The cutaneous microbiome in skin cancer - A systematic review.

The overall incidence of skin cancer has risen over the past half a decade worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in molecular testing have allowed us to better characterize microbiome alterations in skin cancer. However, literature specific to skin microbiome and skin cancer remain heterogenous and scattered. A systematic review was performed to identify the existing literature and its usefulness in providing microbiome-based biomarkers. A search of the databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, GoogleScholar) was conducted from June to July 2022 in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 1,543 articles were identified, of which 16 were selected for inclusion in the review (11 articles on cancer of the keratinocytes and 5 articles on melanoma). Increased Staphylococcus (S.) aureus prevalence with decline in commensal organisms is seen in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and actinic keratosis (AK), compared to healthy skin. While the microbiome of melanoma appears to be distinct from healthy skin, limited data is available to draw meaningful conclusions. Our review summarizes the current evidence on the microbiome of keratinocyte skin cancers and melanoma. The study establishes that the microbiome of these cancers is altered from healthy skin and that this dysbiosis involves both pathogenic and commensal organisms.

Composite Coating of Oleaster Gum Containing Cuminal Keeps Postharvest Quality of Cherry Tomatoes by Reducing Respiration and Potentiating Antioxidant System.

Exploring the green and affordable protection of perishable cherry tomato fruits during storage, herein, the protective efficacy, and its underpinning mechanisms, of a coating of oleaster gum, alone or incorporated with cuminal, on cherry tomatoes stored at ambient temperature was investigated. The composite coating of oleaster gum with 0.1% cuminal reduced the decay, respiration rate, weight loss, and softening of the fruits and decelerated the decreases in their total soluble solid, titratable acidity, and soluble protein levels, and therefore maintained their marketability. Furthermore, it reduced the accumulation of O2·- and H2O2 in the fruits and mitigated cell membrane lipid oxidation and permeabilization, thereby retarding their senescence. Instrumentally, it elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase and the levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione. This potentiation of the fruits' antioxidant system makes this composite coating a promising approach to keeping the postharvest quality of perishable fruits.

Acidolysis-dominated pretreatment elevates distillation yield and impacts composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oil from Cuminum cyminum seeds.

Proper pretreatment of herbal material containing essential oils (EOs) could enhance its volatile components release through either removing physical barriers or conquering chemical bonds and thereby improve hydrodistillation yield. In this regard, a trial pretreatment including pulverization, enzymolysis, short time microwave irradiation and acidolysis of Cuminum cyminum seeds was integrated into the essential oil (EO) preparation to elevate the EO yield. On the basis of Plackett-Burman design analysis, three parameters (acidolysis duration, HCl concentration of acidolysis and sieving mesh) were significant for the EO preparation. Box-Behnken design based optimization of the remaining factors concluded that the optimal pretreatment was pulverizing the seeds to 40 mesh and implementing 45 min acidolysis in 2.5 M L-1 HCl wherein the predicted EO yield of 3.78% was close to that of the experimental value 3.86%. This pretreatment produced an EO yield increase of 50.78% over the control sample of raw seeds (2.56%). In total 53 components were identified in the acidolysis-pretreated cumin EO (AEO) whilst 47 components were identified in the control cumin EO (CEO). In both AEO and CEO, cuminaldehyde was the predominant common component, but the AEO contained more phenols (0.51% vs. 0.18%) and alcohols (7.76% vs. 0.18%) than the CEO did. The compositional features gave the AEO mightier antioxidant potency and stronger antifungal efficacy against four postharvest fungi, viz. Alternaria alternata, Penicillium expansum, Trichothecium roseum and Fusarium sulphureum, as compared with the situations of CEO. In conclusion, the pretreatment elevates the hydrodistillation yield, modifies the EO chemical profiles and confers stronger antioxidant and antifungal activities upon cumin EO.