RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological and etiological profile of tinea capitis in adults in Dakar (Senegal). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 9-month prospective, multicenter, descriptive and analytic study. Patients included were aged over 18 years. Mycological tests were used to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS: 121 patients were included with a mean age of 36.1 years and a hospitalisation frequency of 0.8%. The age range of 64.4% of patients was between19 and 38 years. 51% of patients were housewives. A low socioeconomic level was found in 72.8% of cases. In 3.3% of patients, the disease began in childhood. 31.4% of patients had already consulted a traditional healer. Similar familial cases were noted in 60.3% of patients. Contact with a sheep was noted in 32.2% of cases, deliberate skin lightening in 64% of women, hair salon attendance in 46.7% of women, and immunosuppression in 17.3% of patients, while itching was present in 95.5%. Dermatologic examination showed scaled plaques and a diffuse form, with 92.6% and 64% (n=75) respectively. Wood's light examination was positive in 40.2% of patients. A positive culture test was found in 71%. The most frequently encountered species were: T. soudanense (65%), M. audouinii (21%), T. rubrum (4.7%), M. gypseum (3.5%), T. violaceum (2.3%), T. verrucosum (2.3%) and M. canis (1 case). The clinical course was favorable under treatment with griseofulvin or terbinafine. CONCLUSION: Tinea capitis in adults mainly affects young women. The diffuse form is the most common. The most frequently encountered species was T. soudanense.
Assuntos
Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico Tardio , Feminino , Griseofulvina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Senegal/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Terbinafina/uso terapêutico , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The cosmetic use of bleaching products is common among women from sub-Saharan Africa. The most frequently used products are highly potent corticosteroids (clobetasol propionate) and hydroquinone. Herein, we report 8 cases of SCC in women using skin bleaching products for cosmetic purposes. Our aim is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of the carcinomas observed during the course of skin lightening. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive multicentre study from August 2005 to January 2016 in three dermatology units in Senegal. We included all patients consulting for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma associated with skin bleaching. Sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 8 female patients were included. The mean age was 48.1 years (37-63 years). Topical hydroquinone and highly potent corticosteroids were the main products used over the whole body, for an average duration of 20.3 years. No pre-neoplastic skin disease was found in our patients. The clinical aspects of tumours were as follows: cauliflower-like (n=4), ulcerated (n=3) and nodular (n=1). The average development time before consultation was 6.75 months. All the cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas were localized to lichenoid lesions or exogenous ochronotic lesions on photo-exposed areas: face (n=1), neck (n=3) or upper back (n=4). The most common histopathological type was the infiltrating form and there was one case of in situ carcinoma. The outcome was favourable in six of eight patients after surgical resection. Two deaths occurred: one through tumour recurrence and the other through haemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSIONS: From 2005 to 2016, eight cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas associated with cosmetic use of bleaching products were reported in Senegal. The mechanism was not fully elucidated and further studies are necessary. These observations provide an additional argument for combating this practice and including skin bleaching among known risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/induzido quimicamente , Preparações Clareadoras de Pele/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Dorso , Carcinoma in Situ/induzido quimicamente , Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Clobetasol/efeitos adversos , Face , Feminino , Humanos , Hidroquinonas/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Senegal , Choque Hemorrágico/etiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Senegal, reported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are often due to Leishmania major. Immunosuppression related to HIV infection contributes to the emergence of leishmaniasis in humans and to cutaneous localization of viscerotropic species. We report the first observed case in Senegal of opportunistic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum associated with HIV. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 5-year-old boy presented crusted ulcerative lesions of the scalp and left forearm, together with axillary and cervical lymphadenopathy present for two months. Direct parasitological examination of the scalp and arm lesions, coupled with liquid aspiration of lymph nodes and bone marrow, enabled identification of amastigote forms of Leishmania. Polymerase chain reaction performed on skin, lymph node and bone marrow biopsy samples allowed identification of L. infantum. The child was positive for HIV1. Treatment of HIV infection and leishmaniasis resulted in clinical improvement. DISCUSSION: Co-infection with cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. infantum and HIV is a complex combination in terms of the related therapeutic issues. The clinical and laboratory outcomes depend on restoration of immunity and on the efficacy, safety and availability of anti-leishmaniasis drugs.