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Objectives@#This research delves into the application of texture analysis in spine computed tomography (CT) scans and its correlation with bone mineral density (BMD), as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).It specifically addresses the discordance between the 2 measurements, suggesting that certain spinal-specific factors may contribute to this discrepancy. @*Methods@#The study involved 405 cases from a single institution collected between May 6, 2012 and June 30, 2021. Each case underwent a spinal CT scan and a DXA scan. BMD values at the lumbar region (T12 to S1) and total hip were recorded. Texture features from axial cuts of T12 to S1 vertebrae were extracted using gray-level co-occurrence matrices, and a regression model was constructed to predict the BMD values. @*Results@#The correlation between CT texture analysis results and BMD from DXA was moderate, with a correlation coefficient ranging between 0.4 and 0.5. This discordance was examined in light of factors unique to the spine region, such as abdominal obesity, aortic calcification, and lumbar degenerative changes, which could poten tially affect BMD measurements. @*Conclusions@#Emerging from this study is a novel insight into the discordance between spinal CT texture analysis and DXA-derived BMD measurements, highlighting the unique influence of spinal attributes. This revelation calls into question the exclusive reliance on DXA scans for BMD assessment, particularly in scenarios where DXA scanning may not be feasible or accurate.
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Background@#Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been used as adjuvants to modulate immune responses in both animals and humans. @*Objectives@#The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of the TLR 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and the TLR 3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). @*Methods@#The PBMCs, MoDCs, and BM-MSCs collected from three mixed breed horses were treated with MPL, Poly I:C, and their combination. The mRNA expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. @*Results@#The combination of MPL and Poly I:C significantly upregulated immunomodulatory responses in equine cells/ without cytotoxicity. The combination induced greater mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6 than MPL or Poly I:C stimulation alone in PBMCs. In addition, the combination induced significantly higher mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p40 in MoDCs, and IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF in BM-MSCs compared to stimulation with a single TLR agonist. @*Conclusions@#The combination of MPL and Poly I:C can be used as a potential adjuvant candidate for vaccines to aid in preventing infectious diseases in horses.
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Purpose@#To compare efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided single-injection nerve blocks (SINB) before bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) of the hip in patients with femoral neck fractures. @*Materials and Methods@#Clinical outcomes of 89 patients who underwent BHA between September 2016 and February 2018 were retrospectively compared. Eight patients were excluded according to exclusion criteria and the remaining patients were divided into two groups: patients who received SINB before surgery (Group I; n=40), and patients who did not (Group II; n=41). The femoral, obturator, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves were each blocked separately under US guidance. Pain scores determined using the visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively, and all use of analgesics were recorded separately for 72 hours after surgery. Duration of hospitalization, general complications, and local complications due to SINB were also compared among the groups. @*Results@#Significant differences were observed between the two groups: I) VAS at 6 hours and at 12 hours after the operation, II) total amounts of analgesics used. VAS at 24 hours and at 48 hours were not significantly different between the two groups. General complications and duration of hospitalization were also not significantly different between the groups. @*Conclusion@#US-guided lower limb nerve blocks provide excellent immediate postoperative pain relief and can be used as a safe, and effective method of pain control after BHA.
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Purpose@#To compare efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided single-injection nerve blocks (SINB) before bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) of the hip in patients with femoral neck fractures. @*Materials and Methods@#Clinical outcomes of 89 patients who underwent BHA between September 2016 and February 2018 were retrospectively compared. Eight patients were excluded according to exclusion criteria and the remaining patients were divided into two groups: patients who received SINB before surgery (Group I; n=40), and patients who did not (Group II; n=41). The femoral, obturator, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves were each blocked separately under US guidance. Pain scores determined using the visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively, and all use of analgesics were recorded separately for 72 hours after surgery. Duration of hospitalization, general complications, and local complications due to SINB were also compared among the groups. @*Results@#Significant differences were observed between the two groups: I) VAS at 6 hours and at 12 hours after the operation, II) total amounts of analgesics used. VAS at 24 hours and at 48 hours were not significantly different between the two groups. General complications and duration of hospitalization were also not significantly different between the groups. @*Conclusion@#US-guided lower limb nerve blocks provide excellent immediate postoperative pain relief and can be used as a safe, and effective method of pain control after BHA.
