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1.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther ; 44(5): 714-723, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33719056

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of tulathromycin (Draxxin® ; 2.5 mg/kg once) after intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and slow intravenous (IV) administration to six adult horses. A three-phase design and 4-week washout period were used. Drug concentrations in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated using noncompartmental analysis. Following SC and IM administration, all horses exhibited sweating, discomfort, and periods of recumbency. As signs were more severe after SC administration this route was only used in 3/6 horses. Intravenous administration of tulathromycin was well tolerated in all horses. Mean bioavailability was 99.4% IM and 115% SC. Mean maximum plasma concentration was 645 ng/ml IM and 373 ng/ml SC. Mean half-life was 59.8 h, 54.8 h, and 57.9 h for IV, IM, and SC administration, respectively. Mean clearance was 3.25 ml/kg/min, and mean volume of distribution was 16.8 L/kg following IV administration. Drug was detectable in plasma and BAL samples for 120 h following all routes; however, adverse effects may prevent IM use and SC use is not recommended. Tulathromycin may be a practical and affordable antimicrobial for use in adult equine patients.


Assuntos
Dissacarídeos , Compostos Heterocíclicos , Animais , Meia-Vida , Cavalos , Injeções Intramusculares/veterinária
2.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract ; 37(2): 245-258, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34119403

RESUMO

Acute central nervous system (CNS) trauma in the field is best approached by a systematic and thorough physical and neurologic examination that allows the practitioner to localize the brain or spinal cord injury. The skull and vertebral canal are complex 3-dimensional structures, and orthogonal radiographic views are necessary for an accurate diagnosis. Therapeutics aimed at decreasing pain, inflammation, and edema or increased intracranial pressure in the case of traumatic brain injury should be administered. Survival and return to athleticism can be achieved even in moderate-to-severe traumatic CNS injury with appropriate medical management.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/veterinária , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Central/lesões , Doenças dos Cavalos/terapia , Cavalos , Humanos , Inflamação/veterinária , Dor/veterinária , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/terapia , Ferimentos e Lesões/veterinária
3.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther ; 42(6): 609-616, 2019 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31162675

RESUMO

Chloramphenicol is commonly used in horses; however, there are no studies evaluating the pharmacokinetics of veterinary canine-approved tablets. Studies using different formulations and earlier analytical techniques led to concerns over low bioavailability in horses. Safety concerns about human health have led many veterinarians to prescribe compounded formulations that are already in suspension or paste form. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of approved chloramphenicol tablets in horses, along with compounded preparations. The hypothesis was that chloramphenicol has low absorption and a short half-life in horses leading to low serum concentrations and that compounded preparations have lower relative bioavailability. Seven horses were administered chloramphenicol tablets (50 mg/kg orally). In a crossover design, they were administered two compounded preparations to compare all three formulations at the same dose (50 mg/kg). Cmax was 5.25 ± 4.07 µg/ml at 4.89 hr, 4.96 ± 3.31 µg/ml at 4.14 hr, and 3.84 ± 2.96 µg/ml at 4.39 hr for the tablets, paste, and suspension, respectively. Elimination half-life was 2.65 ± 0.75, 3.47 ± 1.47, and 4.36 ± 4.54 hr for tablets, paste, and suspension, respectively. The AUC0→∞ was 17.93 ± 7.69, 16.25 ± 1.85, and 14.00 ± 5.47 hr*µg/ml for the tablets, compounded paste, and compounded suspension, respectively. Relative bioavailability of compounded suspension and paste was 78.1% and 90.6%. Cmax after administration of all formulations did not reach the recommended MIC target of 8 µg/ml set by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for most bacteria. Multidose studies are warranted, but the low serum concentrations suggest that bacteria with MIC values lower than CLSI recommendations should be targeted in adult horses.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Cloranfenicol/farmacocinética , Cavalos/sangue , Animais , Antibacterianos/sangue , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Área Sob a Curva , Cloranfenicol/sangue , Cloranfenicol/metabolismo , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Cavalos/metabolismo , Masculino
4.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound ; 60(2): 159-166, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30461109