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Leishmaniose Cutânea/complicações , Masculino , SenegalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Africa, studies primarily devoted to chronic leg ulcer due to sickle cell disease are rare. The objectives of the study were to determine the epidemiology, diagnosis and progression of chronic leg ulcers in sickle cell disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 5-year multicentre, retrospective study was conducted in three university hospitals in Dakar. We included all patients with chronic leg ulcers occurring in a setting of sickle cell disease. RESULTS: We identified 40 cases of chronic leg ulcers associated with sickle cell disease, representing 3.4% of the current population of sickle cell patients in our institutions. The average patient age was 25.9 years and the sex ratio was 2.33. Chronic leg ulcer was the presenting feature enabling diagnosis of sickle cell disease in one third of the cases. The average time to consultation from onset was 5.4 years. Pain was reported in 22 cases (48%). Ulcers were isolated in 76% and multiple in 24% of cases. The most common site was the medial malleolus (39%). A CBC allowed identification of anaemia in 35 cases. Haemoglobin electrophoresis was performed and homozygous sickle cell SS disease was identified in 39 cases and heterozygous SC disease in 1 case. Local treatments included physiologic serum, topical antibiotics and skin grafting. Systemic treatment included supplementation with folic acid in all patients, blood transfusion in 16 cases, vasodilators in 11 cases and antibiotics in 25 cases. The outcome was favourable in 61.8% of cases. DISCUSSION: In Dakar, sickle cell disease is a common cause of chronic leg ulcer and is frequently revealed by chronic leg ulcer.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Úlcera da Perna/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia Falciforme/diagnóstico , Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Úlcera da Perna/epidemiologia , Úlcera da Perna/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Senegal/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Use of medicinal plants is common and widespread throughout Africa, including in Senegal. Because efficacy has been demonstrated, public policies have been instituted that have allowed plant-based therapies to have an important role in general primary care. However, little is known about the cutaneous safety of many plant-based therapies. In this 6-month prospective study all cases of dermatitis induced or aggravated by exclusive use of medicinal plants were evaluated via skin allergy testing. The results were classified and compared with the available literature. Forty-three cases of plant-therapy-associated cutaneous reactions were identified, including worsening of existing conditions (56%), recurrence of a previously resolved condition (16%) and new dermatitis arising spontaneously (28%). In the cases where the condition was new, generalized exfoliative dermatitis occurred in 42% of cases with an average time of onset of 9 days. Specific plants were identified in 65% of cases and included 18 varieties. The frequency and severity of plant-induced cutaneous reactions should be the basis for the creation of a phytovigilance programme and re-evaluation of how traditional medicine is used in the general population. When irritation occurs, identification of the responsible plant and allergy testing should be the first steps towards relieving symptoms.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/induzido quimicamente , Toxidermias/etiologia , Plantas Medicinais/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Atópica/epidemiologia , Toxidermias/epidemiologia , Humanos , Fitoterapia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Senegal/epidemiologia , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous schistosomiasis is extremely rare, even in endemic regions. It usually leads to non-specific papulonodular lesions in the perigenital area. We report a case of cutaneous schistosomiasis presenting as panniculitis. CASE REPORT: An 8-year-old girl was admitted for a large multinodular, indurated plaque over the perineum that gradually spread over a year in a setting of hypereosinophilia. Ultrasonography showed thickening of the bladder and a significant bilateral ureteral hydronephrosis. Histological examination revealed numerous granulomas Schistosoma haematobium ova at their centre and within the hypodermis. Treatment with praziquantel 40 mg/kg resulted in regression of cutaneous lesions within 3 weeks. DISCUSSION: We report a case of Schistosoma-induced granulomatous panniculitis that is noteworthy in terms of its clinical appearance, perineal location, association with severe urinary involvement and rapid regression under treatment. The current extent of endemic schistosomiasis and its severity justify greater awareness of this unusual cutaneous presentation, which to our knowledge has never previously been reported.
