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1.
Can Vet J ; 64(5): 465-473, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37138710

RESUMO

Objective: Surveillance data on companion animals in western Canada are extremely limited. Previous research by the principal investigators established a list of potential canine pathogens of relevance to public health for inclusion in the Western Canadian Companion Animal Surveillance Initiative (CASI). Our objective was to assess veterinary interest in contributing to companion animal surveillance, and to gather baseline data on specific canine pathogens of interest to create surveillance-specific case definitions. Procedure: An invitation to participate in an online survey was disseminated to all clinical veterinarians across the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Results: There was a moderate level of interest (median: 7.5/10) from veterinarians to participate in the surveillance of companion animals. The majority (85%, 51/60) of veterinarians participating in the survey recorded diagnosing at least 1 of the pathogens of interest over a 5-year interval. Based on survey responses, several surveillance case definitions were formulated for pathogen groups of interest, most of which require laboratory testing for confirmation. Conclusion and clinical relevance: This study identified the willingness, practicality, and importance of veterinarians or veterinary clinics participating in companion animal surveillance.


Élaboration d'un cadre pour une initiative de surveillance des animaux de compagnie dans l'Ouest canadien : définitions de cas et r ô le du vétérinaire. Objectif: Les données de surveillance sur les animaux de compagnie dans l'Ouest canadien sont extrêmement limitées. Des recherches antérieures menées par les chercheurs principaux ont établi une liste d'agents pathogènes canins potentiels pertinents pour la santé publique à inclure dans l'Initiative de surveillance des animaux de compagnie de l'Ouest canadien (CASI). Notre objectif était d'évaluer l'intérêt des vétérinaires à contribuer à la surveillance des animaux de compagnie et de recueillir des données de base sur des agents pathogènes canins spécifiques d'intérêt afin de créer des définitions de cas spécifiques à la surveillance. Procédure: Une invitation à participer à un sondage en ligne a été diffusée à tous les vétérinaires cliniques des provinces de l'Alberta, de la Saskatchewan et du Manitoba. Résultats: Il y avait un niveau d'intérêt modéré (médiane : 7,5/10) de la part des vétérinaires pour participer à la surveillance des animaux de compagnie. La majorité (85 %, 51/60) des vétérinaires participant à l'enquête ont déclaré avoir diagnostiqué au moins un des agents pathogènes d'intérêt sur un intervalle de 5 ans. Sur la base des réponses à l'enquête, plusieurs définitions de cas de surveillance ont été formulées pour des groupes d'agents pathogènes d'intérêt, dont la plupart nécessitent des tests de laboratoire pour confirmation. Conclusion et pertinence clinique: Cette étude a identifié la volonté, l'aspect pratique et l'importance des vétérinaires ou des cliniques vétérinaires participant à la surveillance des animaux de compagnie.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Animais de Estimação , Médicos Veterinários , Animais , Cães , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Registros/veterinária , Alberta
2.
Can Vet J ; 64(10): 941-950, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37780475

RESUMO

This scoping review aims to establish a comprehensive definition of the term "underserved" as it applies to communities, individuals, and populations with inadequate access to animal health services, particularly for dogs. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and analyzed 30 articles, applying concepts of One Health and social determinants of health, by using 3 pre-determined categories of contributors to and indicators of underservice. The review categorized article-specific exemplars into veterinary-dependent barriers; community- and individual-related barriers; and health and welfare indicators; with subcategories illustrating features of underserved communities, individuals, or populations in each category. Ultimately, 3 definitions were developed. Animal Health Underserved Areas (AHUA) identify negative human and animal health and welfare outcomes secondary to inadequate access to animal health services in the community. Individuals may identify as underserved based on the same criteria (Animal Health Underserved Individuals, AHUI), and certain groups within otherwise adequately served areas may be identified as Animal Health Underserved Populations (AHUP). The AHUA, AHUI, and AHUP are frequently characterized as rural, remote, and/or Indigenous, and often face systemic marginalization. This inequitable access to animal health services creates human, animal, and community health challenges, underscoring the need for veterinary professionals and other stakeholders to prioritize equitable access to care. Findings from this review should inform development of a scoring system to enable comparative assessment of communities, individuals, and populations and allow strategic service and resource allocation in the future.


