Principal component analysis of texture features for grading of meningioma: not effective from the peritumoral area but effective from the tumor area.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether texture features from tumor and peritumoral areas based on sequence combinations can differentiate between low- and non-low-grade meningiomas. METHODS: Consecutive patients diagnosed with meningioma by surgery (77 low-grade and 28 non-low-grade meningiomas) underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging including T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast-enhanced T1WI (CE-T1WI). Manual segmentation of the tumor area was performed to extract texture features. Segmentation of the peritumoral area was performed for peritumoral high-signal intensity (PHSI) on T2WI. Principal component analysis was performed to fuse the texture features to principal components (PCs), and PCs of each sequence of the tumor and peritumoral areas were compared between low- and non-low-grade meningiomas. Only PCs with statistical significance were used for the model construction using a support vector machine algorithm. k-fold cross-validation with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance. RESULTS: Two, one, and three PCs of T1WI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and CE-T1WI, respectively, for the tumor area, were significantly different between low- and non-low-grade meningiomas, while PCs of T2WI for the tumor area and PCs for the peritumoral area were not. No significant differences were observed in PHSI. Among models of sequence combination, the model with PCs of ADC and CE-T1WI for the tumor area showed the highest area under the curve (0.84). CONCLUSION: The model with PCs of ADC and CE-T1WI for the tumor area showed the highest diagnostic performance for differentiating between low- and non-low-grade meningiomas. Neither PHSI nor PCs in the peritumoral area showed added value.

Intravenous Administration of Human Muse Cells Ameliorates Deficits in a Rat Model of Subacute Spinal Cord Injury.

Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are newly established pluripotent stem cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential of the systemic administration of Muse cells as an effective treatment for subacute SCI. We intravenously administered the clinical product "CL2020" containing Muse cells to a rat model two weeks after mid-thoracic spinal cord contusion. Eight experimental animals received CL2020, and twelve received the vehicle. Behavioral analyses were conducted over 20 weeks. Histological evaluations were performed. After 20 weeks of observation, diphtheria toxin was administered to three CL2020-treated animals to selectively ablate human cell functions. Hindlimb motor functions significantly improved from 6 to 20 weeks after the administration of CL2020. The cystic cavity was smaller in the CL2020 group. Furthermore, larger numbers of descending 5-HT fibers were preserved in the distal spinal cord. Muse cells in CL2020 were considered to have differentiated into neuronal and neural cells in the injured spinal cord. Neuronal and neural cells were identified in the gray and white matter, respectively. Importantly, these effects were reversed by the selective ablation of human cells by diphtheria toxin. Intravenously administered Muse cells facilitated the therapeutic potential of CL2020 for severe subacute spinal cord injury.

[Settings and Decisions of Monitoring].

Since the beginning of the 21st century, as intraoperative monitoring has been steadily spreading in Japan and globally, the values of motor-evoked potentials, visual-evoked potentials, and cortical-evoked potentials have been described. There are a wide variety of monitoring methods; the diseases handled are not limited to brain lesions, but extend also to spinal cord and spinal lesions; and there are many problems that have not yet been solved. Possible precautions are indicated by means of a video of an actual case site. Considerations are presented regarding the setting of this monitoring method, utilized in relatively frequent diseases and associated intraoperative judgments.

Association between RNF213 c.14576G>A Variant (rs112735431) and Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Stenosis in Moyamoya Disease.

BACKGROUND: Moyamoya disease (MMD) and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPAS) are relatively rare and demonstrate steno-occlusive vascular lesions in different organs. Genetic studies identified RNF213 polymorphism c.14576G>A (rs112735431) as a susceptibility variant for East Asian MMD. RNF213 polymorphism c.14576G>A is further associated with various vascular lesions of other organs. In this study, we aimed to clarify the incidence and clinical manifestations of PPAS in MMD patients and analyze the correlation between RNF213 genotype and PPAS. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study investigated the association between RNF213 polymorphism and PPAS in 306 MMD/quasi-MMD patients, reviewing the medical charts and imaging records of consecutive patients with MMD admitted from January 2015 to December 2020. RESULTS: PPAS was observed in 3 MMD/quasi-MMD patients (0.98%, 3/306). RNF213 polymorphism c.14576G>A was determined for all 306 MMD/quasi-MMD patients. The incidence of PPAS in RNF213-wildtype, RNF213-heterozygote, and RNF213-homozygote MMD/quasi-MMD patients was 0% (0/101), 0.5% (1/200), and 40% (2/5), respectively. The association between PPAS and homozygote polymorphism of RNF213 c.14576G>A was statistically significant in MMD/quasi-MMD patients (p = 0.0018). In all cases, pulmonary artery hypertension due to PPAS was evident during their childhood and young adolescent stages. Surgical indications for MMD were discouraged in 1 case due to her severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: The homozygote variant of RNF213 polymorphism c.14576G>A can be a potential predisposing factor for PPAS in MMD/quasi-MMD patients. Despite the relatively rare entity, PPAS should be noted to determine surgical indications for MMD/quasi-MMD patients.

