Sphenoid Inverted Nasal Papilloma Presenting as Chronic Headaches in a 21-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.

An inverted papilloma is a rare, benign tumor that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are the most commonly affected, while the involvement of the sphenoid sinus is rare and may be associated with malignancy. We describe the case of a 21-year-old female who presented with recurring headaches along with dizziness, difficulty concentrating, mild hypoacusis, and occasional nasal congestion. A CT of the sinuses showed a soft tissue lesion in the sphenoidal sinus with extension into the posterior ethmoidal cells. After the biopsy, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with sphenoid inverted nasal papilloma.

Amino Acid Transporters Proteins Involved in the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Their Alterations in Murine Models of Alzheimer's Disease.

The brain's ability to integrate external stimuli and generate responses is highly complex. While these mechanisms are not completely understood, current evidence suggests that alterations in cellular metabolism and microenvironment are involved in some dysfunctions as complex as Alzheimer's disease. This pathology courses with defects in the establishment of chemical synapses, which is dependent on the production and supply of neurotransmitters like glutamate and its recycling through the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Alterations in the expression and function of the amino acid transporters proteins involved in this cycle have recently been reported in different stages of Alzheimer's disease. Most of these data come from patients in advanced stages of the disease or post-mortem, due to the ethical and technical limitations of human studies. Therefore, genetically modified mouse models have been an excellent tool to analyze metabolic and even behavioral parameters that are very similar to those that develop in Alzheimer's disease, even at presymptomatic stages. Hence, this paper analyzes the role of glutamate metabolism and its intercellular trafficking in excitatory synapses from different approaches using transgenic mouse models; such an analysis will contribute to our present understanding of AD.

Lipid order, saturation and surface property relationships: a study of human meibum saturation.

Tear film stability decreases with age however the cause(s) of the instability are speculative. Perhaps the more saturated meibum from infants may contribute to tear film stability. The meibum lipid phase transition temperature and lipid hydrocarbon chain order at physiological temperature (33 °C) decrease with increasing age. It is reasonable that stronger lipid-lipid interactions could stabilize the tear film since these interactions must be broken for tear break up to occur. In this study, meibum from a pool of adult donors was saturated catalytically. The influence of saturation on meibum hydrocarbon chain order was determined by infrared spectroscopy. Meibum is in an anhydrous state in the meibomian glands and on the surface of the eyelid. The influence of saturation on the surface properties of meibum was determined using Langmuir trough technology. Saturation of native human meibum did not change the minimum or maximum values of hydrocarbon chain order so at temperatures far above or below the phase transition of human meibum, saturation does not play a role in ordering or disordering the lipid hydrocarbon chains. Saturation did increase the phase transition temperature in human meibum by over 20 °C, a relatively high amount. Surface pressure-area studies showing the late take off and higher maximum surface pressure of saturated meibum compared to native meibum suggest that the saturated meibum film is quite molecularly ordered (stiff molecular arrangement) and elastic (molecules are able to rearrange during compression and expansion) compared with native meibum films which are more fluid agreeing with the infrared spectroscopic results of this study. In saturated meibum, the formation of compacted ordered islands of lipids above the surfactant layer would be expected to decrease the rate of evaporation compared to fluid and more loosely packed native meibum. Higher surface pressure observed with films of saturated meibum compared to native meibum suggests greater film stability especially under the high shear stress of a blink.

13C and 1H NMR ester region resonance assignments and the composition of human infant and child meibum.

Recent NMR studies suggest that unsaturation may contribute to tear film instability in adults and loss of cholesteryl esters and squalene could reduce tear film stability in adults with meibomian gland dysfunction. The proton resonances were tentatively assigned in those studies. In this current investigation, meibum from seven infants and children, one adult and a pool of adult meibum have been analyzed using an NMR spectrometer with greater sensitivity and spectral resolution. The goals of this work are to confirm/correct the previous assignments and to determine possible age-related changes in composition. The initial resonance assignments were confirmed using heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy. Because there were no significant interferences in the spectral region corresponding to the resonances for cholesteryl and wax esters, the areas of these resonances were used to calculate their molar ratios. We calculated a wax ester:cholesteryl ester molar ratio of 1:0.57 ± 0.05 for all our meibum samples and there were no age-related differences. At lower film thicknesses, the rate of evaporation measured in vitro was lower for wax esters mixed with a long chain cholesteryl ester compared to wax esters alone. However, the film thicknesses tested were non-physiological. Longer chain cholesteryl esters increase the interactions between hydrocarbon chains. Hydrocarbon chains were more saturated in meibum from infants and children compared to adults. Unsaturation may contribute to tear film instability in adults. Loss of cholesteryl ester and squalene could destabilize tear film in adults with meibomian gland dysfunction.