Assuntos
Granuloma/diagnóstico , Granuloma/parasitologia , Paniculite/diagnóstico , Paniculite/parasitologia , Esquistossomose/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Criança , Feminino , Granuloma/complicações , Humanos , Paniculite/complicaçõesRESUMO
Tuberculosis is an endemic disease in Senegal. Cutaneous forms are rare and are characterized by their clinical polymorphism. They account for 2% of the extrapulmonary locations of tuberculosis [1, 2]. We report an observation of a tuberculous gumma of the buttock that led to the discovery of an active pulmonary localization in an immunocompetent adult. A 47-year-old man was admitted for a painful swelling of the right buttock that had been developing for four years. The physical examination noted an indurated, multinodular, and polyfistulized plaque, with confluent yellowish pus emission, on the inferomedial face of the right buttock, associated with bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Cutaneous tuberculosis was found in the histology, which showed TB granuloma, and the gastric tube fluid was positive for acid-fast bacilli. Thoracoabdominopelvic CT showed multiple basal acinar micronodules in both lungs. Serology was negative for both HIV and HBV. All signs of tuberculosis disappeared after six months of treatment. In endemic zones, cutaneous tuberculosis is characterized by its clinical polymorphism. It must also be looked for in any perineal abscess. Early management greatly improves the prognosis.
RESUMO
Our aims were to study the epidemiological, clinical, and parasitological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the dermatology department of the Aristide Le Dantec hospital. This retrospective study reviewed records of cases treated over a 4-year period (from April 2010 through April 2014) at the HALD Dermatology department. The study included all patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis during the study period. The diagnostic criteria were clinical, parasitological, and histological. The study included 38 patients, corresponding to 9.5 cases per year. Patients' average age was 25 years (4-65 years) and the sex ratio was 1.6. The mean time from symptom outset to consultation was 3.2 months. The disease was located in limbs in 23 cases (63.8%), the face in 6 cases (16.6%), and disseminated in 9 (19.6%). The clinical presentation was ulcerated and crusted in 17 patients (44.7%), sporotrichoid in 13 (28.9%), pseudo-lepromatous in 4 (10.5%), and lupoid in 3 cases (7.9 %). It included warts, mucosa, and tropical sores (Aleppo boils) in all cases. We observed 3 cases associated with HIV; one had a pseudo-lepromatous presentation and resulted from immune restoration syndrome, while two patients had clinical forms of associations: ulcerative and crusted lesions associated with mucosal leishmaniasis in a 55-year-old patient, and cutaneous ulcerative, lupoid, and crusted multifocal (cutaneous, medullary, and lymph nodes) lesions in a 4-year-old infected with Leishmania infantum. Crusted ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis is the predominant form of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Infection with HIV can be an important factor in clinical and parasitological atypia.
Assuntos
Leishmaniose Cutânea , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Leishmaniose Cutânea/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Senegal , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The authors report the case of a 22-year-old man referred seven months after the onset of papulo-nodular skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Mycologic and histologic examination of skin lesions enabled the diagnosis of African histoplasmosis, by Histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii. The lymph nodes were caseous. The culture in Lowenstein-Jensen medium was negative.
