RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The past decades have seen the rapid development of the invasive treatment of arrhythmias by catheter ablation procedures. Despite its safety and efficacy being well-established in adults, to date there has been little data in pediatric scenarios. One of the main concerns is the possible expansion of the ablation procedure scar in this population and its consequences over the years. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the risk of myocardial injury progression after radiofrequency catheter ablation in pediatric patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 20 pediatric patients with previous ablation for treatment of supraventricular arrhythmia that underwent cardiac magnetic resonance and coronary angiography for evaluation of myocardial fibrosis and the integrity of the coronary arteries during follow-up. RESULTS: The median age at ablation procedure was 15.1 years (Q1 12.9, Q3 16.6) and 21 years (Q1 20, Q3 23) when the cardiac magnetic resonance was performed. Fourteen of them were women. Nodal reentry tachycardia and Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome were the main diagnosis (19 patients), with one patient with atrial tachycardia. Three patients had ventricular myocardial fibrosis, but with a volume < 0.6 cm 3 . None of them developed ventricular dysfunction and no patient had coronary lesions on angiography. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency catheter ablation did not show to increase the risk of myocardial injury progression or coronary artery lesions.
FUNDAMENTO: As últimas décadas têm assistido ao rápido desenvolvimento do tratamento invasivo de arritmias por procedimentos de ablação por cateter. Apesar da sua segurança e eficácia bem estabelecida em adultos, até o momento, há poucos dados nos cenários pediátricos. Uma das principais preocupações é a possível expansão da cicatriz do procedimento de ablação nessa população e suas consequências ao longo dos anos. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o risco da progressão da lesão miocárdica após ablação por cateter de radiofrequência em pacientes pediátricos. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo retrospectivo de 20 pacientes pediátricos com tratamento prévio de arritmia supraventricular com ablação, submetidos à ressonância magnética cardíaca e angiografia coronária para avaliação de fibrose miocárdica e da integridade das artérias coronárias durante o acompanhamento. RESULTADOS: A idade mediana no procedimento de ablação foi 15,1 anos (Q1 12,9, Q3 16,6) e 21 anos (Q1 20, Q3 23) quando a ressonância magnética cardíaca foi realizada. Quatorze dos pacientes eram mulheres. Taquicardia por reentrada nodal e síndrome de Wolf-Parkinson-White foram os principais diagnósticos (19 pacientes), com um paciente com taquicardia atrial. Três pacientes apresentaram fibrose miocárdica ventricular, mas com um volume inferior a 0,6 cm 3 . Nenhum deles desenvolveu disfunção ventricular e nenhum paciente apresentou lesões coronarianos na angiografia. CONCLUSÃO: A ablação por cateter de radiofrequência não mostrou aumentar o risco de progressão de lesão miocárdica ou de lesões na artéria coronária.
Assuntos
Ablação por Cateter , Traumatismos Cardíacos , Taquicardia Supraventricular , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taquicardia Supraventricular/cirurgia , Arritmias Cardíacas , Nó Atrioventricular , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Traumatismos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Cardíacos/etiologia , FibroseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data from the COVID-19 pandemic report that patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease have worse outcomes and higher mortality, and that pregnant women should be considered at high risk. CASE SUMMARY: A 25-year-old pregnant woman on the waiting list for a heart transplant, with a history of complete atrioventricular canal surgery, mitral mechanical prosthetic implant (St Jude-27), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (Boston Scientific) was hospitalized at 30 weeks of gestation for treatment of heart failure. After 7 days of hospitalization, she had a positive RT-PCR test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with progressive worsening of her clinical condition and acute foetal distress. Hence emergency caesarean section was performed. After the birth, the patient required mechanical ventilation, progressing to multiple organ system failures. Conventional inotropic drugs, antibiotics, and mechanical ventilation for 30 days in the intensive care unit provided significant clinical, haemodynamic, and respiratory improvement. However, on the 37th day, she suddenly experienced respiratory failure, gastrointestinal and airway bleeding, culminating in death. DISCUSSION: Progressive physiological changes during pregnancy cause cardiovascular complications in women with severe heart disease and higher susceptibility to viral infection and severe pneumonia. COVID-19 is known to incite an intense inflammatory and prothrombotic response with clinical expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome, heart failure, and thromboembolic events. The overlap of these COVID-19 events with those of pregnancy in this woman with underlying heart disease contributed to an unfortunate outcome and maternal death.