Accuracy of Stool Antigen Test in the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in the Dominican Republic.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a well-studied infectious agent due to its pathogenic potential for peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. It has a high prevalence worldwide and has several diagnostic methods, both invasive and non-invasive. It is important to address the diagnostic efficacy of these tests, as the data vary by location and the specific population in which they are used. Therefore, an effective testing method should be obtained, evaluating the possibility of substantially reducing invasive procedures and, therefore, associated costs. OBJECTIVE: This study proposes to define the diagnostic accuracy of the stool antigen test for H. pylori infection in the Dominican Republic. METHODS: An observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The results of the stool antigen test for H. pylori infection were compared with the results of the gastric biopsy, as a gold standard test. Patients over 18 years of age with an indication for endoscopy due to suspicion of H. pylori infection, who attended the gastroenterology clinic in 2021, were included in the study. RESULTS: It was shown that the stool antigen test for H. pylori infection has a 61.54% sensitivity and 59.65% specificity. According to the study population, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 67.60% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 53.13%. CONCLUSION: Low numbers of both sensitivity and specificity were determined, which is why it is pertinent to study alternative non-invasive methods. However, it is important to assess the antibiotic exposure of the study population, since the diagnostic accuracy of the stool test can be influenced by this factor.

Assessment of infection with polyomaviruses BKV, JCV and SV40 in different groups of Cuban individuals.

We investigated the frequency of BKV, JCV and SV40 reactivation in three groups of Cuban patients by multiplex nested PCR assay of 40 paraffin-embedded colorectal neoplasm tissues, 113 urine samples, and 125 plasma samples from 27 transplant recipients, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 67 HIV-1-infected individuals with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. None of these polyomaviruses were detected in colorectal neoplasms. JCV DNA was detected in 2 of 67 patients (2.9%) with CNS disorders, but neither BKV nor SV40 was identified. BKV was found in urine from 38.5% and 28.6% of adult and pediatric transplant recipients, respectively. In adult renal transplant recipients, excretion of BKV in urine was significantly associated with episodes of acute rejection (p=0.012) and with excretion of HCMV in urine (p= 0.008). In Cuba, the polyomaviruses studied here could not be related to colorectal neoplasms, and JCV was rarely detected in CSFs of HIV-1-infected individuals, whilst BKV reactivation was found to occur frequently in organ transplant recipients.

Stability of the Larsen B ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene epoch.

The stability of the Antarctic ice shelves in a warming climate has long been discussed, and the recent collapse of a significant part, over 12,500 km2 in area, of the Larsen ice shelf off the Antarctic Peninsula has led to a refocus toward the implications of ice shelf decay for the stability of Antarctica's grounded ice. Some smaller Antarctic ice shelves have undergone periodic growth and decay over the past 11,000 yr (refs 7-11), but these ice shelves are at the climatic limit of ice shelf viability and are therefore expected to respond rapidly to natural climate variability at century to millennial scales. Here we use records of diatoms, detrital material and geochemical parameters from six marine sediment cores in the vicinity of the Larsen ice shelf to demonstrate that the recent collapse of the Larsen B ice shelf is unprecedented during the Holocene. We infer from our oxygen isotope measurements in planktonic foraminifera that the Larsen B ice shelf has been thinning throughout the Holocene, and we suggest that the recent prolonged period of warming in the Antarctic Peninsula region, in combination with the long-term thinning, has led to collapse of the ice shelf.

[School absenteeism in asthmatic students of an academic institution in Cali]. / Ausentismo escolar en estudiantes asmáticos de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Cali.

