Human papillomavirus prevalence in paired urine and cervical samples in women invited for cervical cancer screening.

With the introduction of Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in young girls in 2007, it is important to monitor HPV infections and epidemiological changes in this target population. The present study has evaluated the detection of human papillomavirus DNA in paired cervical and urine samples to understand if HPV testing in urine could be used as non-invasive method to monitor HPV status in young women. The study enrolled 216 twenty five-year-old women, resident in Florence and invited for the first time to the cervical cancer Screening Program within a project evaluating the impact of HPV vaccination. HPV genotyping was performed on 216 paired urine and cervical samples. The overall concordance between cervix and urine samples, investigated by HPV genotyping (INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra), was: 85.6% (184/215), 84.6% (182/215), 80% (172/215) when the same HPV, at least the same HR HPV and all HR HPV, respectively, were detected. HPV type specific concordance in paired urine and cervical samples was observed in 85.8% (175/204) of women with normal cytology and in seven out of nine women with abnormal cytology. Urine seems to be a suitable and reliable biological material for HPV DNA detection as evidenced by the high concordance with HPV detected in cervical samples. These results suggest that urine could be a good noninvasive tool to monitor HPV infection in vaccinated women.

Implementation of a centralized HPV-based cervical cancer screening programme in Tuscany: First round results and comparison with the foregoing Pap-based screening programme.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate performance of the first round of HPV-based screening in Tuscany region and compare it with the prior round of Pap-based screening. SETTING: Tuscany region of Italy, where HPV-based cervical cancer screening started in 2013, with a strong level of centralization screening tests at the Regional Laboratory for Cancer Prevention (ISPRO). METHODS: The transition from Pap- to HPV-based screening was initiated for older women and at 3 out of 12 Tuscany Local Health Units (LHUs). Data from the Florence and Grosseto LHUs (about 300,000 women) were analysed and performance screening indicators estimated. RESULTS: HPV-based indicators recorded good performance, with increased compliance vs. the Pap-based programme. We registered a substantial decrease in waiting times from sampling to test reporting, probably related to the centralization strategy. Since the screening protocol was the same and conducted at a single laboratory, we could hypothesize that the difference in HPV positivity (6.8% in Florence vs. 8.4% in Grosseto) was due to a real difference in HPV prevalence among women of the two LHUs. The transition to HPV-based screening led to a significant increase both in colposcopy referral rate (4.3% vs. 1.2%) and CIN2+ detection rate (8.3‰ vs. 3.4‰). CONCLUSIONS: HPV-based is more effective in detecting high-grade precancerous and cancerous lesions than Pap-based screening and is characterized by an "anticipatory effect" in the detection of CIN2+ lesions. The transition from Pap-based to HPV-based screening programme should include increased resources dedicated to colposcopy services. Centralization in a laboratory with long experience in this field promotes efficiency of the screening process.