Brain Temperature Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Predict Clinical Outcome in Patients with Infarction.

Acute ischemic stroke is characterized by dynamic changes in metabolism and hemodynamics, which can affect brain temperature. We used proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy under everyday clinical settings to measure brain temperature in seven patients with internal carotid artery occlusion to explore the relationship between lesion temperature and clinical course. Regions of interest were selected in the infarct area and the corresponding contralateral region. Single-voxel MR spectroscopy was performed using the following parameters: 2000-ms repetition time, 144-ms echo time, and 128 excitations. Brain temperature was calculated from the chemical shift between water and N-acetyl aspartate, choline-containing compounds, or creatine phosphate. Within 48 h of onset, compared with the contralateral region temperature, brain temperature in the ischemic lesion was lower in five patients and higher in two patients. Severe brain swelling occurred subsequently in three of the five patients with lower lesion temperatures, but in neither of the two patients with higher lesion temperatures. The use of proton MR spectroscopy to measure brain temperature in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion may predict brain swelling and subsequent motor deficits, allowing for more effective early surgical intervention. Moreover, our methodology allows for MR spectroscopy to be used in everyday clinical settings.

[Surgical Treatment for Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation].

In this paper, we outlined the diagnostic and treatment strategies for spinal arteriovenous malformations, focusing on dural and perimedullary arteriovenous fistula(AVF). In many patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations, the symptoms are non-specific. Therefore, we consider it is critical to detect the signal flow voids in the enlarged spinal veins using MRI. An accurate understanding of the vascular structures is indispensable for deciding appropriate treatment strategies. Hence, performing an angiography is essential. Regarding treatment, whether to select surgical or endovascular treatment for AVF depends largely on the institution's protocols. However, the treatment should always be based on an accurate diagnosis.

[Tips for Neurological Examinations in Spinal Surgery].

The appeal of spinal surgery is that it can dramatically improve patients' symptoms. To achieve this goal, establishment of preoperative diagnosis based on neurological examination is important. In this article, we will outline some tips for neurological examination in spinal surgery. The exam starts with listening to the patient's complaints. Pay attention to the patient's symptoms which change in relation to posture or movement. The muscle strength tests, sensory exams, and deep tendon reflex testing should follow. It would be fascinating if your examination skills were good enough to identify the responsible lesion causing the patient's symptoms without referring to the MRI. Neurosurgeons will be able to enjoy blissful moments with their patients, if the patients are relieved from pain or other symptoms after surgery.

Carotid web leads to new thrombus formation: computational fluid dynamic analysis coupled with histological evidence.

Carotid web has been recognized as a rare cause of ischemic stroke with high recurrence rate. We describe a 48-year-old woman with carotid web who developed embolic stroke. We obtained a fresh thrombus from the internal carotid artery when carotid endarterectomy was performed. A preoperative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study showed stagnation of blood around the web structure as well as the low wall shear stress. The rheological analysis newly disclosed mechanisms of thrombus formation related to the carotid web. CFD study in the carotid web may determine indication and timing of surgical interventions with further accumulation of clinical evidence.

The role of 5-aminolevulinic acid in spinal tumor surgery: a review.