Assuntos
Histoplasmose/diagnóstico , Linfadenopatia/diagnóstico , Linfadenopatia/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Senegal , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The etiologies of intertrigo in adults are numerous and different. The objective of our work was to study the epidemiological, clinical and the risk factors of intertrigo in adults. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study for a period of seven months in two Dermatology Units in Dakar (Senegal). All adults patient with intertrigo seen during this period who gave consent were included. RESULTS: One hundred and three patients with intertrigo were diagnosed with a hospital prevalence of 2.54%. The sex -ratio was 0.63 and the average age was 41. The study of habits and lifestyles of the patients found a history of intensive skin lightening, sport, wearing synthetic clothes and smoking in 26, 22, 20 and 22 cases, respectively. Infectious complications mainly bacterial (3.88%) and viral (1.94%) were reported in nine cases (8.7%). A dry erythroderma was noted in 3 cases (2.9%). It was found that the intertigo was commonly caused by fungal infections with a prevalence of 48.5% followed by immuno-allergic reactions with a prevalence of 34.9%, suppurative hidradenitis and inverse psoriasis with the same prevalence of 2.9%. Fifty-eight percent of cases with tinea and 63% of cases with candidiasis were women. Thirty-five percent of tinea cases and 45% of candidiasis cases were found to have a history of intensive skin lightening. CONCLUSION: The cause of intertrigo in adults are mainly infectious, particularly fungi, infections and immuno-allergic diseases. There are predisposing factors and some professions are more at risk.
Assuntos
Intertrigo/epidemiologia , Intertrigo/etiologia , Micoses/epidemiologia , Micoses/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Intertrigo/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micoses/microbiologia , Prevalência , Psoríase/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Senegal/epidemiologia , Tinha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Black-grain mycetomas are fungal and cannot be healed by antifungals only.We conducted this study to determine the interest of carcinologic surgery only in the management of those black-grain mycetomas.We led a retrospective study concerning 44 patients over a period of 52 months. The mean age of patients was 32.5 years. The main location of mycetomas was the foot (21 cases), the ankle (10 cases), the knee (8 cases), the leg (3 cases), the chest, the back and the pulp of the fourth finger once each. The bone was affected in 21 cases. The surgery consisted in a carcinologic excision or amputation depending on the extension of the lesion and the degree of bony infringement, with ganglionic cleaning out in case of lymphadenopathy. In the average retrospect of 25.5 months, we noted 8 cases of recurrences among which 2 on the amputated patients and 6 on the patients treated by carcinologic excision. The surgery constitutes the main therapeutic issue of the fungal mycetomas.
Assuntos
Micetoma/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micetoma/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Senegal/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Leprosy is endemic in Senegal. In 2011, there were 73 new cases reported in Dakar. The circumstances of discovery are often dermatologic or neurologic. Few case reports describe an association with chronic inflammatory colitis, probably fortuitous. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who had a tuberculoid leprosy revealed by active ulcerative colitis. Treatment according to the WHO protocol of leprosy, combined with corticosteroids and then methotrexate, resulted in healing of the leprosy and remission of the colitis.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/microbiologia , Hanseníase Tuberculoide/diagnóstico , Adulto , Colite Ulcerativa/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , SenegalRESUMO
Mycetomas are localized chronic inflammatory infectious diseases involving subcutaneous tissues, skin and bones. We report a case of mycetoma in a 40-year-old farmer from the north of Senegal. The clinical appearance of the lesions suggested primarily the diagnosis of a soft tissue malignant tumor. Mycetoma diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic evidences and growth of Actinomadura pelletieri in cultured samples. The evolution was good under a triple antibiotic therapy combining cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and streptomycin for 12 months.
Assuntos
Actinomicose/diagnóstico , Micetoma/diagnóstico , Adulto , Dorso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Região Lombossacral , SenegalRESUMO
Fungal mycetoma are inflammatory pseudo-tumors of subcutaneous tissues and possibly bones due to exogenous fungi. They have a chronic course, often poly-fistulated with an emission of fungal grains. We report the case of a 65-year-old farmer with a thoracic fungal mycetoma discovered incidentally, associated with bone involvement. The diagnosis was confirmed by the positive culture to Madurella mycetomatis. The outcome was favorable with terbinafine 1g per day for 12 months associated with complete excision of oncologic type followed by a skin graft.