Définition du terme « mal desservi ¼ : un examen de la portée vers une description normalisée de l'accès inadéquat aux services vétérinaires. Cet examen de la portée vise à établir une définition complète du terme « mal desservi ¼ tel qu'il s'applique aux communautés, aux individus et aux populations ayant un accès inadéquat aux services de santé animale, en particulier pour les chiens. La revue a adhéré aux directives PRISMA et a analysé 30 articles, appliquant les concepts d'Une seule santé et des déterminants sociaux de la santé, en utilisant 3 catégories prédéterminées de contributeurs et d'indicateurs de sous-service. La recension a classé les exemples spécifiques à l'article en barrières dépendantes des vétérinaires; les obstacles liés à la communauté et à l'individu; et indicateurs de santé et de bien-être; avec des sous-catégories illustrant les caractéristiques des communautés, des individus ou des populations mal desservis dans chaque catégorie. Pour finir, 3 définitions ont été élaborées. Les zones mal desservies en santé animale (AHUA) identifient les résultats négatifs en matière de santé et de bienêtre humains et animaux secondaires à un accès insuffisant aux services de santé animale dans la communauté. Les individus peuvent être identifiés comme mal desservis sur la base des mêmes critères (Individus mal desservis en santé animale ­ AHUI), et certains groupes dans des zones par ailleurs correctement desservies peuvent être identifiés comme des populations mal desservies en santé animale (AHUP). Les AHUA, AHUI et AHUP sont souvent qualifiées de rurales, éloignées et/ou autochtones et sont souvent confrontées à une marginalisation systémique. Cet accès inéquitable aux services de santé animale crée des problèmes de santé humaine, animale et communautaire, soulignant la nécessité pour les professionnels vétérinaires et les autres parties prenantes de donner la priorité à un accès équitable aux soins. Les conclusions de cet examen devraient éclairer le développement d'un système de notation pour permettre une évaluation comparative des communautés, des individus et des populations et permettre à l'avenir une allocation stratégique des services et des ressources.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Área Carente de Assistência Médica , Medicina Veterinária , Animais , Cães , Saúde Pública , Medicina Veterinária/normas , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/normas
3.
Can Vet J ; 63(2): 171-177, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35110775

RESUMO

From 2007 to 2019, the Western College of Veterinary Medicine Disease Investigation Unit conducted lead investigations in 12 beef cow-calf herds and tested 1104 presumed exposed but clinically unaffected cattle, 49 of which were unsafe for slaughter (blood lead ≥ 0.1 ppm). In all investigations, the lead source should be evaluated, and all potentially exposed animals intended for food should be tested. Clinically affected animals should be tested individually. Individual testing of clinically unaffected animals may be expensive for large groups. However, pooling a conservative number of blood samples (n = 2 to 5) from clinically unaffected cattle may efficiently identify groups that are safe for slaughter. If a pooled test produces a blood lead concentration over the minimum threshold (0.1 ppm/n), these samples should be individually re-tested. Herd size, lead toxicity prevalence, pool size, and number of pools that require individual re-testing all affect the potential cost savings of pooled testing.


L'épidémiologie et l'économie des tests d'échantillons groupés pour les enquêtes sur les maladies d'exposition au plomb chez les bovins de boucherie en Saskatchewan (2007­2019). De 2007 à 2019, l'Unité d'investigation des maladies du Western College of Veterinary Medicine a mené des enquêtes sur le plomb dans 12 troupeaux de vaches-veaux de boucherie et a testé 1104 bovins présumés exposés mais cliniquement non affectés, dont 49 étaient dangereux pour l'abattage (plomb sanguin ≥ 0,1 ppm). Dans toutes les enquêtes, la source de plomb doit être évaluée et tous les animaux potentiellement exposés destinés à l'alimentation doivent être testés. Les animaux cliniquement atteints doivent être testés individuellement. Les tests individuels d'animaux cliniquement indemnes peuvent être coûteux pour les grands groupes. Cependant, le regroupement d'un nombre prudent d'échantillons de sang (n = 2 à 5) provenant de bovins cliniquement indemnes peut identifier efficacement les groupes qui sont sans danger pour l'abattage. Si un test groupé produit une concentration sanguine de plomb supérieure au seuil minimum (0,1 ppm/n), ces échantillons doivent être retestés individuellement. La taille du troupeau, la prévalence de la toxicité du plomb, la taille du pool et le nombre de pools qui nécessitent un nouveau test individuel affectent tous les économies de coûts potentielles des tests groupés.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Chumbo , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Prevalência , Saskatchewan/epidemiologia
4.
Can Vet J ; 62(5): 477-483, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33967286

RESUMO

The goal of this study was to establish a short list of zoonotic pathogens involving the domestic dog that can be prioritized for a companion animal surveillance program specific to the Prairie Provinces of Canada. A list of pathogens documented in dogs was created through a comprehensive review of infectious disease textbooks for the following taxonomical categories: bacteria, ectoparasites, fungi, helminths, protozoa, rickettsia, and viruses. This created an initial list of 594 pathogens that was then pared down through an extensive review of the literature using the following criteria: i) the pathogen is zoonotic/sapronotic/anthroponotic; ii) the dog is involved in transmission to humans, maintenance, or detection of the pathogen; and iii) there is a level of risk for occurrence of the pathogen in Canada. This process yielded a final list of 84 pathogens and 3 supplementary lists of canine zoonotic/sapronotic/anthroponotic pathogens that may become relevant to future surveillance programs.