RESUMO

Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy is a well-recognized cause of equine neurologic disease. Temporal bone fractures associated with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy have been recognized with CT, however, little information is available regarding these fractures. The aims of this retrospective analytical study were to assess the prevalence of these fractures and to describe the specific configurations and associated imaging and clinical features. Fracture of the temporal bone was identified with CT in 16 of 39 included horses. All fractures were unilateral, minimally displaced and extended through the temporal bone in a rostrodorsal to caudoventral orientation. Two fracture configurations were identified: in nine cases, the fracture extended the full width of the petrous pyramid into the cranial vault and in seven cases, the fracture only extended through the lateral part of the petrous temporal bone, not involving the cranial vault. Fusion of the temporohyoid joint was present in 13 of the 16 fracture cases. Quarter Horses were over-represented in the fractured population (14/16). All horses with fractures had ipsilateral neurologic deficits. Patient outcomes were not significantly different between temporohyoid osteoarthropathy horses with and without temporal bone fractures (P = 0.68). However, six of the nine patients with cranial vault involvement did not return to their previous use. Findings support previous studies indicating that temporal bones should be carefully assessed for concurrent fractures when temporohyoid osteoarthropathy is identified in CT images, especially when there is fusion of the temporohyoid joint. An improved awareness of specific fracture configurations will help with detection of these fractures.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Artropatias/epidemiologia , Fraturas Cranianas/veterinária , Osso Temporal/lesões , Animais , California/epidemiologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Cavalos , Artropatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Artropatias/etiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fraturas Cranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Cranianas/epidemiologia , Fraturas Cranianas/etiologia
5.
BMC Vet Res ; 14(1): 18, 2018 Jan 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29347921

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Exercise induced cardiac fatigue (EICF) and cardiac dysrhythmias are well described conditions identified in high-level human athletes that increase in frequency with intensity and duration of exercise. Identification of these conditions requires an understanding of normal pre- and post-race cardiac assessment values. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize selected indices of cardiac function, electrophysiologic parameters, and biochemical markers of heart dysfunction prior to and immediately after high level racing in Thoroughbred horses receiving furosemide; and (2) create pre- and post-race reference values in order to make recommendations on possible screening practices for this population in the future. RESULTS: Thirty Thoroughbred horses were enrolled in the study with an age range of 3-6 years. All horses received furosemide prior to racing. Physical exams, ECGs, and echocardiograms were performed prior to racing (T0) and within 30-60 min following the race (T1). Blood samples were obtained at T0, T1, 4 h post-race (T4) and 24 h after the race (T24). Electrolytes, hematocrit, cardiac troponin I, and partial pressure CO2 values were obtained at all time points. Heart rate was significantly increased post-race compared to baseline value with a median difference of 49 bpm, 95% CI [31,58],(P < 0.0001). No dysrhythmias were noted during ECG assessment. Following the race, an increase in number of horses demonstrating regurgitation through the aorta and AV valves was noted. Systolic function measured by fractional shortening increased significantly with a mean difference of 7.9%, 95% CI [4.8, 10.9], (P < 0.0001). Cardiac troponin I was not different at pre- and immediately post-race time points, but was significantly increased at T4 (P < 0.001). Troponin returned to baseline value by T24. CONCLUSIONS: This study utilized a before and after study design where each horse served as its own control, as such the possible effect of regression to the mean cannot be ruled out. The reference intervals generated in this study may be used to identify selected echocardiographic and electrocardiographic abnormalities in racing horses receiving furosemide.


Assuntos
Diuréticos/administração & dosagem , Furosemida/administração & dosagem , Cavalos/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Ecocardiografia/veterinária , Eletrocardiografia/veterinária , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/veterinária , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Troponina I/sangue
6.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound ; 59(6): 662-666, 2018 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29998490