Introduction: Asthma as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that is characterized by wheezing, respiratory distress, chest tightness and cough, which occurs mainly at night or in the early hours of the morning. In spite of the diagnostic and therapeutic advances, the prevalence of this pathology worldwide continues to increase, affecting mainly the child and adolescent population, in which it generates limitations in daily physical activity, interference in sleep, absence from school days and low academic performance. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of school absenteeism in asthmatic students of an educational institution in the city of Cali. Methodology: A total of 385 students from 5 to 14 years were included in the study, to which they were supplied with the ISAAC questionnaire, which were completed by the caregivers. From the data obtained, the statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS package version 20 Results: The prevalence of asthma found was 27%, in relation to the absenteeism in this group of students it was evidenced that in total 776 days of classes had been lost during the year, with an average of 7.5 days (DE +/- 7) per student. 45% missed 1-5 times and 6% more than 20 times Conclusions: Based on the findings, it is concluded that asthma is a disease that can have clear repercussions at school level.

Introducción: El asma como una enfermedad crónica inflamatoria de las vías aéreas que se caracteriza por sibilancias, dificultad respiratoria, opresión torácica y tos, la cual se da principalmente en la noche o en las primeras horas de la mañana. A pesar de los avances diagnósticos y terapéuticos, la prevalencia de esta patología a nivel mundial sigue en aumento, afectando principalmente la población infantil y adolescente, en las que genera limitaciones en la actividad física diaria, interferencias en el sueño, ausencias a las jornadas escolares y bajo rendimiento académico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de ausentismo escolar en estudiantes asmáticos de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Cali. Metodología: Un total de 385 estudiantes de 5 a 14 años fueron incluidos en el estudio, a los cuales se les suministro el cuestionario ISAAC, los cuales fueron diligenciados por los cuidadores. A partir de los datos obtenidos se realizó el análisis estadístico en el paquete SPSS versión 20. Resultados: La prevalencia de asma encontrada fue del 27%, con relación el ausentismo en este grupo de estudiantes se evidenció que en total 776 días de clases se habían perdido durante el año, con un promedio de 7.5 días (DE +/- 7) por estudiante. El 45% faltó de 1-5 veces y un 6% más de 20 veces. Conclusiones: A partir de los hallazgos se concluye que el asma una enfermedad que puede traer claras repercusiones a nivel escolar.

Prevalence and Potential Factors Associated with Tobacco Consumption in Schooled Adolescents / Prevalencia y posibles factores asociados al consumo tabáquico en adolescentes escolarizados / Prevalência e possíveis fatores associados ao consumo de tabaco em adolescentes escolarizados

ABSTRACT Objective: This study estimates the prevalence in tobacco consumption and the associated factors in adolescents at official educational institutions in the municipality of Palmira. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis with an analytical component, including 205 high school students from six official schools. The analysis was performed through the SPSS statistics software version 24. Qualitative variables were expressed as ratios with their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Quantitative variables were expressed as central tendency and dispersion measures, depending on the distribution of the variable. Finally, an odds ratio was calculated for the associated factors with a 95 % CI and the binary logistic regression model statistical model was used to adjust the variables. Results: The tobacco consumption's overall prevalence was 38.5%, CI 95 % (31.6-45.4 %); e-cigarette, 20 %, 95 % CI (14.2-25.7 %); cigarette, 18.5 %, 95 % CI (12.9-24.1 %) and hookah, 17.9 %, 95 % CI (12.1-23 %), with a greater incidence in women than men. The resulting associated factors were age (OR 3.17, CI 95 % [1.48-6.79]), a partner who smokes (OR 2.51, 95 % CI (1.36-4.63 %), friends who smoke (OR 7.0, 95 % CI [3.4-14.5]), and the possibility of buying individual cigarettes instead of a pack (OR 2.60, 95 % CI (1.26-5.3). Conclusions: Smoking habit's overall prevalence is higher than the one reported in adolescents. Female subjects reported greater and more frequent consumption of e-cigarettes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco y los factores asociados a esta práctica en adolecentes de instituciones educativas oficiales del municipio de Palmira. Métodos: estudio transversal con un componente analítico, que incluyó 205 estudiantes de bachillerato de seis colegios oficiales. El análisis se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 24. Las variables cualitativas se expresaron como proporciones, con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95 %; y las variables cuantitativas como medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, según la distribución de la variable. Para los factores asociados, se calcularon Odds ratio con su IC al 95 %, y el ajuste de variables se realizó a través de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: la prevalencia global del consumo tabáquico fue del 38.5 %, IC 95 % (31.6-45.4 %); cigarrillo electrónico, del 20 %, IC 95 % (14.2-25.7 %); cigarrillo, del 18.5 %, IC 95 % (12.9-24.1 %); y narguile, del 17.9 %, IC 95 % (12.1-23 %), con más frecuencia en mujeres que en hombres. Los factores asociados fueron la edad (OR 3.17, IC 95 % [1.48-6.79]), tener novio que consuma tabaco (OR 2.51, IC 95 % (1.36-4.63 %), estar rodeado de amigos que fumen (OR 7.0, IC 95 % [3.4 -14.5]) y comprar cigarrillos sueltos (OR 2.60, IC 95 % (1.26-5.3). Conclusión: la prevalencia global del hábito tabáquico es superior a la reportada en adolescentes, mayor en el sexo femenino, con mayor frecuencia de consumo de cigarrillos electrónicos. Los factores asociados fueron la edad, tener novio o amigos que consuman tabaco y la posibilidad de comprar cigarrillos sueltos.

RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência do consumo de tabaco e os fatores associados a esse hábito em adolescentes de instituições educativas oficiais do município de Palmira, Colômbia. Métodos: estudo transversal com um componente analítico, que incluiu 205 estudantes do ensino médio de seis colégios oficiais. A análise foi realizada com o programa estadístico SPSS versão 24. As variáveis qualitativas foram expressas como proporções, com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC) a 95 %; as variáveis quantitativas como medidas de tendência central e dispersão, segundo a distribuição da variável. Para os fatores associados, foram calculados Odds ratio com seu IC a 95 %, e o ajuste de variáveis foi realizado por meio de regressão logística binária. Resultados: a prevalência global do consumo de tabaco foi de 38,5 %, IC 95 % (31,6-45,4 %); cigarro eletrônico, de 20 %, IC 95 % (14,2-25,7 %); cigarro, de 18,5 %, IC 95 % (12,9-24,1 %); narguilé, de 17,9 %, IC 95 % (12,1-23 %), com mais frequência em mulheres do que em homens. Os fatores associados foram a idade (OR 3,17, IC 95 % [1,48-6,79]), ter parceiro(a) que consuma tabaco (OR 2,51, IC 95 % (1,36-4,63 %), estar rodeado(a) de amigos que fumam (OR 7,0, IC 95 % [3,4 -14,5]) e comprar cigarro solto (OR 2,60, IC 95 % (1.26-5.3). Conclusões: a prevalência global do hábito tabágico é superior à relatada em adolescentes, maior no sexo feminino, com mais frequência de consumo de cigarros eletrônicos. Os fatores associados foram a idade, ter parceiro(a) ou amigos que consumam tabaco e a possibilidade de comprar cigarros soltos.

Prospective, comprehensive, and effective viral monitoring in Cuban children undergoing solid organ transplantation.

PURPOSE: In Cuba, viral monitoring in the post-transplant period was not routinely performed. The aim of this research is to identify the most frequent viruses that affect transplanted Cuban children, by implementing a viral follow-up during the post-transplant period. METHODS: The study population included all Cuban pediatric patients who underwent solid organ transplantation (SOT) between November 2009 and December 2012. A total of 34 transplanted pediatric patients of kidney (n = 11) and liver (n = 23) were prospectively monitored during a 34-week period for viral DNAemia and DNAuria by simultaneous detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, human herpesvirus 6, human adenovirus, and polyomaviruses (BKV and JCV) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Viral genome of at least one virus was detected in 21 of 34 recipients, 18 patients excreted virus in urine while 12 presented DNAemia. CMV (41.2%) and BKV (35.3%) were the most frequent viruses detected during the follow-up. CMV was the virus mainly associated with clinical symptoms and DNAemia. Its excretion in urine (with cut off value of 219 copies/mL) was associated with detection in plasma (p < 0.001); furthermore, CMV viruria was predictive of CMV viremia (OR:8.4, CI:2.4-29.1, p = 0.001). There was no association between high viral load and clinical complications, due to the prompt initiation of preemptive ganciclovir. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive viral monitoring program effectively prevents the development of critical viral disease, thus urge the implementation of qRT-PCR as routine for viral monitoring of transplanted Cuban organ recipients.

