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1.
Mali Med ; 37(1): 65-70, 2022.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38196254

RESUMO

We report two observations of portal cavernoma diagnosed successively in Bamako and Dakar. The first is a 6-year-old male admitted to the service for ascites and abdominal pain. At admission the clinical parameters (weight, height, temperature, cranial perimeter and temperature) were within the norms for age. The clinical examination noted a moderate skin-mucosal pallor, asthenia. The biological assessment returned to moderate normochrome anemia with impaired pancreatic function while renal and hepatic functions were maintained. The abdominal scan performed after two low-contribution abdominal ultrasounds, objected signs in favor of a portal cavernoma with perisplenic and gastric varicose veins. The second is an 8-year-old male child born from an unborn marriage and from a followed pregnancy with premature delivery. His pathological history includes a notion of prematurity that required a stay in neonatology with umbilical catheterization and repeated abdominal pain. He had an acute abdominal episode in March 2015 justifying a surgical hospitalization for suspicion of appendicitis. At admission the clinical parameters (weight, height, temperature, cranial perimeter and temperature) were within the norms for age. The abdominal ultrasound prescribed for this was suggestive of portal cavernoma, later confirmed by abdominal computed tomography.


Nous rapportons deux observations de cavernome portal diagnostiqué successivement à Bamako et à Dakar. Le premier est un enfant de 6 ans de sexe masculin admis dans le service pour ascite et douleurs abdominales. L'examen clinique notait une pâleur cutanéo-muqueuse modérée, une asthénie. Le bilan biologique retrouvait une anémie modérée normochrome normocytaire avec une fonction pancréatique perturbée tandis que les fonctions rénales et hépatiques étaient conservées. Le scanner abdominal réalisé après deux échographies abdominales peu contributives, objectivait des signes en faveur d'un cavernome portal avec varice péri-splénique et gastrique. Le second est un enfant de 8 ans de sexe masculin né d'un mariage non consanguin et issu d'une grossesse suivie avec accouchement prématuré. Il est le 3e enfant de sa fratrie et scolarisé. On retrouve dans ses antécédents pathologiques une notion de prématurité ayant nécessitée un séjour en néonatologie avec cathétérisme ombilical et des douleurs abdominales à répétition. L'enfant a commencé à se plaindre de douleurs abdominales récurrentes vers l'âge de 6 ans. Douleurs de siège péri ombilical sans réveil nocturne dans un contexte de constipation chronique d'allure fonctionnelle. Il a fait un épisode abdominal aigu justifiant une hospitalisation en chirurgie pour suspicion d'appendicite. A l'admission les paramètres cliniques (poids, taille, température, périmètre crânien et température) étaient dans les normes pour l'âge. L'échographie abdominale prescrite à cet effet était évocatrice de cavernome porte, confirmé par la suite par la tomodensitométrie abdominale.

2.
Med Trop (Mars) ; 71(1): 33-6, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21585087

RESUMO

Prescription is the main source of medication error in daily medical practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and cost of drugs used and causes of prescription errors in one department of the Albert Royer National Children's Hospital Center in Dakar, Senegal. Study was focused on patients admitted from December 1 to March 3, 2009. Based on 792 expected hospitalizations, 1 out of 2 patients was randomly selected to obtain a cohort of 400 patients for whom a total of 1267 prescriptions were written by pediatricians and interns on duty. Prescriptions were evaluated by pediatric professors to identify errors. The types of errors taken into account in this study involved indication, dosage schedule, and treatment duration. A total of 216 (17.0%) errors were identified including 121 cases (9.5%) involving indication mainly for antibiotics (30.5%) and antimalarial drugs (28.9%). Dosage schedule errors were observed in 58 cases (4.5%) involving antibiotics (24.1%) and antifungals (25.8%). These findings confirm the need for an intensive information campaign to prevent medication misuse in countries such as Senegal. Campaigns should be based on training of relevant therapeutic staff to optimize health care and improve availability for everyone.


Assuntos
Departamentos Hospitalares , Erros de Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pediatria , Estudos Prospectivos , Senegal
3.
Arch Pediatr ; 28(4): 307-310, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33715933