PURPOSE: Primary intradural spinal neoplasms account for a small proportion of central nervous system tumors. The primary treatment for these tumors consists of maximal safe resection and preservation of neurologic function. Gross total resection, which is associated with the lowest rate of tumor recurrence and longer progression-free survival for most histologies, can be difficult to achieve. Currently, the use of 5-aminolevulinc acid (5-ALA) which takes advantage of Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence, is a well-established technique for improving resection of malignant cerebral gliomas. This technique is being increasingly applied to other cerebral neoplasms, and multiple studies have attempted to evaluate the utility of 5-ALA-aided resection of spinal neoplasms. METHODS: The authors reviewed the existing literature on the use of 5-ALA and PpIX fluorescence as an aid to resection of primary and secondary spinal neoplasms by searching the PUBMED and EMBASE database for records up to March 2018. Data was abstracted from all studies describing spinal neurosurgical uses in the English language. RESULTS: In the reviewed studies, the most useful fluorescence was observed in meningiomas, ependymomas, drop metastases from cerebral gliomas, and hemangiopericytomas of the spine, which is consistent with applications in cerebral neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS: The available literature is significantly limited by a lack of standardized methods for measurement and quantification of 5-ALA fluorescence. The results of the reviewed studies should guide future development of rational trial protocols for the use of 5-ALA guided resection in spinal neoplasms.

Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 Levels as a Biomarker of Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Correct diagnosis of cerebral stroke type, hemorrhagic or ischemic, is essential in the early stage to establish the optimum treatment. The diagnosis is mainly determined based on imaging studies. Other more available diagnostic methods are desirable, such as blood sample examination. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is very important in vascular dysfunction induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein, including cell apoptosis. The present study evaluated LOX-1 as a biomarker for cerebral stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed stroke were prospectively enrolled between February and July 2014. LOX-1 serum values were measured twice, within 24 hours and 2 months after the onset. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients were enrolled; 7 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 9 patients with cerebral infarction. Median LOX-1 values of patients with ICH and infarction in the acute phase were 1825.8 and 593.9 pg/mL, respectively, significantly higher in patients with ICH than in patients with infarction (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: LOX-1 serum level has potential as a biomarker of ICH.

Embolization of ruptured arteriovenous malformations in the cerebellopontine angle cistern.

Among brainstem arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), there exist small AVMs predominantly located in the cerebellopontine angle cistern (CPAC) with minimal extension into the pial surface of the brainstem. However, previous studies of CPAC AVMs did not particularly discuss the role of embolization in the treatment of these lesions. This study was conducted to clarify the effectiveness and validity of embolization in the treatment of CPAC AVMs. We retrospectively reviewed five patients with CPAC AVMs who underwent endovascular treatment. These patients were treated with embolization followed by open surgery or gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery. Radiological findings and clinical course for these patients were then assessed. All five patients presented with a hemorrhage. Angiography revealed that the main feeder contained a dilated pontine perforating artery in all cases. Embolization through the dilated pontine perforating artery effectively reduced shunt flow within the nidus or obliterated associated aneurysms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed infarction on the lateral pons in four patients, one of which developed transient mild dizziness and mild ataxia of the right side. Subsequent open surgery was performed in three patients, and GK radiosurgery was performed in two patients without complications. At the end of the follow-up period, all patients demonstrated favorable outcomes. Postoperative rebleeding did not occur in any of the patients. Disappearance of the AVM was confirmed in four patients, except in the one patient treated with GK. Although ischemic complications should be noted, embolization of CPAC AVMs may be an appropriate treatment option to reduce the risk of subsequent surgery or radiosurgery.

Application of actuator-driven pulsed water jet for coronary artery bypass grafting: assessment in a swine model.

Actuator-driven pulsed water-jet (ADPJ) dissection is an emerging surgical method for dissecting tissue without heat and mechanical injury to vessels. We elucidated the mechanical properties of the piezo ADPJ and evaluated its usefulness and safety in coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. The relationship between the input voltage (10-100 V) and peak pressure of the pulsed water jet was evaluated. The tissue strengths of swine internal thoracic and coronary arteries and the surrounding tissues were measured to assure tissue-selective dissection. Internal thoracic arteries were harvested by conventional electric cautery and the water jet in four swine, and eight coronary arteries surrounded by myocardium were attempted to be exposed with the water jet. The dissected specimens were histologically evaluated. The peak pressure of the pulsed water jet was positively correlated with the input voltage (R 2 = 0.9984, P < 0.001). The breaking strengths of the target vessels (internal thoracic and coronary arteries) and the surrounding tissues were significantly different (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). Histologic examination revealed that internal thoracic arteries were isolated with less heat damage using the pulsed water jet (P = 0.002) compared with electric cautery, and coronary arteries also were dissected without apparent histologic damage. ADPJ has the possibility of assuring tissue selectivity among the internal thoracic and coronary arteries. The results also indicated that the use of ADPJ may enhance safe procedures to harvest grafts during coronary artery bypass grafting.