Définition des agents pathogènes zoonotiques canins importants dans les provinces des Prairies du Canada. Le but de cette étude était d'établir une courte liste d'agents pathogènes zoonotiques impliquant le chien domestique qui peuvent être priorisés pour un programme de surveillance des animaux de compagnie propre aux provinces des Prairies du Canada. Une liste d'agents pathogènes documentés chez les chiens a été créée grâce à un examen complet des manuels sur les maladies infectieuses pour les catégories taxonomiques suivantes : bactéries, ectoparasites, champignons, helminthes, protozoaires, rickettsies et virus. Cela a créé une liste initiale de 594 agents pathogènes qui a ensuite été réduite grâce à un examen approfondi de la littérature en utilisant les critères suivants : i) l'agent pathogène est zoonotique/sapronotique/anthroponotique; ii) le chien est impliqué dans la transmission à l'homme, le maintien ou la détection de l'agent pathogène; et iii) il existe un niveau de risque d'apparition de l'agent pathogène au Canada. Ce processus a donné une liste finale de 84 agents pathogènes et trois listes supplémentaires d'agents pathogènes zoonotiques/sapronotiques/anthroponotiques canins qui pourraient devenir pertinents pour les futurs programmes de surveillance.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis , Doenças do Cão , Rickettsia , Animais , Canadá/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Pradaria , Zoonoses/epidemiologia
5.
Vet Pathol ; 57(5): 623-631, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32812522

RESUMO

Equus caballus papillomavirus type-2 (EcPV-2) has been proposed as a causal factor in equine genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study had 2 objectives: first, calculate the frequency of papillomavirus (PV) and EcPV-2 infection in papillomas, carcinomas in situ (CIS), and SCCs in Western Canadian horses; and second, determine if EcPV-2 status of equine SCCs is associated with overall survival (OS). EcPV-2 status of 115 archived tissue samples, spanning 6 years, was determined using broad spectrum (MY09/11) and EcPV-2-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, EcPV-2-E6/E7 chromogenic RNA in situ hybridization (R-ISH), and amplicon sequencing. A retrospective survey gathered data on history, outcome, breeding, treatment, and rationales of referring veterinarians when managing PV-associated diseases. Histologic grade and completeness of surgical margins of SCCs were also considered. EcPV-2 DNA was identified in 10/58 (17%) SCC, 8/27 (30%) papillomas, 0/5 CIS, and 0/11 lesions identified as "other." Overall, 18/101 (18%) of these lesions were positive for EcPV-2. EcPV-2 was identified in 10/35 (29%) SCCs arising from genital tissues but in 0/22 SCCs from other locations. There was no association between breeding history and EcPV-2 status of genital SCCs. EcPV-2 status of genital SCCs was not associated with OS (P = .76). The strongest negative predictors of OS were a lack of treatment (P < .01) and recurrence post-treatment (P < .01). Weaker predictors of OS included older age at time of diagnosis (P = .02). Completeness of margins at surgical excision, concurrent disease, treatment type, anatomic location of the SCC (anogenital vs other), and histologic grade of the SCC did not influence OS (P > .1).


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/veterinária , Animais , Canadá/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Genitália/virologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/virologia , Cavalos , Hibridização In Situ/veterinária , Masculino , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida
6.
Can Vet J ; 61(10): 1055-1059, 2020 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33012819

RESUMO

Four outbreaks of American foulbrood were investigated in honey-bee operations in Saskatchewan during the summer of 2019. Clinical signs were confirmed by the Saskatchewan Provincial Specialist in Apiculture and the causative agent was cultured and identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Evaluation of management practices revealed off-label metaphylactic use of oxytetracycline in 3 of 4 operations and a discontinuation of antibiotic use in the fourth. Recent regulatory changes regarding access to medically important antimicrobials has provided an opportunity for veterinarians to promote evidence-based use of antimicrobials in apiculture while safe-guarding the health of commercial honeybee populations and the economic viability of their producers.


Enquête sur des poussées de cas cliniques de loque américaine dans des opérations d'abeilles mellifères en Saskatchewan. Quatre poussées de cas de loque américaine furent investiguées dans des opérations d'abeilles mellifères en Saskatchewan durant l'été 2019. Les signes cliniques furent confirmés par le Spécialiste provincial en apiculture de la Saskatchewan et l'agent causal fut cultivé et identifié par spectroscopie de masse par ionisation laser assistée par une matrice et analyse à temps de vol (MALDI-TOF MS). Une évaluation des pratiques de gestion a révélé l'utilisation métaphylactique en dérogation d'oxytétracycline dans trois des quatre opérations et un arrêt de l'utilisation d'antibiotique dans la quatrième. Des changements réglementaires récents concernant l'accès à des antimicrobiens importants médicalement ont fourni une opportunité aux vétérinaires de faire la promotion de l'utilisation factuelle des antimicrobiens en apiculture tout en conservant la santé des populations d'abeilles mellifères et la viabilité économique des apiculteurs.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Mel , Animais , Abelhas , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Saskatchewan/epidemiologia , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/veterinária , Estados Unidos
7.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol ; 76(3): 375-393, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30617606