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Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by severe thunderclap headache with multifocal segmental vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries. RCVS can be diagnosed if the cerebral angiogram shows segmental stenosis and spontaneously resolves within weeks to months. RCVS is reversible, but might cause brain lesions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage or cerebral infarction. We report a 45-year-old woman with severe sudden onset frontal headache who was identified with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.
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Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Angiografia , Encéfalo , Artérias Cerebrais , Infarto Cerebral , Constrição Patológica , Cefaleia , Transtornos da Cefaleia Primários , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Natação , VasoconstriçãoRESUMO
As the corticospinal tract crosses at the medulla, supratentorial stroke generally influences the opposite extremity. However, new incidences of hemiparesis might occur in the ipsilateral brain if there was a previous infarction in the opposite brain or a congenital structural abnormality. The occurrence of ipsilateral hemiparesis after cerebral infarction is very rare; however, we report here the case of a patient who developed right hemiparesis that was identified as acute right middle cerebral artery infarction.
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Humanos , Encéfalo , Infarto Cerebral , Extremidades , Incidência , Infarto , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média , Artéria Cerebral Média , Paresia , Tratos Piramidais , Acidente Vascular CerebralRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the characteristics associated with sulfuric acid injury in the emergency department. METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively from January 2007 to December 2015 on all sulfuric acid injuries presenting to the emergency department in Gu-mi Soonchunhyung University Hospital. Patients injured by sulfuric acid were recorded over a nine year study period and collected data included demographics, injury mechanism, injured body part, hospital care and final diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 26 cases were identified. Most patients were male (88.5%) and the face was the most commonly injured body part. The most common mechanism of injury was splashing injury. A total of 16 (61.5%) patients were identified as having lesions worse than second degree burns. CONCLUSION: Sulfuric acid can cause severe and fatal skin burn. When working with sulfuric acid, acid proof protect clothing, goggles and glove should be worn. Furthermore, safety education and workplace environment improvement are necessary to reduce sulfuric acid injury.
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Humanos , Masculino , Queimaduras , Queimaduras Químicas , Vestuário , Demografia , Diagnóstico , Educação , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Dispositivos de Proteção dos Olhos , Traumatismos Ocupacionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pele , EnxofreRESUMO
In this study, we investigated the effects of cordycepin-enriched (CE)-WIB801C, a n-butanol extract of Cordyceps militaris-hypha on collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation. CE-WIB801C dose dependently inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and had a synergistic effect together with cordycepin (W-cordycepin) from CE-WIB801C on the inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. CE-WIB801C and cordycepin stimulated the phosphorylation of VASP (Ser157) and the dephosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, and inhibited the binding of fibrinogen to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (alphaIIb/beta3) and the release of ATP and serotonin in collagen-induced platelet aggregation. A-kinase inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cAMPS reduced CE-WIB801C-, and cordycepin-increased VASP (Ser157) phosphorylation, and increased CE-WIB801C-, and cordycepin-inhibited the fibrinogen binding to alphaIIb/beta3. Therefore, we demonstrate that CE-WIB801C-, and cordycepin-inhibited fibrinogen binding to alphaIIb/beta3 are due to stimulation of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of VASP (Ser157), and inhibition of PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. These results strongly indicate that CE-WIB801C and cordycepin may have preventive or therapeutic potential for platelet aggregation-mediated diseases, such as thrombosis, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
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1-Butanol , Trifosfato de Adenosina , Aterosclerose , Plaquetas , Cordyceps , Fibrinogênio , Glicoproteínas , Infarto do Miocárdio , Fosforilação , Agregação Plaquetária , Serotonina , TromboseRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to understand what kinds of chemical substances have been used annually and to investigate incidents that occurred due to chemical hazard release and to analyze statistically clinically chemical injury patients who visited one regional emergency medical center in Gumi city with documented references review. METHODS: Annual chemical waste emission quantity (Kg/Year) (Cwep) was reproduced using national web site data governed by the Ministry of Environment and 5 years (from 1 .Jan. 2010 to 31. Dec. 2014) of medical records of chemical injury patients who visited our emergency department were reviewed retrospectively. By applying exclusion criteria, 446 patients of 460 patients were selected. RESULTS: Dichloromethane, Toluene, Trichloroethylene, and Xylene were always included within Top 5 of Cweq. Six cases of chemical incidents were reported and in 3 of 6 cases involving Hydrogen fluoride were included during the study period. Male gender and twenties were the most prevalent group. Injury evoking chemicals were Hydrogen fluoride, unknown, complex chemicals (over 2 substances) in sequence. The most frequent site of wounds and injuries was the respiratory tract. Gas among status, intoxication among diagnosis, and discharge among disposition was most numerous in each group. CONCLUSION: There have been no uniform clinical protocols for chemical wounds and injuries due to various kinds of chemicophysical properties and ignorance of antidotes. Therefore conduct of a multicenter cohort study and experiments for ruling out chemicals according to chemicophysical priority as well as development of antidotes and clinical protocols for chemical injury patients is needed.