Assuntos
Madurella/isolamento & purificação , Micetoma , Naftalenos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Torácicas , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Achados Incidentais , Masculino , Micetoma/tratamento farmacológico , Micetoma/microbiologia , Micetoma/cirurgia , Transplante de Pele , Terbinafina , Doenças Torácicas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Torácicas/microbiologia , Doenças Torácicas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Torácicas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Introduction : Les relations sexuelles entre hommes, constituent un facteur de propagation des infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) et du VIH/sida dans les pays en développement. L'objectif de notre étude était de déterminer les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques des IST chez les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec d'autres hommes (HSH) suivis à l'IHS de Dakar. Malades et méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale et analytique effectuée sur une période de 4 mois à l'IHS. L'analyse des données était faite grâce au logiciel IBM Statistics SPSS 20. Résultats : Nous avons colligé 31 HSH avec IST symptomatiques, soit une prévalence de 15,65%. L'âge moyen était de 28,25 ans. Quarante-deux pour cent (n = 13) étaient connus séropositifs. Vingt-quatre étaient bisexuels (77,4%). Les types de rapport étaient : réceptifs (38,7% ; n = 12), insertifs (29% ; n = 9) et les deux (32,3% ; n = 10). Ils avaient eu, en moyenne, 5 partenaires occasionnels durant la dernière année. L'utilisation de préservatifs n'était systématique que chez 11 patients (35,5%). Une rémunération des rapports sexuels était notée chez 87% (n =27). Les signes d'IST retrouvés étaient : écoulement (74,2% ; n =23), condylomes (19,4% ; n = 6) et ulcération (16 % ; n = 5). La topographie était : anale (45% ; n = 14) et génitale (54,2% ; n = 17). Le traitement syndromique était efficace chez tous les HSH présentant un écoulement ou une ulcération.Conclusion : Notre étude montre une fréquence élevée des IST symptomatiques, de l'infection à VIH et de la bisexualité chez les HSH suivis à l'IHS. Ces résultats montrent que la lutte contre les IST et le VIH passe nécessairement, en partie, par le renforcement des attitudes préventives chez cette population-clé
Assuntos
Senegal , Infecções Sexualmente TransmissíveisRESUMO
Introduction : La leishmaniose cutanée est une anthropozoonose dont l'épidémiologie est en grande partie déterminée par des facteurs écologiques. Notre objectif était d'étudier les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques récents de la leishmaniose cutanée à l'Institut d'Hygiène Sociale de Dakar. Malades et méthode : Il s'agit d'une étude transversale, sur une période de dix ans, effectuée au service de dermatologie de l'IHS de Dakar. Les malades étaient recrutés à partir des registres de consultation et d'hospitalisation. Résultats : Quatre-vingt-sept cas de leishmaniose cutanée ont été colligés, soit une fréquence hospitalière de 0,07%. Le sex-ratio était de 1,38 et l'âge moyen de 59 ± 17,83 ans, avec des extrêmes de 9 mois à 75 ans. Les formes cliniques étaient : ulcéro-croûteuses dans 46% (n = 23), sporotrichoïdes dans 18% (n = 9), ulcéro-surinfectées dans 18% (n = 9) et autres dans 18% (n = 9). Les localisations étaient essentiellement : membres supérieurs dans 64% des cas et membres inférieurs dans 34% et tête et tronc dans 18% des cas. Le nombre moyen de lésions étaient de 2.6 ± 1.86. Les corps de Leishman étaient retrouvés dans 22,58%. Les cas provenaient de Matam dans 32,55% des cas, Tambacounda dans 27,9%, Fatick dans 13,95%, Thiès dans 9,30% et Dakar dans 1 cas. Discussion : Notre étude montre un probable élargissement de l'aire géographique de la leishmaniose cutanée vers la capitale sénégalaise. Ceci pourrait être dû à un bouleversement écologique secondaire à l'urbanisation galopante et anarchique