Gastroesophageal reflux disease and head and neck cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been associated with head and neck cancer (HNC), including laryngeal and pharyngeal anatomical sites. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to examine these associations. METHODS: Articles were retrieved from the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases using keywords "gastroesophageal reflux disease", "laryngopharyngeal reflux", "head and neck cancer", and associated variants. Inclusion criteria were English language publications, human subjects, and controlled studies with described development of head and neck cancer among individuals with GERD. 13 studies with a total of 39,824 patients were included. RESULTS: Overall, presence of GERD was associated with an increased risk of developing HNC (OR = 1.86, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.27-2.74). This association remained significant with laryngeal cancers (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.33-2.86), but not pharyngeal cancers (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.86-2.83). Subgroup analyses of hypopharyngeal (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 0.67-7.68) and oropharyngeal subsites (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.51-3.84) were not statistically significant. Meta-analysis of studies that objectively assessed reflux, such as pH monitor placement, showed statistical significance (OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.36-5.81), while studies that used subjective reporting or chart review of GERD were not significant (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.89-2.40). Association between H. pylori infection and head and neck cancers was not statistically significant (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 0.59-11.97). CONCLUSION: A diagnosis of GERD is associated with a later diagnosis of HNC, but this association is not significant for pharyngeal cancers. Associations of GERD with HNC may be specific to laryngeal cancers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review and meta-analysis of case control studies (3a).

Use of the subscapular system by maintaining unilateral decubitus placement without repositioning in microvascular free tissue transplantation.

BACKGROUND: In microvascular free-tissue harvest and transfer, the need for repositioning from lateral decubitus position and the inability to use a two-team approach are major drawbacks of the subscapular system. We present our experience with the subscapular system for upper and lower extremity reconstruction using a two-team approach without need for repositioning. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review for all patients undergoing free flap transplant based on the subscapular system to the upper or lower extremity at our microsurgical facility from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011. Only cases not requiring intraoperative repositioning were included. Sixty-four patients underwent the two-team approach (37 upper extremity and 27 lower extremity transplants). Flap types included latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous, partial superior latissimus, dorsal thoracic fascia, serratus, scapular bone, and thoracodorsal artery perforator, either alone or as chimeric flaps. All patients were placed in the lateral decubitus position for the duration of the surgery. RESULTS: The ipsilateral subscapular system was used in 16% of cases for lower extremity defects, where the anterior tibial vessels served as recipient vessels. The contralateral subscapular system was used in all remaining cases for upper extremity or the vast majority for lower extremity (84%) defects, where either the superficial femoral, genicular, popliteal, sural, or posterior tibial vessels served as recipient vessels. With the exception of one partial flap loss secondary to infection, all flaps survived. CONCLUSIONS: Proper lateral decubitus positioning allows for a two-team approach without compromising safety or outcomes.

Alloplastic Facial Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Outcomes and Uses in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Alloplastic materials in facial surgery have been used successfully for various applications in the reconstructive restoration or aesthetic augmentation of the facial skeleton. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive systematic review of alloplastic implant materials utilized to augment the facial skeleton stratified by anatomical distribution, indication, specific material used, and respective outcomes. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic review on alloplastic facial implant data was conducted utilizing Medline/PubMed database. Articles were stratified by (1) anatomic localization in the face, as well as (2) alloplastic material. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies (n = 2100 patients, follow-up range = 1 month-27 years) were included. Overall, mersilene mesh implants were associated with the highest risk of infection (3.38%). Methyl methacrylate implants were associated with the highest rate of hematoma (5.98%). Implants placed in the malar region (2.67%) and frontal bones (2.50%) were associated with the highest rates of infection. Implants placed in the periorbital region were associated with the highest rate of inflammation (8.0%), explantation (8.0%), and poor cosmetic outcome (17.0%). Porous implants were shown to be more likely to potentiate infection than non-porous implant types. CONCLUSIONS: Alloplastic facial implants are a reliable means of restoring facial symmetry and achieving facial skeletal augmentation with a relatively low complication profile. It is important for plastic surgeons to understand the relative risks for each type of implant to develop postoperative complications or poor long-term cosmetic results. Interestingly, porous implants were shown to be more likely to potentiate infection than non-porous implant types. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Canalicular-Like Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland: A Recently Classified Tumor Highlighting the Use of Frozen Section Analysis and Surrogate IHC for Gene Rearrangement Defined Subtypes.

Canalicular-like pleomorphic adenomas are a relatively recently described entity, that possess features of both canalicular adenomas and pleomorphic adenomas. The presence of unusual HMGA2-fusion partners (most commonly HMGA2::WIF1 gene fusions) has established canalicular-like pleomorphic adenoma as a distinct entity. The use of intraoperative frozen section analysis and surrogate HMGA2 IHC are 2 tools that can provide the surgical team with valuable insight into intraoperative decision making and final classification of rare tumors of the parotid gland, respectively. We present a case of canalicular-like pleomorphic adenoma and characterize its appearance on frozen section analysis. HMGA2 IHC staining was retroactively performed, assisting in the confirmation of the tumor subtype.

Addition of an Oblique Interfragmentary Screw to T-plate Fixation Decreases Nonunion Rate in Trapeziometacarpal Arthrodesis.

Background: T-plate fixation is a popular method for trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis in patients with osteoarthritis. Previous studies report an 8% to 18% rate of symptomatic nonunion and a 26% rate of radiographic nonunion. In this study, we present our surgical technique of trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis using the addition of an oblique interfragmentary screw to T-plate fixation on the rate of symptomatic and radiographic nonunion. Methods: A retrospective review of all trapeziometacarpal arthrodeses for osteoarthritis was completed by a single surgeon between 2010 and 2018. Preoperative demographics, pain, and Eaton classification were included. The technique was identical in all surgical cases, using a T-plate and oblique interfragmentary screw across the arthrodesis site from the metacarpal to the trapezium. Postoperative nonunion rate and time to clinical healing (absence of pain) and radiographic union were reviewed. Results: A total of 22 trapeziometacarpal arthrodeses were performed on 17 patients using the above technique. The average age was 53 years, 71% were women, and 53% involved the dominant hand. Mean preoperative Eaton classification was 2.74 (±0.73). Mean time to clinical healing was 34 days (±12 days), and mean time to radiographic union was 55 days (±23 days). Mean follow-up was 9 months, and no patients were found to have symptomatic or radiographic nonunion. Hardware removal was required bilaterally in 1 patient after complete healing. Conclusions: The addition of an oblique interfragmentary screw to T-plate fixation is a novel technique in trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis, resulting in no symptomatic or radiographic nonunion.

High-pressure injection injury: a case report and systematic review.

High-pressure delivery devices for paint and other substances can lead to severe injuries of the hand without immediate surgical debridement. We present a case of a high-pressure paint gun injury treated surgically with full resolution of function. A systematic review of the literature details outcomes of similar injuries.