bancos de dados foi utilizada e óbitos não pareados foram investigados. Encontrou-se 821 óbitos não pareados (39,2%) no SINAN, 618 (75,3%) foram investigados e, desses, 531 (85,9%) foram confirmados como óbitos TB, representando uma subnotificação de casos e óbitos no SINAN de 29,4%. Dentre os pareados, 112 (8,8%) tinham encerramento como cura, divergindo da declaração de óbito. Apesar do avanço na implementação dos sistemas de informação em saúde, os dados apontam alta subinformação dos casos e óbitos por TB no SINAN.

A educação em saúde na prevenção de parasitoses intestinais na área de cobertura da ESF Dr Zireli de Oliveira Valença: proposta de intervenção

As parasitoses intestinais são consideradas problema de saúde pública, uma vez que são endêmicas em países subdesenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, acometendo todas as faixas etárias e causando um grande impacto nas populações mais jovens, fase essa de intenso crescimento edesenvolvimento orgânicos. A Unidade Básica de Saúde Dr Zireli de Oliveira Valença, localizada no município de São José da Laje, Alagoas, apresenta um elevado percentual médio diário de atendimento dessas doenças, em torno de 12%. Medidas preventivas na atenção primária são comprovadamente efetivas na erradicação dessas doenças, uma vez que hábitos de higiene e ausência de cuidados no manuseio de água e alimentos para consumo são negligenciados em populações mais carentes. Essa proposta de intervenção propõe ações de educação em saúde para prevenção de parasitoses intestinais. Para tanto, haverá atuação conjunta da equipe de saúde da família, secretaria municipal de saúde e diretores das escolas. As atividades serão compostas de palestras e atividades lúdico-pedagógicas, esperando-se reduzir efetivamente a prevalência desses casos