Biphasic Development of Focal Cerebral Hyperperfusion After Revascularization Surgery for Adult Moyamoya Disease Associated With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral hyperperfusion (CHP) syndrome is a potential complication of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis for moyamoya disease (MMD), but its biphasic and delayed development is extremely rare. CASE REPORT: A 47-year-old woman with autosomal dominant kidney disease (ADPKD) presented with transient ischemic attacks due to MMD, and underwent left STA-MCA anastomosis. N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography (123IMP-SPECT) 1 day after surgery revealed asymptomatic CHP at the site of anastomosis. Strict blood pressure control and minocycline hydrochloride relieved CHP at postoperative day 7. However, 2 days later, the patient complained of sensory aphasia, and 123IMP-SPECT demonstrated significant focal CHP at the site of anastomosis accompanying high-intensity signal on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in her left temporal lobe near the site of anastomosis. We continued strict blood pressure control and additionally administered free radical scavenger (Edaravone) and antiepileptic agents, which gradually improved sensory aphasia. MR imaging and 123IMP-SPECT also confirmed the amelioration of the FLAIR-high lesion and focal CHP in her left temporal lobe. Two months later, the patient underwent right STA-MCA anastomosis without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Although the underlying mechanism is unknown, biphasic development of focal CHP after revascularization surgery in an MMD patient with ADPKD is unique. Due to the potential vulnerability of the systemic vessels in ADPKD, it is conceivable that intrinsic vascular wall fragility in MMD could be enhanced by ADPKD and have partly led to this rare complication.

Paradoxical Association of Symptomatic Local Vasogenic Edema with Global Cerebral Hypoperfusion after Direct Revascularization Surgery for Adult Moyamoya Disease.

BACKGROUND: Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis is the standard treatment for Moyamoya disease (MMD). Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is a potential complication of this procedure and can cause local vasogenic edema and/or delayed intracerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral hypoperfusion is a contradictory postoperative pathophysiological condition implicated in MMD, but its association with symptomatic local vasogenic edema has not been reported. CASE REPORT: A 31-year-old woman with MMD underwent left STA-MCA anastomosis 3 months after a minor completed stroke in bilateral hemispheres. Eight hours after the operation, the patient developed neurological deterioration of dysarthria and mono-paresis in her right hand. Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography showed apparently patent STA-MCA bypass, whereas MR imaging of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery demonstrated a local high-signal-intensity lesion at the vascular territory supplied by the bypass. The apparent diffusion coefficient value was significantly increased in this lesion, suggesting local vasogenic edema formation. N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography revealed global hypoperfusion in the left hemisphere. The administration of a free-radical scavenger and antiepileptic agent gradually relieved her symptoms, and MR imaging 1 month after surgery confirmed the complete disappearance of local vasogenic edema. CONCLUSIONS: Vasogenic edema may be associated not only with cerebral hyperperfusion but also with hypoperfusion after STA-MCA anastomosis for MMD. Although the exact mechanism of this rare association is unknown, the intrinsic vulnerability of intracranial vascular wall structures and the increased vascular permeability in MMD may partly explain the paradoxical association of hypoperfusion and local vasogenic edema.

Application of actuator-driven pulsed water jet in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage surgery: its effectiveness for dissection around ruptured aneurysmal walls and subarachnoid clot removal.

In clipping surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), critical steps include clot removal and dissection of aneurysms without premature rupture or brain injuries. To pursue this goal, a piezo actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) system was introduced in this study. This study included 42 patients, who suffered aSAH and underwent clipping surgery. Eleven patients underwent surgery with the assistance of the ADPJ system (ADPJ group). In the other 31 patients, surgery was performed without the ADPJ system (Control group). The ADPJ system was used for clot removal and aneurysmal dissection. The clinical impact of the ADPJ system was judged by comparing the rate of premature rupture, degree of clot removal, and clinical outcomes. Intraoperatively, a premature rupture was encountered in 18.2 and 25.8% of cases in the ADPJ and control groups, respectively. Although the differences were not statistically significant, intraoperative observation suggested that the ADPJ system was effective in clot removal and dissection of aneurysms in a safe manner. Computed tomography scans indicated the achievement of higher degrees of clot removal, especially when the ADPJ system was used for cases with preoperative clot volumes of more than 25 ml (p = 0.047, Mann-Whitney U test). Clinical outcomes, including incidence of postoperative brain injury or symptomatic vasospasm, were similar in both groups. We described our preliminary surgical results using the ADPJ system for aSAH. Although further study is needed, the ADPJ system was considered a safe and effective tool for clot removal and dissection of aneurysms.