RESUMO

Previously published myelographic studies do not report findings at the junction between the seventh cervical (C7) and first thoracic vertebrae (T1). Modern digital radiographic equipment allows improved visualization of C7-T1. Based on clinical experience, we hypothesized that 50% reduction of the dorsal myelographic column or 20% reduction of the dural diameter, criteria commonly used as a supportive finding for spinal cord compression in the cervical vertebral column, do not apply at C7-T1. A myelographic study was performed on 12 healthy, neurologically normal horses. Our hypothesis was confirmed; using established criteria eight of 12 horses would have been classified as having evidence of spinal cord compression at C7-T1. The dorsal myelographic column reduction at C7-T1 was 48 ± 12%, while the C6-C7 dorsal myelographic column reduction was 33 ± 17% (mean ± standard deviation) (P = 0.010). The dural diameter reduction at C7-T1 (22.0 ± 6.7%) was significantly greater than the dural diameter reduction at C6-C7 (13.2 ± 9.5%) (P = 0.0007). Further measurements and comparisons suggested that the apparent greater reduction of dorsal myelographic column and dural diameter at C7-T1 was due to larger intravertebral measurements at C7 rather than smaller intervertebral values at C7-T1. Based on these findings, alternative criteria should be used at C7-T1 when assessing clinical cases for cervical stenotic myelopathy. Reduction of the dorsal myelographic column by 60% or of the dural diameter by 30% would avoid high numbers of false positive myelographic cases at C7-T1.


Assuntos
Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Mielografia/veterinária , Compressão da Medula Espinal/veterinária , Estenose Espinal/veterinária , Animais , Feminino , Cavalos , Masculino , Mielografia/métodos , Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Compressão da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem
7.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract ; 33(3): 551-562, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29103561

RESUMO

Periocular neoplasia is common in horses. Treatment of the periocular skin and ocular adnexal structures can be technically challenging. Common neoplastic conditions, a treatment algorithm, surgical principles, and therapeutic modalities are reviewed. Regardless of the type of neoplasia found or the treatment that is applied, success is most likely when the neoplastic tumor is small.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Oculares/veterinária , Neoplasias Palpebrais/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/terapia , Animais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinária , Neoplasias Oculares/terapia , Neoplasias Palpebrais/terapia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/veterinária , Cavalos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço
8.
Can Vet J ; 57(8): 869-72, 2016 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27493288

RESUMO

A 14-year-old Quarter Horse was examined for a draining tract of 8 months' duration on the right mandible that was non-responsive to antibiotic therapy and surgical therapy. Further investigation and subsequent treatment with sialoendoscopy and ultrasonography were performed to relieve an obstruction of plant awns in the mandibular salivary duct.


Sialo-endoscopie comme traitement pour un canal salivaire mandibulaire bloqué chez un cheval. Un cheval Quarter Horse âgé de 14 ans a été examiné pour une fistule purulente d'une durée de 8 mois à la mandibule droite qui ne répondait pas à la thérapie antibiotique et à la thérapie chirurgicale. De nouvelles investigations et le traitement subséquent à l'aide de la sialo-endoscopie et de l'échographie ont été réalisés pour éliminer un blocage du canal salivaire mandibulaire par des barbes de plantes.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/veterinária , Corpos Estranhos/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/cirurgia , Mandíbula , Ductos Salivares , Doenças das Glândulas Salivares/veterinária , Animais , Drenagem/veterinária , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Feminino , Corpos Estranhos/cirurgia , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico por imagem , Cavalos , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia/veterinária , Ductos Salivares/diagnóstico por imagem , Ductos Salivares/cirurgia , Doenças das Glândulas Salivares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Glândulas Salivares/cirurgia
9.
J Vet Intern Med ; 37(5): 1917-1922, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37522636

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein in horses which could be a useful tool for assessing clinical response to treatment of bacterial pneumonia in adult horses. OBJECTIVES: To monitor SAA concentration in response to treatment and identify associations among SAA concentration, WBC and neutrophil counts, and fibrinogen in bacterial pneumonia in adult horses. ANIMALS: Eighteen adult horses with bacterial pneumonia. METHODS: Prospective clinical study. Horses hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia were enrolled and SAA concentration and vital signs were assessed daily. SAA concentration was measured by a handheld meter. CBC and plasma fibrinogen were assessed on days 0, 1, and 2, then every 3 days until discharge. Data were not normally distributed and therefore were log transformed. Log-transformed data were analyzed and comparisons were performed on LSMeans by the 2-sided Student's t-test at the 5% level of significance. RESULTS: Geometric mean SAA concentration on day 0 was 537 µg/mL (SE 383 µg/mL). Geometric mean SAA concentration decreased significantly over time (P = .0001), peaking at day 2 (geomean 1038 µg/mL, SE 261.7 µg/mL) and decreasing until discharge. Plasma concentration of fibrinogen (P = .06), neutrophil count (P = .48), and WBC count (P = .07) did not change significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: SAA concentration decreased significantly over the course of treatment and correlated with clinical improvement of pneumonia whereas fibrinogen, neutrophil, and WBC counts did not.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Doenças dos Cavalos , Pneumonia Bacteriana , Animais , Cavalos , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Biomarcadores , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/veterinária , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico
10.
Equine Vet J ; 2023 Nov 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37935457

