Prospective Validation of the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU to Screen for Delirium in Infants Less Than 6 Months Old.

OBJECTIVES: ICU delirium is a predictor of greater morbidity and higher mortality in the pediatric population. The diagnostic obstacles and validity of delirium monitoring among neonates and young infants have yet to be fully delineated. We sought to validate the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU in neonates and young infants and determine delirium prevalence in this young population. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study to validate the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU for the assessment of ICU delirium in neonates and young infants compared with the reference standard, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. SETTING: Tertiary medical center PICU, including medical, surgical, and cardiac patients. PARTICIPANTS: Infants less than 6 months old admitted to the PICU regardless of admission diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We enrolled 49 patients with a median age of 1.8 months (interquartile range, 0.7-4.1 mo), 82% requiring mechanical ventilation. Enrolled patients were assessed for delirium in blinded-fashion by the research team using the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU and independently assessed by the psychiatry reference rater using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 criteria. A total of 189 paired assessments were completed, and the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU performed with a sensitivity of 95% (95% CI, 89-100%), specificity of 81% (68-90%), "negative and positive predictive values" of 97% (94-100%) and 69% (55-79%), respectively, compared with the reference rater. Delirium prevalence was 47%, with higher rates of 61% observed among neonates (< 1 mo old) and 39% among infants 1-6 months old. CONCLUSIONS: The Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU is a valid screening tool for delirium monitoring in infants less than 6 months old. Delirium screening was feasible in this population despite evolving neurocognition and arousal architecture. ICU delirium was prevalent among infants. The consequence of acute brain dysfunction during crucial neurocognitive development remains unclear. Future studies are necessary to determine the long-term impact of ICU delirium and strategies to reduce associated harm in critically ill infants.

Factors Associated with Acute Telemental Health Consultations in Older Veterans.

Introduction: The United States Veterans Health Administration is a leader in the use of telemental health (TMH) to enhance access to mental healthcare amidst a nationwide shortage of mental health professionals. The Tennessee Valley Veterans Affairs (VA) Health System piloted TMH in its emergency department (ED) and urgent care clinic (UCC) in 2019, with full 24/7 availability beginning March 1, 2020. Following implementation, preliminary data demonstrated that veterans ≥65 years old were less likely to receive TMH than younger patients. We sought to examine factors associated with older veterans receiving TMH consultations in acute, unscheduled, outpatient settings to identify limitations in the current process. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted within the Tennessee Valley VA Health System. We included veterans ≥55 years who received a mental health consultation in the ED or UCC from April 1, 2020-September 30, 2022. Telemental health was administered by a mental health clinician (attending physician, resident physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant) via iPad, whereas in-person evaluations were performed in the ED. We examined the influence of patient demographics, visit timing, chief complaint, and psychiatric history on TMH, using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of the 254 patients included in this analysis, 177 (69.7%) received TMH. Veterans with high-risk chief complaints (suicidal ideation, homicidal ideation, or agitation) were less likely to receive TMH consultation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.95). Compared to attending physicians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants were associated with increased TMH use (AOR 4.81, 95% CI 2.04-11.36), whereas consultation by resident physicians was associated with decreased TMH use (AOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.00-0.59). The UCC used TMH for all but one encounter. Patient characteristics including their visit timing, gender, additional medical complaints, comorbidity burden, and number of psychoactive medications did not influence use of TMH. Conclusion: High-risk chief complaints, location, and type of mental health clinician may be key determinants of telemental health use in older adults. This may help expand mental healthcare access to areas with a shortage of mental health professionals and prevent potentially avoidable transfers in low-acuity situations. Further studies and interventions may optimize TMH for older patients to ensure safe, equitable mental health care.

Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the management of catatonia: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology.

The British Association for Psychopharmacology developed an evidence-based consensus guideline on the management of catatonia. A group of international experts from a wide range of disciplines was assembled. Evidence was gathered from existing systematic reviews and the primary literature. Recommendations were made on the basis of this evidence and were graded in terms of their strength. The guideline initially covers the diagnosis, aetiology, clinical features and descriptive epidemiology of catatonia. Clinical assessments, including history, physical examination and investigations are then considered. Treatment with benzodiazepines, electroconvulsive therapy and other pharmacological and neuromodulatory therapies is covered. Special regard is given to periodic catatonia, malignant catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and antipsychotic-induced catatonia. There is attention to the needs of particular groups, namely children and adolescents, older adults, women in the perinatal period, people with autism spectrum disorder and those with certain medical conditions. Clinical trials were uncommon, and the recommendations in this guideline are mainly informed by small observational studies, case series and case reports, which highlights the need for randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies in this area.

Measuring the impact of suicide attempt posttraumatic stress.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) following a medically serious suicide attempt with suicidal ideation, related interpersonal constructs, and outpatient mental health service utilization. METHODS: The study utilized an existing data set from a clinical trial consisting of 66 patients recruited at a level 1 trauma center following medical admission for a suicide attempt. Measures of suicide attempt-related PTS (SA-PTS), suicidal ideation, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and outpatient medical and mental health utilization were completed at 1 and 3 months. A series of mixed-effects regression models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Greater SA-PTS at 1 month was associated with significantly greater suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness across 1 and 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing PTS following a medically serious suicide attempt may aid in addressing suicide-specific constructs and improve the recovery trajectory following hospitalization.