Risk factors associated with tuberculosis mortality in adults in six provinces of Argentina.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a cause of illness and death across the world, especially in developing countries and vulnerable population groups. In 2013, 1.5 million died from the disease worldwide. In Argentina, the largest proportion of TB-related deaths occurred in the northern provinces. Several international studies reported that TB mortality was related to the presence of certain comorbidities and socio-demographic characteristics. Our aim was to investigate the main risk factors associated with TB mortality in adults from six provinces in Argentina, especially those with higher TB mortality rates. A retrospective case-control study was conducted. It included all patients of =18 years with clinical and/or bacteriological TB diagnosis who underwent treatment from January 1st, 2012 to June 30th, 2013. Socio-demographic, clinical and bacteriological variables were surveyed. Information on 157 cases and 281 controls was obtained. Patients reported as deceased to the TB Control Program were considered cases, and those whose treatment result was reported as successful in the same time period were considered controls. For 111 deaths, the average time elapsed between the start of treatment and death was 2.3 months; median: 1. TB-related mortality was associated with poor TB treatment adherence (OR: 3.7 [1.9-7.3], p: 0.000), AIDS (OR: 5.29 [2.6-10.7], p: 0.000), male gender (OR: 1.7 [1.1-2.5], p: 0.009), belonging to indigenous people (OR: 7.2 [2.8-18.9], p:0. 000) and age = 50 (OR: 2.2 [1.4-3.3], p: 0.000). By multivariate analysis the two first associations were confirmed. This study sets up the basis for planning inter-program and inter-sector work to accelerate the decline in the inequitable TB mortality.

Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: Report of a case with a 10-year follow-up.

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is a rare benign tumor of unknown origin, it has the appearance of a malignant tumor but has a benign histology and clinical course. We report a case of a 63-year-old man diagnosed of IPT of the liver and followed for 10 years. During the clinical course, he developed a secondary Budd-Chiari syndrome, with a successful response to a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt over a 5-year follow-up period.

Combined liver and kidney transplant in a patient with budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease associated with polycystic liver disease: report of a case with a 9-year follow-up.

Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is a hereditary disease inherited by autosomal dominant trait that occurs as a frequent extrarenal manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We report a case of a 59-year-old woman diagnosed with ADPKD associated with PLD. End-stage chronic renal failure with a secondary Budd-Chiari syndrome developed during the patient's clinical course. She underwent combined liver and kidney transplantation, with a successful response over a 9-year follow-up period.

Methotrexate Pneumonitis in Crohn's Disease: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature / Neumonitis por metotrexato en la enfermedad de Crohn: un caso clínico inusual y revisión de la literatura

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Effectiveness of infliximab in the treatment of perianal fistulas in ulcerative colitis: report of two cases.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiopathogenesis and increasing incidence in recent years. Perianal complications of ulcerative colitis are rare and seem to be associated with higher extent of inflammation and a more severe course of the disease. The cases of two male patients with severe corticoid-dependent ulcerative colitis of protracted clinical course who developed perianal fistulas and abscesses successfully treated with infliximab are reported. Treatment with infliximab was followed by perianal fistula closure with marked improvement in the quality of life over 2-year follow-up period.

Steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis and associated primary sclerosing cholangitis treated with infliximab.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is an infrequent extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis. Damage to bile ducts is irreversible and medical therapies to prevent progression of the disease are usually ineffective. We describe a patient with long-standing ulcerative colitis, which was refractory to corticosteroid therapy who developed primary sclerosing cholangitis (biochemical stage II/IV) in the course of his pancolitis. Treatment with infliximab (5 mg/kg as an induction dose followed by maintenance doses every two months) was indicated because of steroid-dependent disease associated to primary sclerosing cholangitis as well as sacroiliitis and uveitis and previous episode of severe azathioprine-related hepatic toxicity. At present, after two years of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic with normal liver tests and complete resumption of daily life activities. This case draws attention to the usefulness of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy for the management of primary sclerosing cholangitis as extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease.