Relajación residual posoperatoria en la unidad de cuidados postanestésicos de un hospital universitario: Estudio de corte transversal / Postoperative residual curarization at the post-anesthetic care unit of a university hospital: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction: Postoperative residual curarization has been related to postoperative complications. Objective: To determine the prevalence of postoperative residual curarization in a university hospital and its association with perioperative conditions. Method: A prospective registry of 102 patients in a period of 4 months was designed to include ASA I-II patients who intraoperatively received nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Abductor pollicis response to a train-of-four stimuli based on accelleromyography and thenar eminence temperature (TOF-Watch SX®. Organon, Ireland) was measured immediately upon arrival at the postanesthetic care unit and 30 s later. Uni-bivariate analysis was planned to determine possible associations with residual curarization, defined as two repeated values of T4/T1 ratio <0.90 in response to train-of-four stimuli. Results: Postoperative residual curarization was detected in 42.2% of the subjects. Pancuronium was associated with a high risk for train-of-four response <0.9 at the arrive at postoperative care unit [RR:2.56 (IC95% 1.99-3.30); p = 0.034]. A significant difference in thenar temperature (°C) was found in subjects with train-of-four <0.9 when compared to those who reach adequate neuromuscular function (29.9 ± 1.6 vs. 31.1 ± 2.2; respectively. p = 0.003). However, we were unable to demonstrate a direct attribution of findings in train-of-four response to temperature (R² determination coefficient = 0.08%). Conclusions: A high prevalence of postoperative residual curarization persists in university hospitals, despite a reduced use of "long-lasting" neuromuscular blockers. Strategies to assure neuromuscular monitoring practice and access to therapeutic alternatives in this setting must be considered. Intraoperative neuromuscular blockers using algorithms and continued education in this field must be priorities within anesthesia services.

Introducción: La relajación residual postoperatoria ha sido asociada con mayores complicaciones postoperatorias. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de relajación residual postoperatoria en un hospital universitario y su relación con condiciones perioperatorias. Métodos: Se diseñó un registro prospectivo de 4 meses de duración, que incluyó pacientes ASA I-II que intraoperatoriamente recibieran bloqueadores neuromusculares. Se registró la respuesta del abductor pollicis a un estímulo de tren de cuatro mediante aceleromiografía y se midió la temperatura de la eminencia tenar (TOF-Watch SX®.Organon, Ireland) inmediatamente al ingreso a recuperación y a los 30 segundos. Se realizó análisis uni y bivariado para determinar posibles asociaciones con relajación residual postoperatoria, definida como dos respuestas sucesivas al estímulo tren-de-cuatro con una relación T4/T1 <0.90. Resultados: Se reclutaron 102 pacientes, encontrando una prevalencia de relajación residual del 42.2%. Pancuronio fue asociado con un riesgo elevado de TOF < 0.9 al ingreso a recuperación [RR:2,56 (IC95% 1.99-3.30); p = 0.034]. Se evidenció una diferencia significativa en la temperatura tenar de los pacientes que presentaban relajación residual, al compararla con pacientes que recuperaron su función neuromuscular [Grupo evento = 29.9 ± 1.6 (n = 43); Grupo control = 31.1 ±2.2 (n = 59)]. Sin embargo no se logró determinar una atribución directa de relajación residual a esta medición (coeficiente de determinación = 0.08%). Conclusión: Persiste una alta prevalencia de relajación residual postoperatoria en los hospitales universitarios, a pesar del uso reducido de bloqueadores neuromusculares de larga duración. Se hace indispensable encaminar estrategias para incentivar la monitoria neuromuscular y establecer algoritmos que permitan un manejo eficiente de los bloqueadores neuromusculares.