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of colitis has been shown to impact morbidity and mortality in hospitalised horses. There are no studies to date that describe the incidence of infectious colitis after exploratory laparotomy. OBJECTIVES: To investigate risk factors associated with the development of colitis and infectious colitis post-exploratory laparotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-control. METHODS: Medical records of equids admitted from 2011 to 2020 were reviewed. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of colitis following exploratory laparotomy. Bivariable associations between colitis and risk factors were assessed using the 2-sample t-test and Fisher's exact test. All risk factors were subjected to a backward elimination variable reduction algorithm within a logistic regression framework (p-value set to 0.05). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed for the final model. RESULTS: A total of 504 equids were included in the study. Forty-two patients (8.3%) were diagnosed with postoperative colitis. Five patients were diagnosed with Salmonella spp. and two with Clostridioides difficile. The odds of postoperative colitis were higher among patients that had pelvic flexure enterotomy (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.7-7.9, p = 0.001), postoperative leukopenia or leukocytosis (OR = 21.2, 95% CI = 9.7-46.7, p < 0.001), or plasma lactate 2.0-4.0 mmol/L (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.3-6.7, p < 0.008). Patients diagnosed with colitis had a longer median length of hospitalisation (9 days; range 2-21) compared with patients without colitis (7 days; range 2-25). Patients with colitis had a survival to discharge rate similar to patients without colitis (95% compared to 93%). MAIN LIMITATIONS: Risk factors for infectious colitis could not be determined due to variation in testing protocols in this retrospective study and the low number of positive cases. CONCLUSIONS: Colitis as a postoperative complication does not negatively impact survival to discharge but is associated with longer hospitalisation. Pelvic flexure enterotomy, postoperative leukopenia or leukocytosis, and increased plasma lactate were identified as significant risk factors associated with colitis.


INTRODUCTION/CONTEXTE: Il a été démontré qu'un diagnostic de colite a un impact sur la morbidité et la mortalité des chevaux hospitalisés. Il n'y a aucune étude décrivant l'incidence de colites infectieuses suivant une laparotomie exploratrice. OBJECTIFS: Investiguer les facteurs de risque associés au développement de colites et de colites infectieuses en période post-opératoire suivant une laparotomie exploratrice. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Étude de type rétrospective avec cas témoins. MÉTHODES: Les dossiers médicaux de chevaux admis entre 2011 et 2020 ont été utilisés. La résultante primaire était un diagnostic de colite suivant une laparotomie exploratrice. Les analyses bivariées entre colites et facteurs de risque ont été évalués par le biais d'un test de Fisher exact et un test de T à deux échantillons. Tous les facteurs de risque ont été sujet à un algorithme de réduction par élimination régressive des variables dans le cadre d'une régression logistique (valeur de p à 0.05). Les probabilités (odds ratio) et les intervalles de confiance à 95% ont été inclus dans le modèle final. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 504 chevaux ont été inclus dans l'étude. Quarante-deux patients (8.3%) ont reçu un diagnostic de colite post-opératoire. Cinq patients ont reçu un diagnostic de Salmonella spp. et deux, de Clostridioides difficile. Les chances de colites post-opératoires étaient plus élevées chez les patients ayant subi une entérotomie de la courbure pelvienne (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.7-7.9, p = 0.0008), ayant souffert d'une leucopénie ou leucocytose (OR = 21.2, 95% CI = 9.7-46.7, p < 0.0001), ou ayant eu une valeur de lactate plasmatique de 2.0-4.0 mmol/L (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.3-6.7, p < 0.0084). Les patients diagnostiqués avec une colite ont eu une durée d'hospitalisation médiane supérieure (9 jours; étendu 2-21) comparativement aux patients sans colite (7 jours; étendu 2-25). Il n'y avait pas de différence entre les patients avec et ceux sans colite, en ce qui a trait au taux de survie de congé hospitalier (95% comparé à 93%). LIMITES PRINCIPALES: Les facteurs de risque pour les colites infectieuses n'ont pas pu être identifié en raison de variations des protocoles de tests employés dans cette étude rétrospective et du faible nombre de cas positifs. CONCLUSIONS: Les colites en tant que complication post-opératoire n'ont pas d'impact négatif sur le taux de survie hospitaliser mais sont associées à une période d'hospitalisation de plus longue durée. Une entérotomie de la courbure pelvienne, une leucopénie ou leucocytose post-opératoire et une valeur élevée de plasma sanguin ont été identifiés comme facteurs de risque associés au développement de colite.

