Phytoactinopolyspora alkaliphila sp. nov., an alkaliphilic actinomycete isolated from a saline-alkaline soil.

An alkaliphilic, filamentous actinomycete, designated EGI 80629T, was isolated from a soil sample of Xinjiang, north-west China. Strain EGI 80629T grew at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 9.0-10.0) and in the presence of 0-13.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0-5.0 %). The isolate formed fragmented substrate mycelia, and aerial hyphae with short spore chains with rod-like spores. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and mannose and rhamnose as diagnostic sugars. The major fatty acids identified were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, five unknown phospholipids, three unknown phosphoglycolipids, one unknown glycolipid, four unknown polar lipids and one unknown aminophospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80629T clustered with the genus Phytoactinopolyspora. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain EGI 80629T and Phytoactinopolyspora endophytica EGI 60009T was 96.8 %. Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain EGI 80629T represents a novel species of the genus Phytoactinopolyspora, for which the name Phytoactinopolyspora alkaliphila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EGI 80629T ( = CGMCC 4.7225T = KCTC 39701T).

Nocardiopsis rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Halocnermum strobilaceum (Pall.) Bieb.

An alkalitolerant actinomycete strain, designated EGI 80674T, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil of Halocnermumstrobilaceum (Pall.) Bieb in Xinjiang, north-west China and subjected to a taxonomic characterization using a polyphasic approach. Strain EGI 80674T formed white aerial hyphae with long spore chains. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with no diagnostic sugars. The major fatty acids identified were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and 10-methyl-C18 : 0TBSA. The predominant menaquinones detected were MK-10(H8) and MK-10(H6). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EGI 80674T was 70.9 mol%. Strain EGI 80674T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.24 %) to Nocardiopsis nikkonensis NBRC 102170T. The DNA-DNA relatedness value of strain EGI 80674T and N. nikkonensis NBRC 102170T was 18.4±1.3 %. Phenotypical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data suggest that strain EGI 80674T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardiopsis, for which the name Nocardiopsis rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EGI 80674T (=CGMCC 4.7228T=KCTC 39673T).

Lipingzhangella halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Nocardiopsaceae.

An alkaliphilic and halophilic actinomycete strain, designated EGI 80537T, was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample of Xinjiang, north-west China and subjected to a taxonomic characterization using a polyphasic approach. Strain EGI 80537T formed reticulate long aerial hyphae. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diamino acid and mannose as the diagnostic sugar. The major fatty acids identified were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and 10-methyl-C18 : 0 (TBSA). The predominant menaquinones detected were MK-10(H8) and MK-10(H6). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EGI 80537T was 67.6 mol%. Strain EGI 80537T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis CA15-2T (96.7 %). Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain EGI 80537T clustered with the members of the family Nocardiopsaceae. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain EGI 80537T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Lipingzhangella halophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is EGI 80537T(=CGMCC 4.7224T= DSM 102030T).

Tomitella cavernea sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil.

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, irregular rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated YIM C00895(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Jiuxiang Scenic Region, Yunnan province, south-west China. The strain was able to grow at 10-28 °C, pH 6.0-10.0 and 0-11% NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA (95.3%) gene sequences revealed the highest similarity to Tomitella biformata AHU1821(T). The whole-cell hydrolysates of strain YIM C00895(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose, indicating chemotype IV. The muramic acids in the peptidoglycan were glycolated. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and an unidentified glycolipid. MK-9(H2) was the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1 and C18 : 1ω9c and tuberculostearic acid (10-methyl C18 : 0) was present in relatively small amounts (4.5%). TLC analysis of its cellular mycolic acids showed a similar profile to Tomitella biformata DSM 45403(T). The DNA G+C content of the strain was 67.5 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed strain YIM C00895(T) to be differentiated phenotypically from Tomitella biformata DSM 45403(T). On the basis of evidence from this polyphasic study, the novel species Tomitella cavernea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Tomitella cavernea is YIM C00895(T) ( = DSM 45788(T)  = JCM 18542(T)).

Exploration the significance of Tfh and related molecules on C57BL/6 mice model of experimental autoimmune hepatitis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed at establishing the autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) model of C57BL/6 mice, and examining the expression and significance of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, effector B cells and other indicators in this experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) model. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice in experimental group were administered by intraperitoneal injection after fully emulsified on 1st day and 7th day with 0.5 mL of 0.5-2.0 g/L S-100 and an equal volume of Buddha Complete Adjuvant (CFA). The levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and interleukin-21 (IL-21) were tested by the corresponding kit. Tfr, Tfh and B cell subsets were quantified by flow cytometry. Histological pathology was completed by pathological section experiments. RESULTS: In comparison with that in the healthy controls (HC), significantly increased numbers of serum ALT and AST, Tfr, IL-21 was observed. The hepatic lobules and hepatocyte cords were severely disorganized. CONCLUSION: The results of liver pathological changes and serum index changes were similar to the chronic and progressive pathogenesis and pathology of AIH patients, providing a detailed pathological basis for the basic research and clinical experiments of AIH.