RESUMO
Haemonchus contortus is a major parasite of small ruminants and its blood-feeding behaviour causes effects ranging from mild anaemia to death. Knowledge of the genetic variation within and among H. contortus populations can provide the foundation for understanding transmission patterns and aid in the control of haemonchosis. Adult male H. contortus were collected from three geographical regions in Egypt. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced directly. The population genetic diversity and sequence variations were determined. Nucleotide sequence analyses revealed one genotype (ITS2) in all worms, without genetic differentiation. The similarity in population genetic diversity and genetic patterns observed among the three geographical regions could be attributed to possible movement between the sites. This is the first study of genetic variation in H. contortus in Egypt. The present results could have implications for the rapid characterization of H. contortus and other trichostrongyloid nematodes, and evaluation of the epidemiology of H. contortus in Egypt.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Filogenia , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Trichostrongyloidea/classificação , Trichostrongyloidea/genética , Tricostrongiloidíase/veterinária , Animais , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA de Helmintos/química , DNA de Helmintos/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Egito , Genótipo , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Ovinos , Trichostrongyloidea/isolamento & purificação , Tricostrongiloidíase/parasitologiaRESUMO
High-density memristor-crossbar architecture is a very promising technology for future computing systems. The simplicity of the gateless-crossbar structure is both its principal advantage and the source of undesired sneak-paths of current. This parasitic current could consume an enormous amount of energy and ruin the readout process. We introduce new adaptive-threshold readout techniques that utilize the locality and hierarchy properties of the computer-memory system to address the sneak-paths problem. The proposed methods require a single memory access per pixel for an array readout. Besides, the memristive crossbar consumes an order of magnitude less power than state-of-the-art readout techniques.
RESUMO
Induced hypercalcemia in rheumatic and rheumatoid children revealed the following : 1. Rheumatic and rheumatoid patients deal more effectively with induced hypercalcemia than control children. 2. A higher percentage of infused calcium in these patients is retained. This may by due to higher calcitionin activity relative to controls. 3. Induced hypercalcemia resulted in an increase in urinary 17 OH C.S. This is suggested to be due to stimulation of the adrenal cortex. These findings suggest that calcium infusion is an effective additional measure in the treatment of rheumatic and rheumatoid affection in the absence of contraindication to calcium.