11.
Equine Vet J ; 53(5): 964-971, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33169417

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Information concerning clinical presentation, conditions associated with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) and thrombocytopenia (IMTP) and outcome in equids is lacking. Previous case reports suggest that immune-mediated disease and neoplasia are associated. OBJECTIVES: Characterise the clinical presentation, clinicopathologic data, underlying conditions, treatment and outcome of IMHA and IMTP cases in equids. We hypothesise that IMHA with concurrent thrombocytopenia occurs more often than IMHA or IMTP alone, and that neoplasia is commonly associated with these immune diseases and cases frequently have a poor prognosis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed from 1997 to 2016. Twenty-five equids were diagnosed with IMHA, IMTP or IMHA with thrombocytopenia by Coombs test or flow cytometry. Controls were equids presented for nonimmune-mediated disease immediately prior to and after study animals. Fisher's exact test was used to compare between groups for categorical variables (P < .05). Results reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Unpaired t test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare between groups for continuous variables (P < .05). RESULTS: Neoplasia incidence was significantly higher in the study population (28%) versus controls (8%) (P = .04). Equids with primary disease were more likely to survive to discharge than equids with secondary disease (8/9 vs 7/16; P = .03; OR = 13.3; 95% CI: 1.3-134.7). Survivors had a significantly lower blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than those that died or were subjected to euthanasia (survivors, 6.1 ± 2.5 mmol/L vs nonsurvivors, 9.9 ± 3.1 mmol/L P = .003). The odds of short-term mortality were higher in horses presenting with increased BUN (OR = 19.5; 95% CI, 1.8-214.1; P = .009). MAIN LIMITATIONS: Retrospective nature of the study, small case numbers and limited long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Primary IMHA/IMTP cases have a reasonable prognosis and warrant treatment. Secondary cases have a poor prognosis, and are frequently associated with cancer. BUN may have utility as a prognostic indicator for IMHA/IMTP cases.


Assuntos
Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune , Doenças dos Cavalos , Trombocitopenia , Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune/veterinária , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Cavalos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Trombocitopenia/etiologia , Trombocitopenia/veterinária
12.
J Vet Intern Med ; 35(4): 1995-2001, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34096103

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Monitoring blood glucose concentrations is common in critically ill neonatal foals, especially septic foals and those receiving naso-esophageal feedings or IV parenteral nutrition. Glucose typically is measured using a point-of-care (POC) glucometer but requires repeated restraint and blood collections, which may cause irritation at venipuncture sites and increased demands on nursing staff. Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) may provide an accurate alternative for monitoring blood glucose concentration. OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlation and accuracy of a CGMS to monitor neonatal foals' blood glucose concentrations as compared to a POC glucometer and laboratory chemistry analysis (CHEM). ANIMALS: Samples from 4 healthy and 4 ill neonatal foals. METHODS: A CGMS was placed on each foal, and glucose measurements acquired from this device were compared to simultaneous measurements of blood glucose concentration using a POC glucometer and CHEM. RESULTS: Two-hundred matched glucose measurements were collected from 8 neonatal foals. The mean bias (95% limits of agreement) between CGMS and CHEM, CGMS and POC glucometer, and POC glucometer and CHEM was 3.97 mg/dL (-32.5 to 40.4), 18.2 mg/dL (-28.8 to 65.2), and 22.18 mg/dL (-9.3 to 53.67), respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was significantly correlated among all devices: GCMS and CHEM (r = 0.81), CGMS and POC glucometer (r = 0.77) and POC glucometer-CHEM (r = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Within the blood glucose concentration ranges in this study (78-212 mg/dL), CGMS measurements were significantly correlated with CHEM, suggesting that it is an acceptable method to provide meaningful, immediate, and continuous glucose concentration measurements in neonatal foals while eliminating the need for repeated restraint and blood collection.


