Surviving birth at high altitude.

This Symposium Review examines challenges to surviving birth and infancy at high altitudes. Chronic exposure to the environmental hypoxia of high altitudes increases the incidence of maternal vascular disorders of pregnancy characterized by placental insufficiency, restricted fetal growth and preterm delivery, and impairs pulmonary vascular health during infancy. While each condition independently contributes to excess morbidity and mortality in early life, evidence indicates vascular disorders of pregnancy and infantile pulmonary vascular dysfunction are intertwined. By integrating our recent scientific and clinical observations in Bolivia with existing literature, we propose potential avenues to reduce the infant mortality burden at high altitudes and reduce pulmonary vascular disease in highland neonates, and emphasize the need for further research to address unresolved questions.

Analysis of the regulations concerning circular economy and its relationship to the reduction of food loss and waste on an international level: A review.

The term food loss and waste (FLW) refers to discarded food during the different stages of the food chain. Food loss occurs during the initial stages of the food chain, and food waste occurs during the final stages. The relation between FLW and circular economy (CE) is particularly important for countries which are beginning to implement actions or regulations on this topic. These proposals may have an impact in strategic sectors of their economy. The objective of this review document was to analyse the regulations of FLW and CE in some countries located throughout the European Union, Asia, Africa and Latin America. To fulfil this objective, FLW and CE regulations were identified and analysed in 12 countries located in the aforementioned regions. The analysis showed that France, Spain, Japan and Uruguay included objectives related to FLW in their CE legislations focusing on food waste reduction, whereas China, Chile, Argentina and Mexico did not include FLW in their CE legislations. African countries did not have CE legislations in place yet. France and Japan have had more success in the reduction of FLW. In conclusion, CE regulation should include FLW regulation to achieve more efficiency at reducing and reusing these residues.

The Quality of Violence Risk Formulation and a Quasi-Forensic Mental Health Training Experiment / La calidad de la formulación de riesgo de violencia y un cuasi-experimento de entrenamiento en salud mental forense.

Objectives: The study was aimed at measuring the impact of training on forensic case formulation in mental health and to provide more evidence on the reliability of the TEC-F. Method: Nine psychiatrists and six psychologists from various Latin American countries participated in a quasi-pedagogical experiment. The quality of formulations was independently and blindly measured pre- and post-intervention with the TEC-F and the assignment of two standard vignettes was also randomly manipulated. Quality mean differences and instrument reliability indicators were calculated. Results: The values of intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.92; 0.94; 0.83; 0.93 and 0.95 and the values of Cronbach's alpha coefficient were 0.83; 0.94; 0.63; 0.77 and 0.93, for the dimensions transparency, specificity, communication, reasoning and for the total TEC-F respectively. The results of the 19-day test-retest were excellent. The mean TEC-F total quality pre-course was 31.4 and the mean post-course, 38.4 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001 for group test and paired test respectively). Conclusions: The pedagogical intervention produced a significant improvement in the quality of the expert's formulations. The study added evidence supporting the TEC-F reliability.

OBJETIVOS: El estudio se propuso medir el impacto de un entrenamiento sobre formulación pericial del caso forense en salud mental y extender evidencias relacionadas con la confiabilidad de la TEC-F. MÉTODO: Nueve psiquiatras y seis psicólogos de diversos países latinoamericanos participaron de un cuasi-experimento pedagógico. Se midió independientemente y a ciegas la calidad de las formulaciones con la TEC-F pre y post intervención y también se manipuló aleatoriamente la asignación de dos viñetas estándares. Se calcularon diferencias de medias e indicadores de confiabilidad del instrumento. RESULTADOS: Los valores de coeficientes de correlación intraclase fueron 0,92; 0,94; 0,83; 0,93 y 0,95 y los valores del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach fueron 0,83; 0,94; 0,63; 0,77 y 0,93, para las dimensiones transparencia, especificidad, comunicación, fundamentación y para el total TEC-F respectivamente. Los resultados del test-retest a 19 días fueron excelentes. La media de calidad total TEC-F precurso fue 31,4 y la media post curso, 38,4 (p = 0,003 y p = 0,001 para prueba grupal y para prueba apareada respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: La intervención pedagógica produjo una significativa mejoría en la calidad de las formulaciones periciales. El estudio adicionó evidencias sosteniendo la confiabilidad de la TEC-F.

