Genotyping and antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter fetus subsp.venerealis from cattle farms in India.

Bovine genital campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) is of considerable economic importance to the cattle industry worldwide. Cfv causes syndrome of temporary infertility in female cattle, early embryonic mortality, aberrant oestrus cycles, delayed conception, abortions and poor calving rates. In the present study, a total of 200 samples obtained from vaginal swabs, cervicovaginal mucous (CVM), preputial washes and semen straws were investigated that were obtained from organized cattle farm of MLRI, Manasbal and unorganized sectors. Out of a total of 200 samples, 49 (47·57%) vaginal swabs, 1 (3·33%) preputial wash and 8 (25%) carried out CVM samples were positive for Cfv, whereas none of the semen straws were positive for Cfv. A total of eleven isolates of Cfv were recovered. PFGE (Pulse field gel electrophoresis) analysis revealed four different pulsotypes (I-IV) circulating in the screened farms. A common pulsotype circulating among farms could not be established. Insertion element (ISCfe1), a 233 bp amplicon of Cfv, was sequenced and the sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession no: MK475662).

Factors affecting outcome after the use of the Ponseti method for the management of idiopathic clubfoot, a retrospective study in an orthopaedic referral institute.

TIn the last few decades Ponseti method has replaced soft tissue releases as the gold standard in the management of idiopathic clubfoot. However, the recurrence of the deformity is common without post tenotomy bracing. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively see various attributes of the patients associated with poor outcome after use of Ponseti method in idiopathic clubfoot management. Seventy nine consecutive patients with one hundred and twenty three idiopathic clubfeet treated with Ponseti method by single orthopaedic surgeon were followed for a period of two years and recurrence of the deformity was studied in relation to age of patient at presentation (< 3 months or more), sex of the patient, severity of the deformity ( moderate to severe verses (Vs.) very severe), compliance to post tenotomy bracing (compliant Vs. non compliant), educational level of parents (high school or less) and access of parents to internet (Yes or No) and odds ratio for recurrence and level of significance determined for each using Fisher's exact t-test. Non compliance in seventeen patients (17.7%) with post tenotomy bracing was the most important factor related to the recurrence, with an odds ratio of 6.22 (P =0.0059). Educational level (less than high school) of parents (36.7%) was the second most important factor with odds ratio of 5.5 (P=0.0073). Fifteen patients with severe Demiglio scoring feet had an odds ratio of 5.3 (P= 0.0097) for the recurrence of the deformity. Inaccess of the parents to the internet had an odds ratio of 6.33 (P =0.011) for the recurrence of the deformity. Age and sex of the patients was not found to have a significant effect on the recurrence of the deformity. In conclusion, the risk factors associated with recurrence of the idiopathic clubfoot deformity except severity of the deformity are modifiable and extra minutes can be spent with risk group parents during follow up visits to prevent a recurrence by making them understand natural history of the corrected foot without post tenotomy bracing, encouraging them for regular follow up visits, arranging interactive sessions with other patients who are regular in their follow up and compliant with bracing, and encouraging the literate parents to update their information about clubfoot from internet.

Trans-implant treatment of chronic recurrent maxillary sinusitis via dynamic implants with an internal port: Experience with 31 cases.

This study was performed to test a protocol for trans-implant treatment of chronic recurrent maxillary sinusitis (CRS), via implants with an internal removable sealing screw. The appropriate indications for treatment, optimal number of treatment sessions, and general schedule of treatment and follow-up were assessed. This was a retrospective study of 31 patients with CRS who were managed with trans-implant lavage. Of these patients, 28 (referred for a sinus elevation procedure) underwent a simultaneous implantation procedure and treatment of the sinusitis. Three patients received treatment for sinusitis via an already existing implant. The suggested sinusitis treatment protocol includes the drainage of pus through the punctured sinus floor and three sessions of antral irrigation/lavage, four cone beam computed tomography scans, and four transnasal endoscopic observations. The suggested combined protocol includes the simultaneous evaluation of the implant status and the sinusitis treatment results on days 30 and 60 after surgery. Of the 31 patients, 28 (90%) had complete relief of most of their symptoms (nasal obstruction/discharge, anosmia/hyposmia) up to day 30 postoperative. Follow-up nasal endoscopy demonstrated no evidence of active sinus disease. Twenty-seven implants were well-osseointegrated and were still in use for prosthetic purposes. In one case, the implantation failed because of poor bone quality. For the remaining 30 cases, both clinical and radiological results showed stability of the implants and no CRS recurrence during the whole follow-up period. The dental implant with an internal central port and an integral sealing screw may be used for drainage, irrigation, observation, and further treatment of the maxillary sinus in cases of CRS.

Cytotoxic Potential and Molecular Characterization of Fungal Endophytes from Selected High Value Medicinal Plants of the Kashmir Valley - India.

The present study explores the fungal endophytes from selected high value medicinal plants to check their activities at in-vitro and in-vivo level. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of selected endophytes revealed potent growth inhibition against human cancer cell lines of leukemia (THP-1), lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), colon (Caco-2), neuroblastoma (IMR-32) and breast (MCF-7) at a concentration of 100 µg/ml. Among them the endophytic strains I. e., IIIM2, IIIM3, IIIM7 and IIIM8 showed most significant growth inhibition against colon (Caco-2), prostate (PC-3), lung (A549) and leukemia (THP-1) cancer cell lines. At the in-vivo level maximum (58.95%) tumor growth inhibition was documented with the extract of IIIM2 against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma mouse modal. All the potent fungal endophytic strains were characterized using ITS 4 and ITS 5 region sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was ascertained among them. This paper confirms the 2 elite endophytic fungal strains, IIIM2 and IIIM8, have the potential to act as a source of new anticancer compounds.

Pre-operative staging of rectal cancer using multi-detector row computed tomography with multiplanar reformations: single center experience.

BACKGROUND: Technical advancement in imaging has helped to stage and plan treatment modality for carcinoma rectum with still some objectives controversial. AIMS: The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) with multiplanar reformations in the pre-operative staging of rectal carcinoma and correlation with intraoperative and histopathologic staging of retrieved specimen with respect to the depth of tumor invasion (T-staging), lymph node metastasis (N-staging) and mesorectal fascia (MRF) involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a prospective one and consisted of 52 patients with biopsy proved rectal carcinoma. MDCT studies were performed on a 64-slice computed tomography system. Images were reconstructed in axial, coronal and sagittal planes. MDCT findings were compared with intraoperative and pathologic (reference standard) findings. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were assessed. RESULTS: The diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for T1/T2, T3 and T4 lesions was 77%, 86.5% and 100%, respectively. For perirectal lymph node metastasis (N+), the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT was 84.1%. The diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for MRF involvement was 91%. CONCLUSION: MDCT is a reliable radiological tool for local staging of rectal cancer with excellent accuracy rates for T and N-staging of rectal cancer.