RESUMO

There is growing interest in the role of environmental exposures in the development of diabetes. Previous studies in rural Saskatchewan have raised concerns over drinking water contaminants, including arsenic, which has been identified as a possible risk factor for diabetes. Using administrative health and water-quality surveillance data from rural Saskatchewan, an ecological study design was used to investigate associations between concentrations of arsenic, water health standards and aesthetic objectives, and the incidence and prevalence of diabetes. Mixtures of contaminants measured as health standards or as aesthetic objectives were summarized using principal component (PC) analysis. Associations were modeled using Bayesian hierarchical models incorporating both spatial and unstructured random effects, standardized for age and sex, and adjusted for socioeconomic factors and a surrogate measure for smoking rates. Arsenic was not associated with an increased risk of diabetes. For private wells, having groundwater arsenic concentrations in the highest quintile was associated with decreased cumulative diabetes incidence for 2010-2012 (risk ratio [RR] = 0.854, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.761-0.958) compared with the lowest quintile, a result inconsistent with other studies. For public water supplies, having a first PC score for health standards (primarily summarized selenium, nitrate, and lead) in the third quintile (RR = 1.101, 95% CrI 1.019-1.188), fourth quintile (RR = 1.088, 95% CrI 1.003-1.180), or fifth quintile (RR = 1.115, 95% CrI 1.026-1.213) was associated with an increase in 2010 diabetes prevalence compared with the first quintile. An increase in the PC scores for the third aesthetic objective in private wells (characterized primarily by iron and manganese) was associated with decreased diabetes incidence, although a meaningful dose-response relationship was not evident. No other associations between PC scores for health standards or aesthetic objectives from public or private water supplies and diabetes were identified.


Assuntos
Arsênio/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Água Subterrânea/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Qualidade da Água , Teorema de Bayes , Feminino , Água Subterrânea/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Saskatchewan , Abastecimento de Água
8.
Can Vet J ; 60(11): 1199-1206, 2019 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31692681

RESUMO

This retrospective study describes the detection of equine infectious anemia (EIA) during Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) disease investigations in Canada, examines aspects of importance for disease control, and evaluates potential animal-level risk factors for EIA in high-risk horses. Based on review of all EIA-positive samples and all samples collected during disease investigations (N = 4553) over a 4-year period (2009 to 2012), 409 EIA cases were detected. Horse owners with EIA cases owned between 1 and 60 affected animals, and 49 horses seroconverted during a disease investigation period. Twenty-nine percent of cases (n = 68) for which this information was available had, or possibly had, clinical signs of EIA. Using a mixed effects logistic regression model, horses in older age groups were at greater odds of having a positive EIA status. The study emphasizes the importance of disease investigation activities when EIA is detected and identifies age as an animal-level risk factor in high-risk horses.


Enquêtes médicales pour l'anémie infectieuse équine au Canada (2009­2012) ­ Évaluation rétrospective et analyse des facteurs de risques. Cette étude rétrospective décrit la détection de l'anémie infectieuse équine (EIA) durant les enquêtes médicales de l'Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments (CFIA) au Canada, examine les aspects importants pour la maitrise de la maladie, et évalue les facteurs de risque potentiels au niveau des animaux pour l'EIA chez les chevaux à risque élevé. Sur la base d'une revue de tous les échantillons positifs pour l'EIA et tous les échantillons prélevés durant les enquêtes (N = 4553) pendant une période de 4 ans (2009­2012), 409 cas d'EIA furent détectés. Les propriétaires de chevaux avec EIA possédaient entre 1 et 60 animaux affectés, et 49 chevaux ont séro-converti durant une période d'enquête. Vingt-neuf pourcents des cas (n = 68) pour lesquels l'information était disponible avaient, ou avaient possiblement eu, des signes cliniques d'EIA. Utilisant un modèle de régression logistique à effets mixtes, les chevaux des groupes d'animaux plus âgés étaient à plus grand risque d'avoir un statut positif pour l'EIA. Cette étude fait ressortir l'importance des activités d'enquêtes médicales lorsque l'EIA est détectée et identifie l'âge comme étant un facteur de risque au niveau de l'animal chez les chevaux à risque élevé.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Anemia Infecciosa Equina , Vírus da Anemia Infecciosa Equina , Animais , Canadá , Análise Fatorial , Cavalos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
9.
Environ Res ; 167: 329-340, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30092455

RESUMO

Associations between groundwater quality and the prevalence of hypertension and ischemic heart disease were investigated in rural areas of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The partially ecological study was analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical models to account for spatial variability in risk. Exposure measures and health outcomes were estimated based on previously collected water quality surveillance data from public water supplies and private wells and administrative health data. Water quality exposures for each study region were estimated by applying geostatistical techniques to arsenic concentrations and principal component (PC) scores. The PC scores summarized groups of parameters measuring either health standards or aesthetic objectives described by the province. Generalized linear mixed models with a log link assessed associations between water quality and observed count of health outcomes relative to the expected value. The Bayesian models contained uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects for each geographic region. Effect estimates were controlled for sex and age by stratification of case and expected case counts, for smoking by inclusion of sex- and age-specific prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a surrogate covariate, and for education and income by use of census data. There was no evidence for associations between groundwater arsenic concentrations in public or private water supplies and increased risk of hypertension or cardiovascular disease. An increase in the second aesthetic objectives PC score from public supplies was associated with a protective effect against ischemic heart disease. This PC value summarized hardness and magnesium Similarly, an increase in the second aesthetic objectives PC in private supplies was associated with decreased prevalence of hypertension. The results of this study are consistent with others demonstrating a relationship between elevated hardness and magnesium concentrations in drinking water and reduced risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Further investigation is warranted with individual exposure history, particularly with respect to the potential beneficial effect of hard water on the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.