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Humanos , Masculino , Antídotos , Vazamento de Resíduos Químicos , Protocolos Clínicos , Estudos de Coortes , Diagnóstico , Emergências , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Ácido Fluorídrico , Prontuários Médicos , Cloreto de Metileno , Sistema Respiratório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tolueno , Tricloroetileno , Ferimentos e Lesões , XilenosRESUMO
Fahr's disease is a rare disease characterized by idiopathic abnormal deposits of calcium in intracranial areas. Fahr's syndrome occurs secondarily to other diseases. Endocrine disorders, particularly parathyroid hormone disorders, are most commonly associated with Fahr's syndrome. Common clinical features of Fahr's disease or syndrome include movement disorder, phychiatric disorder, epileptic seizure, dementia, headache, dystonia, myoclonus, tremor, and parkinsonism. We report on a case of a 35-year-old woman with Fahr's syndrome who presented with epileptic seizure and pseudohypoparathyroidism.
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Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gânglios da Base , Calcinose , Cálcio , Demência , Distonia , Epilepsia , Cefaleia , Transtornos dos Movimentos , Mioclonia , Hormônio Paratireóideo , Transtornos Parkinsonianos , Pseudo-Hipoparatireoidismo , Doenças Raras , Convulsões , TremorRESUMO
In this study, we prepared cordycepin-enriched (CE)-WIB801C, a n-butanol extract of Cordyceps militaris-hypha, and investigated the effect of CE-WIB801C on collagen-induced human platelet aggregation. CE-WIB801C dose-dependently inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and its IC50 value was 175 microg/ml. CE-WIB801C increased cAMP level more than cGMP level, but inhibited collagen-elevated [Ca2+]i mobilization and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production. cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase) inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cAMPS increased the CE-WIB801C-downregulated [Ca2+]i level in a dose dependent manner, and strongly inhibited CE-WIB801C-induced inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) phosphorylation. These results suggest that the inhibition of [Ca2+]i mobilization by CE-WIB801C is resulted from the cAMP/A-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of IP3R. CE-WIB801C suppressed TXA2 production, but did not inhibit the activities of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and TXA2 synthase (TXAS). These results suggest that the inhibition of TXA2 production by WIB801C is not resulted from the direct inhibition of COX-1 and TXAS. In this study, we demonstrate that CE-WIB801C with cAMP-dependent Ca2+-antagonistic antiplatelet effects may have preventive or therapeutic potential for platelet aggregation-mediated diseases, such as thrombosis, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
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Humanos , 1-Butanol , Aterosclerose , Plaquetas , Cordyceps , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1 , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Inositol , Infarto do Miocárdio , Fosforilação , Agregação Plaquetária , Trombose , Tromboxano A2RESUMO
In this study, we investigated the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea catechins from green tea leaves, on activities of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and thromboxane synthase (TXAS), thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production associated microsomal enzymes. EGCG inhibited COX-1 activity to 96.9%, and TXAS activity to 20% in platelet microsomal fraction having cytochrome c reductase (an endoplasmic reticulum marker enzyme) activity and expressing COX-1 (70 kDa) and TXAS (58 kDa) proteins. The inhibitory ratio of COX-1 to TXAS by EGCG was 4.8. These results mean that EGCG has a stronger selectivity in COX-1 inhibition than TXAS inhibition. In special, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug aspirin, a COX-1 inhibitor, inhibited COX-1 activity by 11.3% at the same concentration (50 microM) as EGCG that inhibited COX-1 activity to 96.9% as compared with that of control. This suggests that EGCG has a stronger effect than that of aspirin on inhibition of COX-1 activity. Accordingly, we demonstrate that EGCG might be used as a crucial tool for a strong negative regulator of COX-1/TXA2 signaling pathway to inhibit thrombotic disease-associated platelet aggregation.