Colitis cystica profunda: A report of 2 cases with a 15-year follow-up / Colitis quística profunda: informe de 2 casos con 15 años de seguimiento

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Risk factors associated with tuberculosis mortality in adults in six provinces of Argentina

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a cause of illness and death across the world, especially in developing countries and vulnerable population groups. In 2013, 1.5 million died from the disease worldwide. In Argentina, the largest proportion of TB-related deaths occurred in the northern provinces. Several international studies reported that TB mortality was related to the presence of certain comorbidities and socio-demographic characteristics. Our aim was to investigate the main risk factors associated with TB mortality in adults from six provinces in Argentina, especially those with higher TB mortality rates. A retrospective case-control study was conducted. It included all patients of =18 years with clinical and/or bacteriological TB diagnosis who underwent treatment from January 1st, 2012 to June 30th, 2013. Socio-demographic, clinical and bacteriological variables were surveyed. Information on 157 cases and 281 controls was obtained. Patients reported as deceased to the TB Control Program were considered cases, and those whose treatment result was reported as successful in the same time period were considered controls. For 111 deaths, the average time elapsed between the start of treatment and death was 2.3 months; median: 1. TB-related mortality was associated with poor TB treatment adherence (OR: 3.7 [1.9-7.3], p: 0.000), AIDS (OR: 5.29 [2.6-10.7], p: 0.000), male gender (OR: 1.7 [1.1-2.5], p: 0.009), belonging to indigenous people (OR: 7.2 [2.8-18.9], p:0. 000) and age = 50 (OR: 2.2 [1.4-3.3], p: 0.000). By multivariate analysis the two first associations were confirmed. This study sets up the basis for planning inter-program and inter-sector work to accelerate the decline in the inequitable TB mortality.

En 2013, 1.5 millones de personas murieron por tuberculosis (TB) en el mundo, especialmente en países en desarrollo y grupos de población vulnerables. En Argentina, la mayor proporción de muertes asociadas con TB ocurrió en las provincias del norte. Estudios internacionales observaron que la mortalidad por TB estaba relacionada con comorbilidades y características sociodemográficas. Este estudio pretendió investigar cuáles eran los principales factores de riesgo asociados con la mortalidad por TB en adultos de seis provincias argentinas, especialmente aquellas con mayores tasas de mortalidad por TB. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo casos-controles, incluyendo todos los pacientes = 18 años con diagnóstico clínico y/o bacteriológico de TB en tratamiento entre el 1° de enero de 2012 y el 30 de junio de 2013. Se obtuvo información de 157 casos y 281 controles, considerándose casos los pacientes notificados como fallecidos al Programa de TB y controles aquellos cuyo resultado de tratamiento fue notificado como éxito o curado en el mismo período de tiempo. El tiempo transcurrido entre el comienzo del tratamiento y la muerte fue 2.3 meses; mediana: 1. Las muertes relacionadas con TB estuvieron asociadas con: escasa adherencia al tratamiento (OR: 3.7 [1.9-7.3], p: 0.000), sida (OR: 5.29 [2.6-10.7], p: 0.000), género masculino (OR: 1.7 [1.1-2.5], p: 0.009), pertenencia a pueblos originarios (OR: 7.2 [2.8-18.9], p: 0.000) y edad = 50 (OR: 2.2 [1.4-3.3], p: 0.000). Por análisis multivariado, se confirmaron las dos primeras asociaciones. Este estudio sienta las bases para planificar acciones destinadas a acelerar el descenso de la mortalidad por TB.

Derrame pleural de predominio derecho secundario a fístula pancreatopleural en paciente con pancreatitis crónica asintomática / Right pleural effusion secondary to a pancreaticopleural fistula in a patient with asymptomatic chronic pancreatitis

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Acute infection due to Mycobacterium marinum in a patient with ulcerative colitis and metabolic syndrome on infliximab therapy / Infección aguda por Mycobacterium marinum en un paciente con colitis ulcerosa y síndrome metabólico bajo tratamiento con infliximab

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Síndrome de Budd-Chiari secundario a pseudotumor inflamatorio hepático. Seguimiento durante 10 años / Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: report of a case with a 10-year follow-up

El pseudotumor inflamatorio (PTI) hepático es una entidad rara, de origen desconocido y aunque puede tener apariencia maligna, su naturaleza es benigna. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 63 años diagnosticado de PTI hepático en seguimiento durante 10 años. En su evolución desarrolló un síndrome de Budd-Chiari, con buena respuesta tras la colocación de una derivación porto-sistémica transyugular, a los cinco años (AU)

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is a rare benign tumor of unknown origin, it has the appearance of a malignant tumor but has a benign histology and clinical course. We report a case of a 63-yearold man diagnosed of IPT of the liver and followed for 10 years. During the clinical course, he developed a secondary Budd-Chiari syndrome, with a successful response to a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt over a 5-year follow-up period (AU)

Examining the economic costs related to lifestyle and pharmacological interventions in youth with Type 2 diabetes.