Efficacy of Liraglutide in Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

In the past few decades, childhood obesity has become a significant global health issue, impacting around 107.7 million children and adolescents globally. There is currently minimal usage of pharmacological therapies for childhood obesity in the pediatric population. This research assessed the efficacy of liraglutide in treating childhood and adolescent obesity. Until 20 October 2022, a systematic literature review was done utilizing PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The search phrases "liraglutide", "pediatric obesity", "children", and "adolescents" were utilized. Using the search method, a total of 185 articles were found. Three studies demonstrating liraglutide's effectiveness in treating child and adolescent obesity were included. The selected research was done in the United States. As an intervention, liraglutide was administered to 296 participants at a maximal dosage of 3.0 mg. All examined trials were in phase 3. This comprehensive analysis revealed no clinically significant differences between liraglutide and body weight (kg; MD -2.62; 95%CI -6.35 to 1.12; p = 0.17) and body mass index (kg/m2; MD -0.80; 95%CI -2.33 to 0.73, p = 0.31). There was no evidence that liraglutide increased hypoglycemia episodes (RR 1.08; 95%CI 0.37 to 3.15; p = 0.79), or side consequences. However, it was shown that the medicine might help reduce BMI and weight combined with a healthy diet and regular exercise. A lifestyle change may have favorable consequences that will be assessed in the future for adjunctive therapy. PROSPERO database (CRD42022347472).

Airborne pollen of Carya, Celtis, Cupressus, Fraxinus and Pinus in the metropolitan area of Monterrey Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

The concentration of pollen grains in the atmosphere over the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, was analyzed throughout a year from March 2003-February 2004, focused on the genus Carya, Celtis, Cupressus, Fraxinus and Pinus owing to their interest as etiological pollinosis agents in diverse regions of the world. A 7-day Hirst type volumetric spore and pollen trap was located on a building roof of the city at 15 m from ground level for continuous sampling. The total quantity of pollen recorded for the study period was 21,083 grains/m(3), corresponding to 49.75 % of the taxa of interest. February and March were the months with higher pollen amounts in the air with 7,525 and 2,781 grains/m(3), respectively, and amounted to 49 % of total year through pollen. Fraxinus was the genus which contributed to the largest amount of pollen with 28 % of total grains (5,935 grains/m(3)) followed by Cupressus with 13 % (2,742 grains/ m(3)). Celtis, Pinus and Carya contributed with 5.3 % , 2.7 % , and 0.6 % of total pollen, respectively. These results indicate that Fraxinus and Cupressus are present in the area in sufficient quantity to indicate likely involvement in the origin of allergic disorders in the human population.

Fungal spores in four catholic churches in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo León State, Mexico--First study.

INTRODUCTION: About 500,000 species of fungi have been described to-date, although an estimated between 1 - 1.5 million species may occur. They have a wide distribution in nature, contributing to the decomposition of organic matter and playing a part in the biogeochemical cycles of major nutrients. A small number are considered pathogens of animals and plants. There is ample historical evidence that certain types of allergies are associated with fungi; exposure to fungal allergens occurs in both outdoor and indoor spaces. Many indoor allergens are the same as those found outside buildings, entering through windows and doors, ventilation systems, or through cracks or other fissures in the walls. OBJECTIVE: To determine the diversity and abundance of fungal spores inside four churches in the metropolitan area of Monterrey city in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out from July 2009 - January 2010 using a Hirst type volumetric collector (Burkard Manufacturing Co Ltd). RESULTS: A total of 31,629 spores from 54 taxa were registered in the four churches. The building that showed the highest amount of spores was the Santa Catarina Mártir Church with 12,766 spores, followed by Cristo Rey with 7,155 and Nuestra Señora del Roble with 6,887. Regularly high concentrations of spores were recorded from 14:00 - 20:00 hours. The highest concentration value was observed at the church of Santa Catarina Mártir at 16:00 hours with 1153 spores/m 3 air. CONCLUSIONS: The most abundant spores in the four churches studied corresponded to Cladosporium, the Aspergillus/Penicillium complex, Coprinus, Ganoderma, Curvularia and Ustilago.