Intra-operative hemorrhage due to hyperperfusion during direct revascularization surgery in an adult patient with moyamoya disease: a case report.

Hemorrhagic complication is one of the notable surgical complications of the revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD). Cerebral hyperperfusion (CHP) has been considered as the underlying cause of this complication. It mostly occurs several days after surgery, but the intra-operative hemorrhage immediately after bypass has not been reported previously. A 21-year-old woman presented right thalamic hemorrhage and was diagnosed as having MMD by cerebral angiography. In light of the location of the hemorrhage at the vascular territory of posterior circulation and the manifestation of transient ischemic attack during the follow-up period, she underwent revascularization surgery to prevent future ischemic attack and rebleeding. Superficial temporal artery (STA) was uneventfully anastomosed to the temporal M4 branch of the middle cerebral artery in an end-to-side manner. A few minutes after the completion of the anastomosis, hemorrhage occurred in the fissure adjacent to the site of anastomosis. Indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography just before hemorrhage showed focal early filling through the STA graft with early venous filling around the site of the anastomosis. The bleeding was controlled by immediate hypotensive therapy (systolic blood pressure 117 to 91 mmHg). The mean blood flows of the STA graft measured by ultrasonic flowmetry before and after hypotensive therapy were 52.8 and 24.2 ml/min, respectively. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on the next day after surgery showed focal hyperperfusion in the surgical side. Intra-operative ultrasonic flowmetry, ICG, and postoperative SPECT would explain that CHP was the potential cause of the hemorrhagic complication. This is the first case describing intra-operative hemorrhagic complication during revascularization surgery for MMD. Surgeons need to be aware of this rare complication and its management method.

Stereotactic radiosurgery as a feasible treatment for intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations: a single-center observation.

Spinal cord intramedullary arteriovenous malformations are rare. For patients suffering from either hemorrhage or myelopathy, surgical or endovascular interventions are indicated. However, complete eradication of the nidus is often difficult because of its intramedullary location and complex angioarchitecture. In this report, we evaluate the feasibility and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery as a treatment modality for intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Between 2010 and 2014, we performed stereotactic radiosurgery to treat four patients with intramedullary AVM and one with spinal arteriovenous metameric syndrome (one woman and four men; age range, 31-66 years). Three patients presented with myelopathy, and two suffered hemorrhages. Nidi were located in the cervical (three cases) and thoracic (two cases) spinal cord regions. Based on the angioarchitecture, surgery and endovascular embolization were indicated. When both modalities were deemed hazardous, radiosurgery using CyberKnife™ was offered. Radiation using marginal doses of 18 Gy was administered in three fractions. The mean follow-up period was 37.2 months (range, 16-62 months). After treatment, two of the three patients with myelopathy experienced either improvement or stabilization of their symptoms and one experienced worsening of dysesthesia. In two patients with hemorrhage, symptoms improved in one and remained stable in the other. No further hemorrhagic episodes were evident during follow-up. Follow-up angiograms showed marked shrinkage of the nidus located in the thoracic spinal cord in one case and angiographic stabilization in the others. As a treatment modality for intramedullary AVMs, CyberKnife™ is safe and can be considered when surgery or endovascular therapy is not indicated. To determine optimum radiation doses and protocols for treating spinal AVMs, further studies with more patients and long-term follow-up are required.

Convection-enhanced delivery of a hydrophilic nitrosourea ameliorates deficits and suppresses tumor growth in experimental spinal cord glioma models.

