Oral rehydration salt-liquid as a storage medium for avulsed tooth.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of oral rehydration salt-liquid as a suitable medium for maintaining the periodontal ligament cell viability over different time periods and to compare its efficacy with that of two other storage media, Hanks' balanced salt solu1tion and milk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 130 sound- and caries-free premolars extracted atraumatically for orthodontic reasons were selected. Of these teeth, 120 premolars were randomly divided into three experimental groups comprising 40 teeth each, for immersion in three different experimental storage media. Each tooth was subjected to 30 or 60 min of extra oral dry time. Each experimental group was further subdivided into two groups comprising 10 teeth each, based on the immersion time of 45 and 90 min, respectively. Of the remaining 10 premolars, five teeth each formed positive and negative controls. All teeth were subjected to collagenase II and dispase assay. Trypan blue dye exclusion test was used to determine the viability of the periodontal ligament cells. The number of viable cells was counted using Neubauer's chamber. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way anova and post hoc Tukey's tests. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between Hanks' balanced salt solution and Oral Rehydration Solution-Liquid. CONCLUSION: Oral Rehydration Solution-Liquid as a storage medium was found to be as efficient as Hanks balanced salt solution to maintain the viability of periodontal ligament cells, and it was found to be better than milk.

Histologic and radiological observations of a human immature premolar with pulp necrosis treated with regenerative endodontic procedure - A case report of a four-year follow-up.

Background: Reports are found on long-term radiographic follow-up of teeth treated with regenerative endodontic techniques, but scarce literature is observed regarding the tissue formed in the root canal. A four-year radiographic follow-up with histologic findings in an immature mandibular premolar with dens evaginatus that underwent a regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) is presented here. After four years following REP, the tooth was extracted for orthodontic purposes thereby presenting an opportunity to report the histologic findings. Summary: The radiographic changes included a slight root lengthening and thickening and apex closure. Histologic evaluation revealed a fibrous connective tissue with an inflammatory infiltrate in the canal space. In the apical region, cementum-like irregular mineralization developed toward the center, giving the appearance of a closed apex. Root thickening, increase in length, and radiographic closure of the apex occurred due to cemental hyperplasia. Conclusion: After 4 years following REP in an immature mandibular premolar with apical periodontitis, granulation tissue had formed in the root canal, indicating repair and not regeneration.

Oral Health Status of Children with Thalassaemia in Melaka: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT@#Thalassemia is an inherited disorder that involves abnormal haemoglobin formation. This cross-sectional study with universal sampling was conducted from May 2018 to January 2019 to evaluate the oral health status of children with thalassaemia. The sample consisted of 54 transfusion-dependent patients between the ages of 3–17 years old, who were registered at the paediatric day-care centre of Hospital Melaka. Oral health status was evaluated which included soft tissue examination, recording of dental caries, malocclusion and oral hygiene status of the children, while their parents answered a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic and oral health practices and attitudes. The mean deft (decayed, exfoliated and filled teeth) among the 3–5 years old was 6.71±6.07. The mean DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) was 3.00±3.94 among the 13–17 years old and 1.12±1.42 among the 6–12 years old. Most of the 3–5 years old children exhibited good oral hygiene (71.4%). Dentofacial findings among the 3–5 years old were increased overjet (35.7%) and open bite (28.6%) predominantly. Fractured teeth (69.2%), increased overjet (46.2%) and discolouration (23.1%) were the common dentofacial findings among the 6–12 years old while increased overjet (71.4%), soft tissue lesions (57.1%) and posterior crossbite (28.6%) were seen among the 13–17 years old. In this cohort of children with thalassaemia, the prevalence of dental caries was high in preschool children and older children.

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in a child.

Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a form of severe skin adhesion defect due to the disruption of the dermal- epidermal junction. It is classified into simplex and dystrophic forms depending on the level at which the junction is compromised. Repeated ulcerations and bullae formation in the mouth lead to scarring that brings about various changes in the oral cavity. These include loss of sulcular depth, ankyloglossia, limited mouth opening and other dentoalveolar changes. At present while there is no cure for EB, the therapeutic approaches are essentially aimed at controlling the infections and maintaining an acceptable quality of life. Dental management should aim at maintaining a functional dentition that would help in mastication and favour nutrition. Oral manifestations and dental management in a child diagnosed with dystrophic EB since birth are presented here.

Compound Odontoma in Anterior Mandible—A Case Report

Odontomas are the most common odontogenic hamartomas worldwide. Depending on the level of organisation of the tissues inside, these can be differentiated into compound type or complex type. As these are asymptomatic and do not cause any changes in the bone, they are often diagnosed during the routine dental examination. Complex odontomas are commonly found to occur in posterior mandible while compound odontomas are found in the anterior maxilla. A nine-year-old female child reported for a routine dental check-up, when a missing left permanent mandibular lateral incisor [32] was noticed. Further investigations revealed compound odontoma and unerupted 32, which is an unusual location. Early detection of these tumours is essential to avoid lengthy corrective treatments.

Effect of different types of tea on Streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study.

CONTEXT: If tea can be shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans there can be a basis for using it as an agent for reducing caries. AIMS: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of aqueous and organic extracts of three types of tea (green, oolong, and black tea) on the growth of S. mutans. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: In vitro study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the three types of tea was done. Organic extracts of methanol and ethanol and aqueous extracts (50% and 100%) of tea were prepared. Fifty microliters of these extracts were inoculated into wells prepared on Mueller-Hinton agar plates that had been previously smeared with S. mutans. The agar plates were incubated at 37΀C for 24 hours. A similar procedure was followed using 0.2% chlorhexidine, which served as the positive control. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc Tukey test, Student's 't ' test (two-tailed, dependent), and Student's 't' test (two-tailed, independent) were used for analysis of the data. RESULTS: All the phytochemicals were found to be higher in oolong tea. Both aqueous and organic extracts of oolong tea showed greatest zones of inhibition, followed by green tea and black tea. Aqueous extracts of oolong and green tea showed greater zone of inhibition than chlorhexidine. All the three types of tea inhibited growth of S. mutans. The greatest inhibition was observed with aqueous extract of oolong tea. CONCLUSIONS: Oolong tea extracts (aqueous and organic) showed a greater inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans than the other tea extracts .