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Aspirina , Plaquetas , Catequina , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1 , Citocromos c , Retículo Endoplasmático , Oxirredutases , Agregação Plaquetária , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases , Chá , Tromboxano A2RESUMO
Cyanogenic glycosides are HCN-producing phytotoxins; HCN is a powerful and a rapidly acting poison. It is not difficult to find plants containing these compounds in the food supply and/or in medicinal herb collections. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of total cyanide in nine genera (Dolichos, Ginkgo, Hordeum, Linum, Phaseolus, Prunus, Phyllostachys, Phytolacca, and Portulaca) of edible plants and the effect of the processing on cyanide concentration. Total cyanide content was measured by ion chromatography following acid hydrolysis and distillation. Kernels of Prunus genus are used medicinally, but they possess the highest level of total cyanide of up to 2259.81 CN-/g dry weight. Trace amounts of cyanogenic compounds were detected in foodstuffs such as mungbeans and bamboo shoots. Currently, except for the WHO guideline for cassava, there is no global standard for the allowed amount of cyanogenic compounds in foodstuffs. However, our data emphasize the need for the guidelines if plants containing cyanogenic glycosidesare to be developed as dietary supplements.
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Cromatografia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Destilação , Linho , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Ginkgo biloba , Glicosídeos , Hordeum , Hidrólise , Manihot , Phaseolus , Phytolacca , Plantas Comestíveis , Plantas Medicinais , PrunusRESUMO
No abstract available.
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Criança , Humanos , Placa de Sangue Epidural , Cefaleia Pós-Punção DuralRESUMO
PURPOSE: Delayed neuropsychological sequelae (DNS) commonly occurs after recovery from acute carbon monoxide poisoning. The aim of this article is to identify the factors associated with DNS development. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated patients, admitted to the medical center emergency department from June 2005 to March 2011, who were suffering from acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. We categorized the patients into two groups - those with DNS, and those without DNS. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors related to manifestation of DNS. RESULTS: Of the total one hundred fifty seven patients (157) recruited for the study, twenty two (22) developed DNS. Longer CO exposure times and lower GCS scores were positively associated with development of DNS symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our study identified two potential factors which are predictive of DNS development in CO intoxication, however, more studies are needed. Adequate follow-up after hospital discharge to monitor for and accurately identify manifestation of DNS, is also important.
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Humanos , Carbono , Monóxido de Carbono , Intoxicação por Monóxido de Carbono , Emergências , Seguimentos , Neuropsicologia , Compostos Organotiofosforados , Oxigênio , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estresse PsicológicoRESUMO
Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are an unusual complication following tonsillectomy. We present a 50-year-old male patient who, after receiving tonsillectomy, developed painful swelling of the cheek and neck. We experienced a case in which subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and a deep defect in the tonsillar fossa were observed. These complications resolved 5 days later with conservative treatment, including broad-spectrum antibiotics. This case serves as a reminder that unusual and unexpected complications can occur during a routine procedure. Methods to prevent this complication are discussed.