Efectos de un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar en asma severa: Presentación de caso / Effects of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program for Severe Asthma: Case Presentation / Efeitos de um programa de reabilitação pulmonar em asma severa: Estudio de caso

Objetivo: Presentar la eficacia de los programas de rehabilitación pulmonar en el tratamiento de un paciente asmático. Caso: joven de 17 años con diagnóstico de asma severa, sintomática desde los 8 años de edad, de raza blanca, estudiante de décimo grado de bachillerato. Remitida al programa de rehabilitación pulmonar luego de tres hospitalizaciones por crisis asmática en el último año, disnea en actividades de la vida diaria e intolerancia al ejercicio. En la valoración inicial se encontró una paciente con asma no controlada, recibiendo medicamentos de acción corta; admitió que no estaba obedeciendo al uso regular y a la dosis del tratamiento farmacológico y que desconocía la importancia de este compromiso para su óptima evolución. Manifestó preocupación por el deterioro respiratorio y funcional progresivo que había tenido en el último año y la presencia de ansiedad y temor al no poder respirar e interactuar en actividades propias de su edad. Un mes después de recibir broncodilatadores y esteroides de larga acción de modo permanente y de acatar las recomendaciones del uso regular y técnica adecuada, la paciente fue incluida en un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar con una frecuencia de tres veces por semana, durante ocho semanas para entrenamiento de fuerza-resistencia de miembros superiores e inferiores y educación. Obtuvo cambios funcionales significativos y mayor participación social.

Objective: to present the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation programs in the treatment of a patient with asthma. Case: this is the case of a young Caucasian girl -17 years old- with severe asthma diagnosis, with symptoms since she was eight years old, 10th grade student. She was referred to the program of Pulmonary Rehabilitation after three hospitalizations during the last year due to asthmatic crises, dyspnoea in activities of daily living, and intolerance to physical exercise. In the initial evaluation, a patient with non-controlled asthma was found; she was receiving short-acting medication admitting that she was not complying with regular use and with a prescribed dose of the pharmacological treatment and that she ignored the importance of this commitment for optimal evolution. The patient expressed concern about the progressive deterioration at her respiratory and functional level during the last year and her fear and anxiety for not being able to breathe during activities befitting her age. One month after receiving bronchodilators and long-acting steroids permanently and complying with recommendations about regular use and adequate inhalatory technique, the patient was included in a three-times-a-week program of pulmonary rehabilitation during eight weeks for upper and lower extremity endurance and resistance training. This intervention showed significant changes in the patient at functional level and a greater social participation.

Objetivo: apresentar a eficácia dos programas de reabilitação pulmonar no tratamento de um paciente com asma. Caso: isto é caso de uma jovem de 17 anos, com diagnóstico de asma grave, sintomática de 8 anos, estudante do segundo ano, o branco na escola. Apresentada no programa de reabilitação pulmonar após três internações por asma no ano passado, dispnéia em atividades de vida diária e intolerância ao exercício. Na avaliação inicial encontramos um paciente com asma não controlada, recebendo curto drogas de ação; admitiendió não estava obedecendo o uso regular e dose de tratamento medicamentoso e não sabia a importância deste compromisso para o desenvolvimento ideal. Manifestou preocupação com o comprometimento funcional respiratória progressiva e que ele tinha no ano passado e a presença de ansiedade e medo de não ser capaz de respirar e interagir em atividades etários adequados. Um mês depois de receber broncodilatadores e corticóides de longa ação permanente e respeitar as recomendações de uso regular e técnica adequada, o paciente foi incluído em um programa de reabilitação pulmonar com uma freqüência de três vezes por semana, por oito semanas de resistência treinamento de força para membros superiores e inferiores e educação. Obtido significativas benefícios funcionais e participação social.

Condición periodontal, asociada al estado de prótesis parcial removible en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de El Salvador 2010- 2014 / Periodontal condition, associated with the state of removable partial denture in patients from the School of Dentistry, University of El Salvador 2010-2014

Objetivo: Determinar la condición periodontal de dientes pilares, asociada al estado de la Prótesis Parcial Removible (PPR) en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador durante el período 2010- 2014. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional, en 62 pacientes portadores de 80 PPR con un total de 232 dientes pilares, durante el periodo de Agosto-Septiembre de 2015. Se evaluó el estado clínico de PPR y condición periodontal de dientes pilares a través de examen clínico y radiográfico, considerando que existía una condición periodontal óptima previa a la confección de la PPR. El procesamiento y tabulación de los datos se realizó en SPSS versión de prueba v20, S-Dent y la prueba Chi-Cuadrado. Resultados: La condición periodontal de dientes pilares está afectada levemente un 60.34%. Respecto a la movilidad, el 50.4% no presentó movilidad patológica. Al evaluar el estado de la PPR, el 68.75% en buen estado y 31.25% mal estado. La condición clínica del retenedor directo fue buena el 86.63% de los casos, mientras que 13.37% en mal estado. Conclusiones: El estado de la PPR influye en la condición periodontal de dientes pilares, de igual forma el estado del Retenedor Directo no influye en la condición periodontal en pacientes tratados en la FOUES.