The best treatment option for children with Type 2 diabetes has not yet been established. The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study is currently testing the efficacy of three therapies: metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone and metformin plus an intensive lifestyle intervention. The relative cost-effectiveness of these therapies is also being examined. This review discusses the rationale for the design and methods applied in the economic analysis. The design of the economic analysis in the TODAY study was influenced by the existing literature and two primary study parameters: the nature of the interventions and the participants' age. The lifestyle intervention is an intensive behavioral intervention comprising diet and physical activity. Since economic factors influence both diet and physical activity, the analytical plan includes measurement of food and exercise-related purchases. Due to the young age of the participants, the impact of the intervention on adult caregivers is also included in the analysis. This analysis focuses on the time spent by the caregivers in both medical treatment and nutrition- and activity-related activities, and the value of this time relative to usual activities. Important methodological questions include how and when to collect information, not only on medical costs, but also on the impact of caregiver time, travel, food and equipment purchases. In the TODAY study, these latter resources are being measured by regularly administered surveys completed by the caregivers. The approach to the cost-effectiveness assessment undertaken by the TODAY study is one of the first in diabetes research to focus on youth and to include a societal perspective, regular and prospective assessment of clinician and caregiver time, and a comprehensive assessment of the costs associated with lifestyle behaviors. It can serve as a model for future studies of diabetes treatments.

Prevalencia del hígado graso no alcohólico en muestras de biopsias hepáticas / Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver in samples of hepatic biopsies

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional de las biopsias hepáticas realizadas en el Instituto Superior de Medicina Militar Dr Luis Días Soto en un periodo de 3 años, y se descartó mediante un estudio minucioso de las historias clínicas la presencia de causas de daño hepático graso secundario (vírales, tóxicas, quirúrgicas y por alteraciones congénitas del metabolismo). Se encontró que el 36 por ciento de las biopsias correspondía con el diagnóstico de hígado graso no alcohólico. En todas sus formas histológicas se observó que el 52 por ciento de los sujetos mayores de 45 años mostraron las formas evolutivas histológicas más severas (tipo III, IV). Se evidenció que existe estrecha relación entre el hígado graso no alcohólico con los estados que conforman el denominado síndrome de resistencia a la insulina (obesidad, hiperlipidemia, diabetes e hipertensión) y que la enfermedad tiene una evolución silente .Se concluye que el hígado graso no alcohólico resulta una entidad prevalente en este medio, y como se espera un crecimiento proporcional de los hábitos que condicionan su génesis, resulta necesario tener en cuenta dicho diagnóstico y la realización de la biopsia hepática en aquellos casos de riesgo, con vistas a tomar una conducta terapéutica que se dirija al control de los factores que lo condicionan(AU)

Déficit de alfa 1 antitripsina / Deficit of alpha 1- antitrypsin

Se presentó una paciente de 15 años de edad, de la raza blanca, cuyo inicio clínico era sugestivo de una hepatitis vírica aguda de tipo colestásico. En evolución posterior se presenta un franco deterioro de la función hepática, donde predominan los elementos de hipertensión portal, y fallece en un cuadro de sangramiento digestivo alto por várices esofágicas. El estudio posmortem mostró alteraciones hepáticas compatibles con una cirrosis hepática por déficit de alfa 1 antitripsina. Resultó de interés destacar lo infrecuente de esta entidad, su evolución clínica extremadamente grave y la forma clínica en que se presentó, la cual resultó indistinguible clínicamente de una hepatitis vírica aguda(AU)

Déficit de alfa 1 antitripsina / Deficit of alpha 1- antitrypsin

Se presentó una paciente de 15 años de edad, de la raza blanca, cuyo inicio clínico era sugestivo de una hepatitis vírica aguda de tipo colestásico. En evolución posterior se presenta un franco deterioro de la función hepática, donde predominan los elementos de hipertensión portal, y fallece en un cuadro de sangramiento digestivo alto por várices esofágicas. El estudio posmortem mostró alteraciones hepáticas compatibles con una cirrosis hepática por déficit de alfa 1 antitripsina. Resultó de interés destacar lo infrecuente de esta entidad, su evolución clínica extremadamente grave y la forma clínica en que se presentó, la cual resultó indistinguible clínicamente de una hepatitis vírica aguda