BACKGROUND: Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a technique allowing local infusion of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system, circumventing the blood-brain or spinal cord barrier. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) CED in controlling tumor progression in an experimental spinal cord glioma model. METHODS: Toxicity studies were performed in 42 rats following the administration of 4 µl of ACNU CED into the mid-thoracic spinal cord at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/ml. Behavioral analyses and histological evaluations were performed to assess ACNU toxicity in the spinal cord. A survival study was performed in 32 rats following the implantation of 9 L cells into the T8 spinal cord. Seven days after the implantation, rats were assigned to four groups: ACNU CED (0.25 mg/ml; n = 8); ACNU intravenous (i.v.) (0.4 mg; n = 8); saline CED (n = 8); saline i.v. (n = 8). Hind limb movements were evaluated daily in all rats for 21 days. Tumor sizes were measured histologically. RESULTS: The maximum tolerated ACNU concentration was 0.25 mg/ml. Preservation of hind limb motor function and tumor growth suppression was observed in the ACNU CED (0.25 mg/ml) and ACNU i.v. groups. Antitumor effects were more prominent in the ACNU CED group especially in behavioral analyses (P < 0.05; log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: ACNU CED had efficacy in controlling tumor growth and preserving neurological function in an experimental spinal cord tumor model. ACNU CED can be a viable treatment option for spinal cord high-grade glioma.

Blood Flow Into Basilar Tip Aneurysms: A Predictor for Recanalization After Coil Embolization.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hemodynamic forces may play a role in the recanalization of coiled aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of presurgical hemodynamics on the efficacy of coil embolization for basilar tip aneurysms. METHODS: We identified 82 patients who underwent endovascular coil embolization for basilar tip aneurysms with a follow-up of >1 year. Presurgical hemodynamics were investigated using computational fluid dynamics with 3-dimensional data derived from rotational angiography. During postprocessing, we quantified the rate of net flow entering the aneurysm through its neck and calculated the proportion of the aneurysmal inflow rate to the basilar artery flow rate. In addition, we investigated the correlation between the basilar bifurcation configuration and the hemodynamics. RESULTS: Twenty-five of the 82 patients were excluded because of difficult vascular geometry reconstruction. Among the 57 examined patients, angiographic recanalization was observed in 19 patients (33.3%). The proportion of the aneurysmal inflow rate to the basilar artery flow rate and a coil packing density <30% were independent and significant predictors for the recanalization of coiled aneurysms. Additional investigation revealed that a small branch angle formed by the basilar artery and the posterior cerebral artery increased blood flow into the aneurysm. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of the aneurysmal inflow rate to the basilar artery flow rate, influenced by the basilar bifurcation configuration, was an independent and significant predictor for recanalization after coil embolization in basilar tip aneurysms.

A study of prognostic factors in 45 cases of atypical meningioma.

BACKGROUND: Atypical meningioma differs from Grade I meningioma in terms of high recurrence rate and short life expectancy. We evaluated the clinical course of atypical meningioma and investigated prognostic factors affecting its outcomes. METHOD: We reviewed 45 patients with atypical meningioma who underwent surgical intervention between January 2000 and December 2013. The mean age of the patients and mean follow-up period was 58.7 years and 81.0 months, respectively. Analyses included factors such as patient age, gender, location and size of tumor, extent of surgical resection (Simpson Grading System), and MIB-1 labeling index (LI). Univariate analysis was used to detect prognostic factors associated with recurrence and survival. RESULTS: The 5-year recurrence-free rate for all 45 patients was 58.4 %; 5- and 10-year survival rates were 83.2 % and 79.9 %, respectively. In univariate analyses, age >60 years, and MIB-1 LI correlated with disease recurrence, whereas age >60 years, subtotal surgical resection, MIB-1 LI, and indication for radiotherapy correlated with death. MIB-1 LI levels higher than 12.8 % and 19.7 % predicted recurrence and death, respectively. In our cohort, 26 patients received postoperative radiotherapy including conventional radiation (n = 21) or gamma knife radiosurgery (n = 5). Postoperative radiotherapy did not decrease recurrence rates in our cohort (p = 0.63). Six and two patients who died during the study period underwent conventional radiation and radiosurgery, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Age, male gender, extent of surgical resection, and higher MIB-1 LI influenced the outcome of atypical meningioma. In our cohort, postoperative radiotherapy failed to provide long-term tumor control. Following incomplete surgical resection of atypical meningioma in elderly patients, adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy may not be an ideal treatment option, particularly when MIB-1 LI is higher than 19.7 %.