Objective: To determine the periodontal condition of dentals abutments, associated to the state of removable partial denture in patients of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of El Salvador in the period 2010- 2014. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 62 patients with 80 PPR with a total of 232 abutment teeth during the period from August to September 2015. PPR clinical status and periodontal condition was evaluated abutments through clinical and radiographic examination considering that there was a pre- condition optimal periodontal making PPR. Processing and tabulation of the data was performed in SPSS v20 trial version, S - Dent and Chi -Square test. Results: The periodontal condition of abutments is slightly affected one 60.34%. Respect to mobility, 50.4% had no pathological mobility. Evaluating the state of the PPR, the 68.75% are in good condition and 31.25% disrepair. The clinical condition of the direct retainer was good the 86.63% of cases, while 13.37% in disrepair. Conclusions: PPR status does influence the periodontal condition of abutment teeth in treated patients; also the condition of direct retainer does not influence the periodontal condition of patients in the area of restorative in FOUES.

Efectos de un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar en un epoc severo / Effects of a program of pulmonary rehabilitacion in severe epoc

Se describe el caso de un varón de 59 años, con diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) severa, producto del consumo de cigarrillo. En la evaluación, presenta deficiencias en la capacidad aeróbica, en el desempeño muscular, en la ventilación e intercambio gaseoso, con alteración de sus volúmenes pulmonares, las cuales le ocasionaron limitación funcional y restricción en la realización de las actividades de la vida diaria. Se inició un plan de cuidado y acondicionamiento físico, consistente en incrementar la fuerza y resistencia de miembros inferiores y superiores, entrenamiento de músculos respiratorios y un plan de educación individual y grupal acerca del conocimiento y manejo de la enfermedad, además se le brindó soporte psicoterapéutico. Los resultados del programa mostraron efectos positivos en su condición de salud, en general, y en la disminución de su limitación funcional.

We report the case of a 59 year old male with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to cigarette smoking. At the clinical evaluation he presented deficit in his aerobic capabilities, in his muscular performance, in ventilation and gas exchange with variation in lung volume causing functional limitation and restriction in his daily activities. It was designed a therapeutic plan of physical training in order to increase strength and endurance in extremities, training of respiratory muscles and also Individual education and grupal program regarding knowledge and management of his illness along with psychological support. The results of this program showed improvement in his health condition and lessening his functional limitations.

Manejo de la EPOC estable en relación con la GOLD: experiencia en un hospital universitario / Stable copd management in relation to the GOLD: experience at a university hospital

Introducción: Estudio prospectivo-descriptivo que analiza el plan de atención ambulatorio del usuario con EPOC estable de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la GOLD en un hospital público en Bogota. Presenta los factores que influyen a nivel de educación, tratamiento farmacológico, rehabilitación pulmonar y oxigenoterapia. Se aplicó una encuesta para pacientes, evaluada y validada por grupo de expertos y una ficha para revisión de las historias clínicas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tres fases. En la fase I se seleccionaron los pacientes con diagnóstico primario de EPOC en etapa estable, atendidos por consulta externa que no hubieran presentado exacerbación por lo menos un mes antes de la encuesta. Se tomaron de las historias clinicas, los datos demograficos (género y edad), fechas de control previo, examenes solicitados, medicamentos formulados, remisión a programas de rehabilitación pulmonar, ejercicio y oxigenoterapia domiciliaria. En la fase II, se aplicó la encuesta a 61 pacientes adultos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y el registro de sus historias clínicas. En la fase III se hizo el anßlisis e interpretación de los resultados con un procesamiento estadístico de la información que comprendía anßlisis multivariado y univariado de datos utilizando el programa SPSS software, versión 11.5 para Windows.Resultados: Durante el período de estudio se atendieron por consulta externa en la institución 69 personas con diagnóstico primario de EPOC; de estos, 61 cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. La edad media del grupo fue 73 años y 70% eran mujeres; 50% tenía bajo nivel socioeconómico y ningún grado de escolaridad; 93% tenía dependencia económica de su familia. El mayor factor de riesgo, fue humo de leña (84%), con un promedio de exposición de 20 a±os; 30% recibió educación por parte del médico, 47% usaba broncodilatadores inhalados y 48% refería dificultades para conseguirlos.