Alteraciones en el olfato y el gusto asociadas con la infección por SARS-CoV-2: una revisión / Olfactory and taste disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review

Los sentidos químicos, como el olfato y el gusto, son determinantes en la calidad de vida y el desempeño de algunas labores de la vida diaria, ya que desempeñan un papel fundamental tanto en la rutina como en las relaciones interpersonales. Existen múltiples patologías que alteran estos sentidos, entre estas las enfermedades por infección viral. A través de los últimos meses, se ha demostrado que el virus responsable de la pandemia actual (SARS-CoV-2) puede generar cambios en el olfato y en el gusto secundarios a la infección por este, siendo estas alteraciones, en ocasiones, las primeras manifestaciones. En esta revisión se busca recopilar la información encontrada en la literatura médica y resaltar la importancia de tener en cuenta estas alteraciones al momento de examinar a un paciente y generar una alerta en cuanto a las posibles medidas de aislamiento y/o tratamiento de estos pacientes.

Chemical senses such as smell and taste are decisive in the quality of life and performance of some tasks of daily life. They are senses that play a fundamental role in everyday life and in interpersonal relationships. There are multiple pathologies that alter these senses, including viral infection diseases. Over the last few months, it has been shown that the virus responsible for the current pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) can generate changes in smell and taste secondary to its infection, these alterations being sometimes the first demonstrations. This review seeks to compile the information found in the medical literature and conclude the importance of taking these alterations into account when examining a patient and generating an alert regarding the possible isolation and / or treatment measures for these patients.

Temporal and quantitative analyses of stem lesion development and foliar disease progression of peach rust in california.

ABSTRACT The development of rust epidemics caused by Tranzschelia discolor on leaves and stems of cling peach was studied in California orchards. Sporulating stems lesions were only detected from late March until July in 1997 and 1998. When rust was present in the fall, the quadratic equation Y = -82.51 + 1.97JD - 0.01JD(2) using Julian day (JD) described the incidence of sporulating lesions on stems of cv. Andross (R(2) = 0.73; P /=117.3 mm of total precipitation and maximum temperatures of

Role of chaperones and ATP synthase in DNA gyrase reactivation in Escherichia coli stationary-phase cells after nutrient addition.

Escherichia coli stationary-phase (SP) cells contain relaxed DNA molecules and recover DNA supercoiling once nutrients become available. In these cells, the reactivation of DNA gyrase, which is a DNA topoisomerase type IIA enzyme, is responsible for the recovery of DNA supercoiling. The results presented in this study show that DNA gyrase reactivation does not require cellular chaperones or polyphosphate. Glucose addition to SP cells induced a slow recovery of DNA supercoiling, whereas resveratrol, which is an inhibitor of ATP synthase, inhibited the enzyme reactivation. These results suggest that DNA gyrase, which is an ATP-dependent enzyme, remains soluble in SP cells, and that its reactivation occurs primarily due to a rapid increase in the cellular ATP concentration.

Structural analysis and performance of helietta parvifolia (gray) benth: in southeastern Nuevo León México

En las zonas de México la demanda de leña como combustible y madera para la recosntrucción ha tenido un aumento considerable. Actualmente, las especies indígenas con madera de alta resistencia son las mayor interés. Entre las especies nativas premisorias, de las numerosas especies leñosas de zonas áridas y semiáridas del noreste de México, se encuentra Helietta parvifolia (Rutaceae), la cual es una especie de alta calidad y densidad de madera. El presente trabajo describe la estructura de esta especie del matorral, así como los parámetros de crecimiento y rendimiento de H. parvifolia en el noreste de México. H. parvifolia fue muestreada en 7 sitios de estudio dentro de la vegetación nativa. La densidad poblacional promedio fue de 1210 plantas por ha. Tres estratos fueron determinados: un estrato bajo con subchaparral de menos de 3m de altura y un DAP (diámetro a la altura del pecho) menor a 3 cm, un segundo estrato de 3-5m de altura y 3-6cm de DAP, y un tercer estrato con una altura superior a 6m y n DAP entre 7 y 12cm. El rendimiento de madera fue de 1455 postes por ha, con una latura superior a 1,8m y un DAP superior o igual a 7 cm, correspondiendo a un rendimiento económicode US$ 1892 por ha.