RESUMO
Resumo Fundamento As últimas décadas têm assistido ao rápido desenvolvimento do tratamento invasivo de arritmias por procedimentos de ablação por cateter. Apesar da sua segurança e eficácia bem estabelecida em adultos, até o momento, há poucos dados nos cenários pediátricos. Uma das principais preocupações é a possível expansão da cicatriz do procedimento de ablação nessa população e suas consequências ao longo dos anos. Objetivos Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o risco da progressão da lesão miocárdica após ablação por cateter de radiofrequência em pacientes pediátricos. Métodos Este é um estudo retrospectivo de 20 pacientes pediátricos com tratamento prévio de arritmia supraventricular com ablação, submetidos à ressonância magnética cardíaca e angiografia coronária para avaliação de fibrose miocárdica e da integridade das artérias coronárias durante o acompanhamento. Resultados A idade mediana no procedimento de ablação foi 15,1 anos (Q1 12,9, Q3 16,6) e 21 anos (Q1 20, Q3 23) quando a ressonância magnética cardíaca foi realizada. Quatorze dos pacientes eram mulheres. Taquicardia por reentrada nodal e síndrome de Wolf-Parkinson-White foram os principais diagnósticos (19 pacientes), com um paciente com taquicardia atrial. Três pacientes apresentaram fibrose miocárdica ventricular, mas com um volume inferior a 0,6 cm 3 . Nenhum deles desenvolveu disfunção ventricular e nenhum paciente apresentou lesões coronarianos na angiografia. Conclusão A ablação por cateter de radiofrequência não mostrou aumentar o risco de progressão de lesão miocárdica ou de lesões na artéria coronária.
Abstract Background The past decades have seen the rapid development of the invasive treatment of arrhythmias by catheter ablation procedures. Despite its safety and efficacy being well-established in adults, to date there has been little data in pediatric scenarios. One of the main concerns is the possible expansion of the ablation procedure scar in this population and its consequences over the years. Objectives This study aimed to analyze the risk of myocardial injury progression after radiofrequency catheter ablation in pediatric patients. Methods This is a retrospective study of 20 pediatric patients with previous ablation for treatment of supraventricular arrhythmia that underwent cardiac magnetic resonance and coronary angiography for evaluation of myocardial fibrosis and the integrity of the coronary arteries during follow-up. Results The median age at ablation procedure was 15.1 years (Q1 12.9, Q3 16.6) and 21 years (Q1 20, Q3 23) when the cardiac magnetic resonance was performed. Fourteen of them were women. Nodal reentry tachycardia and Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome were the main diagnosis (19 patients), with one patient with atrial tachycardia. Three patients had ventricular myocardial fibrosis, but with a volume < 0.6 cm 3 . None of them developed ventricular dysfunction and no patient had coronary lesions on angiography. Conclusion Radiofrequency catheter ablation did not show to increase the risk of myocardial injury progression or coronary artery lesions.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate whether the inclusion of videothoracoscopy in a pleural empyema treatment algorithm would change the clinical outcome of such patients. METHODS: This study performed quality-improvement research. We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent pleural decortication for pleural empyema at our institution from 2002 to 2008. With the old algorithm (January 2002 to September 2005), open decortication was the procedure of choice, and videothoracoscopy was only performed in certain sporadic mid-stage cases. With the new algorithm (October 2005 to December 2008), videothoracoscopy became the first-line treatment option, whereas open decortication was only performed in patients with a thick pleural peel (>2 cm) observed by chest scan. The patients were divided into an old algorithm (n = 93) and new algorithm (n = 113) group and compared. The main outcome variables assessed included treatment failure (pleural space reintervention or death up to 60 days after medical discharge) and the occurrence of complications. RESULTS: Videothoracoscopy and open decortication were performed in 13 and 80 patients from the old algorithm group and in 81 and 32 patients from the new algorithm group, respectively (p<0.01). The patients in the new algorithm group were older (41 +1 vs. 46.3+ 16.7 years, p = 0.014) and had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores [0(0-3) vs. 2(0-4), p = 0.032]. The occurrence of treatment failure was similar in both groups (19.35% vs. 24.77%, p = 0.35), although the complication rate was lower in the new algorithm group (48.3% vs. 33.6%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The wider use of videothoracoscopy in pleural empyema treatment was associated with fewer complications and unaltered rates of mortality and reoperation even though more severely ill patients were subjected to videothoracoscopic surgery.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Empiema Pleural/cirurgia , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate whether the inclusion of videothoracoscopy in a pleural empyema treatment algorithm would change the clinical outcome of such patients. METHODS: This study performed quality-improvement research. We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent pleural decortication for pleural empyema at our institution from 2002 to 2008. With the old algorithm (January 2002 to September 2005), open decortication was the procedure of choice, and videothoracoscopy was only performed in certain sporadic mid-stage cases. With the new algorithm (October 2005 to December 2008), videothoracoscopy became the first-line treatment option, whereas open decortication was only performed in patients with a thick pleural peel (>2 cm) observed by chest scan. The patients were divided into an old algorithm (n = 93) and new algorithm (n = 113) group and compared. The main outcome variables assessed included treatment failure (pleural space reintervention or death up to 60 days after medical discharge) and the occurrence of complications. RESULTS: Videothoracoscopy and open decortication were performed in 13 and 80 patients from the old algorithm group and in 81 and 32 patients from the new algorithm group, respectively (p<0.01). The patients in the new algorithm group were older (41 +1 vs. 46.3+ 16.7 years, p = 0.014) and had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores [0(0-3) vs. 2(0-4), p = 0.032]. The occurrence of treatment failure was similar in both groups (19.35% vs. 24.77%, p = 0.35), although the complication rate was lower in the new algorithm group (48.3% vs. 33.6%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The wider use of videothoracoscopy in pleural empyema treatment was associated with fewer complications and unaltered rates of mortality and reoperation even though more severely ill patients were subjected to videothoracoscopic surgery.