Assuntos
Arsênio/análise , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Água Subterrânea/química , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Teorema de Bayes , Humanos , Saskatchewan/epidemiologia
10.
Can Vet J ; 59(5): 491-499, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29904201

RESUMO

Rural, remote, and Indigenous communities often contend with free-roaming dog populations, increasing the risk of aggressive dog encounters, particularly dog bites and fatal dog attacks. This qualitative survey gathered a range of perspectives to ascertain the current veterinary services available in rural, remote, and Indigenous communities of northern Manitoba, as well as needs, barriers to, and considerations for future veterinary care provision. Survey results indicated terminology such as "overpopulation" and "rescue" need to be carefully considered as they may have negative connotations for communities. While veterinary services such as vaccination and deworming are important for public health, most programs were focused on sterilization. There was consensus that conversations must begin with individual communities to determine what services are needed and how to fulfil those needs. Perceived barriers include the remoteness of communities, finances, and culturally different views of veterinary medicine. Recommendations for future delivery of services include increased frequency and funding of current models, while others focused on different methods of delivery; all of which will require further discussions within the veterinary community and with other stakeholders.


Réflexions concernant la prestation de services vétérinaires dans les régions insuffisamment desservies : exemple de cas dans le nord du Manitoba, au Canada. Les collectivités autochtones rurales et éloignées doivent souvent gérer des populations de chiens errants, ce qui augmente le risque de rencontres avec des chiens agressifs, particulièrement des morsures de chien et d'attaques mortelles par des chiens. Cette enquête qualitative a réuni un éventail de points de vue afin de déterminer les services vétérinaires actuellement disponibles dans les collectivités autochtones rurales et éloignées dans le nord du Manitoba, ainsi que les besoins, les obstacles et les considérations pour la prestation future de soins vétérinaires. Les résultats de l'enquête ont indiqué que la terminologie de «surpopulation¼ ou de «secours¼ doit être soigneusement considérée car elle évoque des connotations négatives pour les collectivités. Même si les services vétérinaires comme la vaccination et la vermifugation sont importants pour la santé publique, la plupart des programmes se concentraient sur la stérilisation. Il y avait un consensus que les conversations doivent être entamées dans les collectivités individuelles afin de déterminer les services qui sont requis et comment répondre à ces besoins. Les obstacles perçus incluent l'éloignement des collectivités, les finances et des vues culturelles différentes de la médecine vétérinaire. Des recommandations pour la prestation future de services incluent une fréquence accrue et le financement des modèles actuels, tandis que d'autres portent sur des modes de prestation différents. Toutes ces recommandations exigeront des discussions approfondies au sein de la collectivité vétérinaire et avec les autres intervenants.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas , Cães , Saúde Pública , População Rural , Medicina Veterinária , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Coleta de Dados , Humanos , Manitoba , Propriedade , Controle da População
11.
J Vet Med Educ ; 45(4): 437-447, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30285599

RESUMO

An understanding of the One Health and EcoHealth concepts by students is dependent on medical pedagogy and veterinary medical pedagogy having similarities that allow a common discourse. Medical pedagogy includes a focus on the social, political, and economic forces that affect human health, while this discourse is largely absent from veterinary medical pedagogy. There is, however, a gradient in health that human and animal populations experience. This health gradient in human populations, which runs from low to high according to the World Health Organization, is largely explained by "the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age."1,2 Regarding the human health gradient, other authors have broadened the list of conditions to include access to health care systems used to prevent disease and treat illness, and the distribution of power, money, and resources, which are shaped by social, economic, and political forces.1,2 In human medicine, these conditions are collectively termed the social determinants of health (SDH). Veterinarians who work with the public encounter people and their animals at both the low and the high end of the health gradient. This article explores the concept of the parallel social determinants of animal health (SDAH) using examples within urban, rural, and remote communities in North America as well as abroad. We believe that in order to understand the One Health paradigm it is imperative that veterinary pedagogy include information on, and competence in, SDH and SDAH to ultimately achieve improvements in human, animal, and environmental health and wellbeing.

12.
Can Vet J ; 58(12): 1294-1300, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29203939

RESUMO

This retrospective study was undertaken to estimate i) the surveillance coverage for equine infectious anemia (EIA) based on owner-requested testing, and ii) the incidence of case detection from this surveillance activity to inform a review of Canada's national disease control strategy. Based on sample submissions by accredited veterinarians to laboratories CFIA-approved for EIA testing between 2009 and 2012, the estimated national surveillance coverage was 14% for all years, and 72 cases of EIA were detected. The annual national incidence of EIA detection ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 cases/1000 horses. On average, a greater proportion of the horse population was tested in eastern Canada (32%) than in western Canada (6%, P < 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of EIA detection was higher in western Canada (0.25 cases/1000 horses) than in eastern Canada (0.02 cases/1000 horses, P < 0.0001). This study identified regional differences in owner-requested EIA testing and case detection resulting from this testing activity.