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antibacterianos , Bochecha , Enfisema Mediastínico , Pescoço , Enfisema Subcutâneo , TonsilectomiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: There have been local wound complications in patients who have received first aid after venomous snake bites. Yet first aid in relation to local wound complications has not been well studied. METHODS: We conducted a 5-year retrospective study of 111 snake bite patients who visited the emergency departments of several medical centers between January 2004 and December 2008. We categorized the patients into those who had complications with inadequate first aid, those who had complications without first aid and those who had complications with adequate first aid. We compared the general characteristics and the laboratory and clinical findings of the three groups. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1.36. The most common bite site was fingers. The most common systemic symptom was dizziness (6.3%) and the most common complication was rhabdomyolysis (23.4%). The inadequate first aids group had more local complications (cellulitis, skin necrosis) than did the group with adequate first aid or the group with no first aids. CONCLUSION: Inadequate first aid after snake bite leads to local complications, so we must be careful to administer first aid after snake bite and evaluate this first aid in relation to local complications
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Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mordeduras e Picadas , Tontura , Emergências , Dedos , Primeiros Socorros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rabdomiólise , Pele , Mordeduras de Serpentes , Serpentes , PeçonhasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Headache is a common complication of lumbar puncture (LP). Although in most cases post-LP headaches are not severe and have a benign course, they can also be a manifestation of a potentially life-threatening complication such as subdural hematoma (SDH). CASE REPORT: We describe a patient in whom a massive SDH developed after LP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, which were performed during the diagnostic evaluation of freezing of gait. CONCLUSIONS: SDH should not be excluded from the differential diagnosis of headache following LP, especially when there is a loss of CSF.
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Humanos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Drenagem , Congelamento , Marcha , Cefaleia , Hematoma Subdural , Hematoma Subdural Agudo , Punção EspinalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute ischemic stroke secondary to aortic dissection (AoD) is challenging in the era of thrombolysis owing to the diagnostic difficulty within a narrow time window and the high risk of complications. CASE REPORT: A 64-year-old woman with middle cerebral artery occlusion syndrome admitted to the emergency room within intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) time window. Her neurological symptoms improved during thrombolysis, but chest and abdominal pain developed. Repeated history-taking, physical examination, and imaging studies led to the timely diagnosis and surgical treatment of AoD, which produced a successful outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical suspicion is invaluable for the diagnosis of this rare cause of stroke. Considering the stroke mechanism and complications, the risks of thrombolysis might outweigh its benefits.
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Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor Abdominal , Emergências , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média , Exame Físico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Tórax , Ativador de Plasminogênio TecidualRESUMO
PURPOSE: Chromosome analysis is important in genetic study and genetic counseling. This study was performed to evaluate the type and incidence of chromosome abnormalities in a single hospital for 25 years. METHODS: Chromosome analyses were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes, obtained from 4,856 patients with suspected chromosomal aberrations, referred to cytogenetic laboratory in Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital from May 1981 to October 2005. RESULTS: We analyzed 4,567 cases. Children were 3,014 cases (66.0%) and adult were 1,553 cases (34.0 %). The most common purpose of the chromosomal analysis was growth and developmental abnormality in children and infertility in adults. Total chromosomal aberration rate was 16.9% (770/4,567). Among those cases, the numerical abnormalities were 12.2% (558 cases), the structural abnormalities were 4.1% (187 cases), and others were 0.5% (25 cases). The relative frequencies of autosomal abnormalities were 6.4% (294 cases) in Down syndrome; 0.2% (7 cases) in Edwards syndrome; 0.1% (4 cases) in Patau syndrome; 0.2% (10 cases) in other abnormalities, of sex chromosome, 2.9% (131 cases) in Klinefelter syndrome; 2.2% (99 cases) in Turner syndrome; 0.2% (8 cases) in 47, XXX; 0.1% (3 cases) in 47, XYY. Among the structural abnormalities, translocation was 1.8% (84 cases), inversion was 0.8% (37 cases), deletion was 0.4% (17 cases), and insertion was 0.3% (13 cases), in order of frequency. CONCLUSION: In this study, the type, incidence and distribution of cytogenetic abnormalities by karyotype were reviewed. We hope that our study could be used as a basic information on the diagnosis, treatment and genetic counseling for chromosome abnormalities in Korea.