Assuntos
Automonitorização da Glicemia , Glicemia , Animais , Automonitorização da Glicemia/veterinária , Glucose , Cavalos , Monitorização Fisiológica/veterinária , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito
13.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol ; 242: 110338, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34717126

RESUMO

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a debilitating neurologic disease affecting horses across the Americas. Gaps in understanding the inflammatory immune response in EPM-affected horses create difficulties with diagnosis and treatment, subsequently negatively impacting the prognosis of affected horses. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate circulating levels of the inflammatory immune marker soluble CD14 (sCD14), in horses with EPM (n = 7) and determine if they differed from healthy neurologically normal horses (n = 6). Paired sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed for sCD14. Inclusion criteria for EPM horses consisted of the presence of neurologic signs consistent with EPM, Sarcocystis neurona surface antigens 2, 4/3 (SnSAG 2, 4/3) ELISA serum: CSF antibody ratio ≤ 100, and a postmortem diagnosis of EPM. Control horses were neurologically normal, healthy horses with SnSAG 2, 4/3 ELISA serum: CSF antibody ratios of > 100. Serum anti-Sarcocystis neurona antibodies indicate that healthy control horses were exposed to S. neurona but resistant to developing clinical EPM. EPM cases had significantly greater concentrations of sCD14 in CSF samples compared to control horses and increased serum sCD14 concentrations. A positive correlation between sCD14 serum and CSF concentrations was observed in EPM-affected horses but not healthy horses. Soluble CD14 is an inflammatory marker, and the study results suggest it is elevated in EPM patients. When performed in conjunction with clinical evaluation and standard antibody testing, there may be potential for sCD14 to be utilized as a correlate for EPM.


Assuntos
Encefalomielite , Doenças dos Cavalos , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/análise , Animais , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Encefalomielite/veterinária , Cavalos , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/sangue
14.
J Vet Intern Med ; 32(5): 1740-1747, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30133798

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting genetically predisposed foals maintained on an α-tocopherol (α-TOH) deficient diet. Currently no antemortem diagnostic test for eNAD/EDM is available. HYPOTHESIS: Because α-TOH deficiency is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, it was hypothesized that F2 -isoprostanes (F2 IsoP), F4 -neuroprostanes (F4 NP) and oxysterols derived from free radical oxidation would be increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neural tissue of eNAD/EDM affected horses and could serve as potential biomarkers for disease. ANIMALS: Isoprostane Study A: 14 Quarter horse foals (10 healthy foals and 4 eNAD/EDM affected foals) at 1 and 6 months of age. Isoprostane Study B: 17 eNAD/EDM affected and 10 unaffected horses ≥ 1-4 years of age. Oxysterol study: eNAD/EDM affected (n = 14, serum; n = 11, CSF; n = 10, spinal cord [SC]) and unaffected horses 1-4 years of age (n = 12, serum; n = 10, CSF; n = 7, SC). PROCEDURES: Cerebrospinal fluid [F2 IsoP] and [F4 NP] were assessed using gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Serum, CSF, and cervical SC [oxysterols] were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results were compared with respective α-TOH concentrations. RESULTS: Spinal cord [7-ketocholesterol], [7-hydroxycholesterol], and [7-keto-27-hydrocholesterol] were higher in eNAD/EDM horses whereas [24-ketocholesterol] was lower. No significant difference was found in CSF [F2 IsoP] and [F4 NP], serum [oxysterols] and CSF [oxysterols] between eNAD/EDM affected and unaffected horses. No correlation was found between [F2 IsoP], [F4 NP], or [oxysterols] and respective [α-TOH]. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In the SC, targeted markers of cholesterol oxidation were significantly increased in horses with eNAD/EDM.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/sangue , Isoprostanos/sangue , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Distrofias Neuroaxonais/veterinária , Envelhecimento , Animais , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Cavalos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Lipídeos/química , Masculino , Distrofias Neuroaxonais/sangue , Distrofias Neuroaxonais/genética
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