Étude rétrospective des tests demandés par les propriétaires comme surveillance pour l'anémie infectieuse équine au Canada (2009­2012). Cette étude rétrospective a été entreprise afin d'estimer i) la couverture de surveillance pour l'anémie infectieuse équine (AIE) basée sur les tests demandés par les propriétaires et ii) l'incidence de détection des cas à partir de cette activité de surveillance pour documenter un examen de la stratégie nationale de contrôle des maladies du Canada. L'estimation de la couverture nationale de surveillance, basée sur les soumissions d'échantillons par les vétérinaires autorisés aux laboratoires approuvés par l'ACIA pour l'AIE entre 2009 et 2012, était de 14 % pour toutes les années et 72 cas d'AIE ont été détectés. L'incidence nationale annuelle de la détection de l'AIE variait de 0,03 à 0,08 cas/1000 chevaux. En moyenne, une proportion supérieure de la population équine de l'Est du Canada (32 %) subissait des tests par rapport à l'Ouest canadien (6 %, P < 0,0001). L'incidence cumulative de la détection de l'AIE était supérieure dans l'Ouest canadien (0,25 cas/1000 chevaux) par rapport à l'Est du Canada (0,02 cas/1000 chevaux, P < 0,0001). Cette étude a identifié des différences régionales pour les tests de l'AIE demandés par les propriétaires et la détection des cas découlant de cette activité d'épreuve diagnostique.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Anemia Infecciosa Equina/epidemiologia , Animais , Canadá/epidemiologia , Anemia Infecciosa Equina/diagnóstico , Anemia Infecciosa Equina/prevenção & controle , Cavalos , Incidência , Vigilância da População , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
Can Vet J ; 57(1): 37-45, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26740696

RESUMO

In December 2011, the Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) Task Force in Saskatchewan recommended that research be conducted on the relationship between the proximity of bison and sheep under typical commercial production settings and bison deaths due to MCF. The objective of this study was to evaluate all causes of death in bison herds and compare the incidence of MCF in herds at varying distances of exposure from sheep operations. Necropsies were completed on 76 of 133 bison reported to have died during the 18-month study period. A total of 7 MCF deaths was reported from 2 large herds within 1.0 km of sheep operations. Although there was a greater risk of MCF deaths in bison herds within 1.0 km of sheep operations than in herds more than 1.0 km away, the overall incidence of MCF deaths within the study period was very low. Most deaths were attributed to non-infectious causes, including copper deficiency.


Étude observationnelle de la mortalité dans des fermes de bisons en Saskatchewan, avec une emphase particulière sur la fièvre catarrhale maligne des bovins. En décembre 2011, le groupe de travail de la Saskatchewan sur la fièvre catarrhale maligne des bovins (FCM) a recommandé la réalisation de travaux de recherche pour étudier le lien entre la proximité des bisons et des moutons dans des milieux de production commerciaux typiques et la mortalité des bisons attribuable à la FCM. La recherche avait pour but d'évaluer toutes les causes de mortalité dans les troupeaux de bisons, puis de comparer l'incidence de la FCM dans les troupeaux à diverses distances d'exposition des exploitations d'élevage de moutons. Des nécropsies ont été réalisées sur 76 des 133 bisons dont la mort a été signalée durant la période d'étude de 18 mois. Un total de sept morts causées par la FCM a été signalé dans deux grands troupeaux situés à une distance de moins de 1 km. Le risque de mortalité pour cause de FCM était supérieur dans les troupeaux de bisons situés à moins de 1 km des exploitations de moutons que dans les troupeaux situés à une distance de plus de 1 km. Cependant, l'incidence totale de mortalité causée par la FCM était très faible. La plupart des mortalités étaient attribuables à des causes non infectieuses, y compris une carence en cuivre.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Bison , Febre Catarral Maligna/mortalidade , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Bovinos , Febre Catarral Maligna/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Saskatchewan/epidemiologia , Ovinos
14.
Can Vet J ; 57(5): 514-8, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27152040

RESUMO

This study investigated the relationship between treatment protocol, survival to discharge, and relapse in 46 dogs diagnosed with primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine between 2000 and 2013. Treatment was at the discretion of the attending clinician and consisted of either a corticosteroid alone or a corticosteroid plus a secondary therapy. There was no association between survival to discharge and treatment protocol (P = 0.23). Of the surviving in-patients, 39% experienced a relapse. Our study failed to show a significant difference in survival and relapse based on treatment protocol.