Introduction: This paper presents a prospective and descriptive study discussing the outpatient care plan in a public hospital in Bogotß for patients with stable COPD according with the GOLD recommendations. The paper presents as well the influence of factors such as education, pharmacological treatment, pulmonary rehabilitation and oxygen-therapy. A survey was carried out among patients, and the results were evaluated and validated by a group of experts; a personal data card for the review of clinical records was considered.Materials and methods: This is a three-phase study. On the first phase, selected patients from outpatient care visits were included with a primary diagnosis of COPD on the stable condition stage; these patients had no evident exacerbation in at least one month before the survey. Clinical records, demographic data (gender, age), previous control dates, required examinations, prescribed medicines, referral to pulmonary rehabilitation programs, exercises and domiciliary oxygen-therapy were recorded. On the second phase, the survey was carried out among 61 adult patients who met the inclusion criteria and the clinical record register. On the third phase, the analysis and interpretation of the results were carried out with a statistic processing of the information, which considers multivariate and univariate data analysis using the software SPSS version 11.5 for Windows. Results: The number of patients with COPD diagnosis studied during the research period of time in our hospital outpatient service was 69, however only 61 of them fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. Sixty-one patients were interviewed, average age, 73. Seventy percent were female. Fifty percent of the participants were from low schooling, social and economic segments of the population; 50% had no formal education and 93% were family dependent. The major risk factor reported (84%) was wood fire smoke, with an average exposure of more than 20 years (72%).

Integración social y habilidades funcionales en adultos mayores / Social integration and functional skills in older adults

El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar la relación entre las variables, habilidades funcionales e integración social del adulto mayor y conocer si existen diferencias en función del sexo, la edad y el estado civil. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en la integración social en función del estado civil, siendo mayor en los adultos mayores solteros y viudos. En función de la edad, se encuentran diferencias significativas en las habilidades funcionales, siendo mayor en los adultos entre los 60 y 65 años. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en función del sexo. Se concluye que la autonomía y las habilidades funcionales del adulto mayor están estrechamente relacionadas con la frecuencia de las actividades físicas y de integración social, lo que favorece su calidad de vida y obstaculiza la aparición de cambios biopsicosociales significativos en esta etapa.

The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between variables: functional abilities and social integration of older persons and to know whether there were differences according to sex, age and marital status. The results show significant differences in social integration on the basis of marital status, being higher in the elderly unmarried and widowed; Depending on age there are significant differences in functional abilities, being higher in adults between 60 and 65 years. There were no significant differences according to sex. The conclusion is that the autonomy and functional abilities of the Elderly are closely related to the frequency of physical activities and social integration, which promotes the quality of life of older people and hampering the emergence of significant biopsychosocial changes in this stage of life.

Proyectos ambientales y sustentabilidad / Environmental and sustainability projects

Contenido: Ambiente y sustentabilidad. Críticas y propuestas sobre el desarrollo sustentable. La ordenación del territorio. Quid de la sustentabilidad. Planificación y políticas ambientales. Evaluación del impacto ambiental. Componente estratégico de la política ambiental. Control de la contaminación ambiental: una cuestión no resuelta. Gestión de los riesgos ambientales. El diagnóstico ambiental en la gestión de proyectos. La evaluación ambiental. El papel de la educación ambiental.(AU)

Proyectos ambientales y sustentabilidad / Environmental and sustainability projects

Contenido: Ambiente y sustentabilidad. Críticas y propuestas sobre el desarrollo sustentable. La ordenación del territorio. Quid de la sustentabilidad. Planificación y políticas ambientales. Evaluación del impacto ambiental. Componente estratégico de la política ambiental. Control de la contaminación ambiental: una cuestión no resuelta. Gestión de los riesgos ambientales. El diagnóstico ambiental en la gestión de proyectos. La evaluación ambiental. El papel de la educación ambiental.