Résultat basé sur le protocole de traitement chez des patients atteints de thrombocytopénie canine primaire à médiation immunitaire : 46 cas (2000­2013). Cette étude a examiné la relation entre le protocole de traitement, la survie jusqu'au congé et la rechute chez 46 chiens diagnostiqués, entre 2000 et 2013, avec une thrombocytopénie primaire à médiation immunitaire (TPI) au Western College of Veterinary Medicine. Le traitement a été fait à la discrétion du clinicien traitant et se composait soit d'un corticostéroïde seul ou d'un corticostéroïde et d'une thérapie secondaire. Il n'y avait aucune association entre la survie jusqu'au congé et le protocole de traitement (P = 0,23). Parmi les patients hospitalisés survivants, 39 % ont eu une rechute. Notre étude n'a pas réussi à montrer une différence importante au niveau de la survie et de la rechute en fonction du protocole de traitement.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/terapia , Trombocitopenia/veterinária , Animais , Protocolos Clínicos , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Trombocitopenia/imunologia , Trombocitopenia/terapia
15.
Can Vet J ; 56(6): 575-80, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26028677

RESUMO

Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) are an emerging concern in Canada. We estimated the seroprevalence of EGA and equine LB by testing 376 convenience serum samples from 3 provinces using a point-of-care SNAP(®) 4Dx(®) ELISA (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine, USA), and investigated the agreement between the point-of-care ELISA and laboratory-based serologic tests. The estimated seroprevalence for EGA was 0.53% overall (0.49% in Saskatchewan, 0.71% in Manitoba), while the estimated seroprevalence for LB was 1.6% overall (0.49% in Saskatchewan, 2.86% in Manitoba). There was limited agreement between the point-of-care ELISA and an indirect fluorescent antibody test for EGA (kappa 0.1, PABAK 0.47) and an ELISA/Western blot combination for LB (kappa 0.23, PABAK 0.71). While the SNAP(®) 4Dx(®) ELISA yielded expected seroprevalence estimates, further evaluation of serologic tests for the purposes of disease exposure recognition may be needed.


Séroprévalence de l'anaplasmose granulocytaire équine et de la borréliose de Lyme au Canada telle que déterminée par un test ELISA hors laboratoire. L'anaplasmose granulocytaire équine (AGE) et la borréliose de Lyme (BL) sont de nouvelles maladies émergentes au Canada. Nous avons estimé la séroprévalence de l'AGE et de la BL équine en testant 376 échantillons sériques de commodité provenant de trois provinces en utilisant un test ELISA SNAPMD 4DxMD hors laboratoire (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine, États-Unis) et nous avons analysé la concordance entre les tests ELISA hors laboratoire et des tests sérologiques faits en laboratoire. Le total des séroprévalences estimées pour l'AGE était de 0,53 % (0,49 % en Saskatchewan, 0,71 % au Manitoba), tandis que le total de la séroprévalence estimée de BL était de 1,6 % (0,49 % en Saskatchewan, 2,86 % au Manitoba). Il y avait une concordance limitée entre le test ELISA hors laboratoire et un test d'immunofluorescence indirecte pour l'AGE (kappa 0,1, PABAK 0,47) et une combinaison de tests ELISA/immunobuvardage pour BL (kappa 0,23, PABAK 0,71). Même si le test ELISA SNAPMD 4DxMD hors laboratoire a donné des estimations de séroprévalence attendues, une nouvelle évaluation des tests sérologiques à des fins de reconnaissance de l'exposition à une maladie peut être requise.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/sangue , Doença de Lyme/veterinária , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Anaplasmose/sangue , Animais , Canadá/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Cavalos , Doença de Lyme/sangue , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
16.
Can Vet J ; 56(5): 486-9, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25969582

RESUMO

Passive surveillance of ticks on horses in Saskatchewan revealed that the horses were parasitized by 3 species, Dermacentor albipictus, D. andersoni, and D. variabilis. The nymphs and adults of D. albipictus occurred on horses earlier in the year than did adults of the 2 other species.


Surveillance passive des tiques sur des chevaux en Saskatchewan. Une surveillance passive des tiques chez des chevaux de la Saskatchewan a révélé que les chevaux étaient affectés par des parasites de trois espèces: Dermacentor albipictus, D. andersoni et D. variabilis. Les nymphes et les adultes de D. albipictus se présentaient chez les chevaux plus tôt dans l'année que les adultes des deux autres espèces.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Ixodes/classificação , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Animais , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Cavalos , Ninfa/classificação , Vigilância da População , Saskatchewan/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Especificidade da Espécie , Infestações por Carrapato/diagnóstico , Infestações por Carrapato/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo
17.
Can Vet J ; 54(8): 753-60, 2013 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24155475

RESUMO

This retrospective study reports patient signalment, method of diagnosis and geographic distribution, and examines trends in prevalence and seasonal distribution of blastomycosis cases submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Saskatchewan over a 21-year period. Of the 143 cases that originated from Saskatchewan and Manitoba 137 were from canine and 6 from feline patients. Signalment was similar to that previously reported. All cases originated in southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba, primarily from Regina, Moose Jaw, Swift Current, and Winnipeg. Case numbers showed a significant increase in the period 2001 to 2010 compared to 1990 to 2000. Seasonally, there was an increasing trend in the number of diagnoses from February to November. There was no correlation between average seasonal temperature or average seasonal total precipitation and the number of cases of blastomycosis. The persistence of blastomycosis in southern Saskatchewan indicates that Blastomyces dermatitidis is now endemic in this region.


Prévalence et répartition géographique de la blastomycose canine et féline dans les Prairies canadiennes. Cette étude rétrospective présente un rapport sur le signalement du patient, la méthode de diagnostic et la répartition géographique et examine les tendances de prévalence et répartition saisonnière des cas de blastomycose soumis à un laboratoire de diagnostic vétérinaire en Saskatchewan pendant une période de 21 ans. Parmi les 143 cas qui provenaient de la Saskatchewan et du Manitoba, 137 étaient issus de patients canins et 6 de patients félins. Le signalement était semblable à celui antérieurement déclaré. Tous les cas provenaient du sud de la Saskatchewan et du Manitoba, surtout de Regina, de Moose Jaw, de Swift Current et de Winnipeg. Le nombre de cas a affiché une hausse importante pendant la période de 2001 à 2010 comparativement à la période de 1990 à 2000. Sur le plan saisonnier, il se produisait une tendance à la hausse du nombre de diagnostics de février à novembre. Il n'y avait aucune corrélation entre la température saisonnière moyenne ou le total des précipitations saisonnières moyennes et le nombre de cas de blastomycose. La persistance de la blastomycose dans le sud de la Saskatchewan indique que Blastomyces dermatitidis est maintenant endémique dans cette région.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Blastomicose/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Animais , Blastomicose/epidemiologia , Canadá/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Gatos , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães
18.
J Med Entomol ; 49(5): 1144-53, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23025197

RESUMO

West Nile virus (WNV) spread across most of North America within a short time period after its incursion into the Western Hemisphere. The Canadian prairies had the highest human incidence of WNV disease in Canada, particularly in 2007. Statistical modeling and geographic information systems can be used to develop a predictive model and facilitate the mobilization of targeted disease management strategies. Using data collected between 2005 and 2008, we constructed models integrating abiotic and biotic factors to predict the WNV infection rate in female Culex tarsalis Coquillett, the primary vector of WNV in the Canadian prairies. During the study period, the highest mean Cx. tarsalis infection rate was during week 34 (late August). The Cx. tarsalis infection rate increased with increasing Cx. tarsalis abundance and mean temperature lagged from 1 to 8 wk, but decreased with increasing mean precipitation lagged from 2 to 6 wk. Furthermore, precipitation was a 'distorter variable' that altered the association between Cx. tarsalis abundance and the WNV infection rate. Our model clarified how weather influenced the Cx. tarsalis infection rate in the Canadian prairies, a newly and highly WNV endemic region of North America. An understanding of the role of lagged weather variables was essential for providing sufficient lead time to predict WNV occurrence, and for implementing disease control and prevention strategies. Furthermore, it is a useful tool for assessing the potential effects of future climate change on WNV in areas near its northern distributional limit.


Assuntos
Culex/virologia , Modelos Biológicos , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Animais , Canadá , Feminino , Previsões , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Densidade Demográfica , Chuva , Temperatura
19.
Can Vet J ; 53(2): 144-50, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22851775

RESUMO

This study describes biological hazards reported by veterinarians working in western Canada obtained through a self-administered mailed questionnaire. The potential occupational hazards included as biological hazards were zoonotic disease events, exposure to rabies, injuries due to bites and scratches, and allergies. Only 16.7% (136/812) of responding veterinarians reported the occurrence of a zoonosis or exposure to rabies in the past 5 years; the most commonly reported event was ringworm. Most bites and scratches (86%) described by 586 veterinarians involved encounters with cats; 81% of the resulting 163 infections were due to cat bites or scratches. Approximately 38% of participants reported developing an allergy during their career, with 41% of the affected individuals altering the way they practiced in response to their allergy.


Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Saúde Ocupacional , Infecção dos Ferimentos/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Zoonoses , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas/complicações , Canadá/epidemiologia , Gatos , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Médicos Veterinários/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina Veterinária , Adulto Jovem
20.
Can Vet J ; 53(2): 151-7, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22851776

RESUMO

This paper reports physical, psychological, and chemical hazards relevant to western Canadian veterinarians as obtained by a self-administered mailed questionnaire. Nine-three percent (750/806) of veterinarians reported some form of injury during the previous 5 years; 17% of respondents (131/791) indicated injuries that resulted in 1 or more days off work. Median stress levels were similar across work environments; overall, 7% (57/813) indicated either no stress or severe stress, while 53% (428/813) indicated moderate stress. Twenty percent (3/15) of food animal practitioners and 37% (114/308) of companion animal practitioners who took X-rays reported accidental exposure. Accidental exposure to gas anesthetic was reported by 69% (394/570) of those in private practice. Exposure to chemicals occurred in all work environments. Veterinarians in western Canada are at risk of minor to severe injury due to both animal and non-animal related causes.


Assuntos
Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Ocupacional , Médicos Veterinários/psicologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Anestésicos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Canadá , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Radiografia/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Medicina Veterinária/métodos , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia , Zoonoses
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