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition with serious repercussions on both the quality of life of the child and the family. Insulin therapy is the cornerstone of optimal blood sugar control. The main objective of our study was to assess the level of knowledge of physicians about insulin therapy in diabetes. METHODS: This was a multicenter survey over a period of 5 months (from March 5 to August 2, 2018). It took place in five reference university hospital centers in the Dakar region. RESULT: The number of doctors interviewed in our study was 82, 47.6% of whom were confirmed pediatricians or pediatricians in the process of specialization. The number of years of experience in the field of diabetes was on average 3 years. Fast-acting regular insulins were recommended by 75.6% of doctors and mixtures of insulin (intermediate and rapid-acting) by 50% of doctors. Overall, 91% of doctors recommend a variation in insulin injection sites. The "basal bolus" treatment regimen with insulin analogs was recommended by 50% of doctors, while 31.7% recommended it with human insulin. Regarding adapting insulin doses for leisure and sports activities, more than half (54.9%) of the doctors had to reduce the doses. CONCLUSION: This study enabled us to assess the level of knowledge of insulin therapy among doctors caring for children with diabetes in Senegal, which proved to be limited. We recommend the reinforcement and follow-up of training on the management of T1D for providers at the different facilities.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Pediatras , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Criança , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/psicologia , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Senegal/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Rev Med Suisse ; 4(150): 788-92, 2008 Mar 26.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18476648

RESUMO

Increasing complexity in management of congenital heart disease imposes more frequent surgeries and interventions. Each technique has its own limitations, which could impair the anticipated result. Hybrid procedures join the advantages of cardiac surgery and interventions, creating a synergy in the management of these patients with cardiac anomalies. In our experience, hybrid procedures shorten cardiopulmonary bypass, reduce morbidity of surgery and reduce duration of stay in the intensive care unit. For some complex congenital heart diseases for which there are no ideal surgical or interventional options, hybrid procedures are becoming increasingly important in their management. Finally hybrid procedures allow surgeons and cardiologist to achieve complex procedures that could not be possible in another way.


Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Cardiopatias/congênito , Cardiopatias/terapia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Cardiopatias/cirurgia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino
5.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 99(2): 113-4, 2006 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16821443

RESUMO

A case-control study was conducted between September 2003 and January 2004. Fifty four newborn babies born before 37 weeks of gestation resulting from 47 pregnancies including 7 multiple pregnancies were compared to 105 newborn babies born between 37 and the 42 weeks of gestation. Parturient geographical origin, marital status, age, alcohol or tea consumption and height were not significantly associated to premature birth (p > 0.05). On the other hand, a higher parity or equal to 3, a number of antenatal care lower than 3 were significantly associated with the risk of premature birth (p < 0.05). But a gestity and a parity lower than 3 and a number of antenatal consultations higher or equal to 3 had a protective effect (OR < 1; p < 0.05). We recommend a reinforcement of malarial prevention during pregnancy according to WHO recommendations and the improvement of the quality of the antenatal care in the Ziguinchor medical district.


Assuntos
Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/etiologia , Fatores Etários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Peso ao Nascer , Estatura , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Estado Civil , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/epidemiologia , Paridade , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Fatores de Risco , Senegal/epidemiologia , Chá
6.
Dakar Med ; 51(2): 101-3, 2006.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17632986

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is a congenital syndrome with variable phenotypic expression. It is less commonly described in Africa. We report a case in Dakar universitary hospital center. OBSERVATION: This report is about a two month old child from Mauritania presenting an hemihypertrophy, macroglassia and an umbilical hernia. Glycemia was under normal level showing a mild hypoglycemia (0,6 g/dl). T3, T4 and TSH values were in normal range. Abdominal echography was normal. Our patient was stable at the first clinical examination. CONCLUSION: we advocate for dietetic measures and rigorous clinical follow up, every 3 to 6 month, to screen for recurrent hypoglycaemia and the occurence of an eventual neoplasmic desorders.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Senegal
7.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss ; 98(5): 466-70, 2005 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15966594

RESUMO

We report this centre's experience of the treatment and follow up of pulmonary atresia with an intact septum. 35 infants were seen during the neonatal period. Opening via catheterisation was attempted in 21 patients with initial success in 10, and 11 failures leading to urgent surgery (surgical opening, n=9) and isolated Blalock-Taussig anastomosis (n=2). Fourteen other patients underwent immediate surgery: surgical opening, n=3, and Blalock alone, n=11. Four patients died in the neonatal period: 1 after successful opening via catheterisation, 3 others after Blalock anastomosis. Five others with a Blalock anastomosis died suddenly later. By the end of follow up, 16 patients had undergone biventricular type repair, of which 7 required additional procedures. 10 others had undergone cavo-pulmonary type repair, including 4 infants in whom the initial strategy of biventricular repair had failed. The only predictive factors at birth for subsequent progression to biventricular type repair were: larger tricuspid diameter at echography (10.9 +/- 2.25 mm versus 6.34 +/- 1.74 mm, p = 0.0007) or at angiography (10.07 +/- 2.09 mm versus 8.04 +/- 2.42 mm, p = 0.039), and the right ventricular morphology (p = 0.0011) with more tripartite ventricles, and less bipartite or even unipartite ones in the biventricular group.


Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco , Septos Cardíacos/patologia , Atresia Pulmonar/cirurgia , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Angiografia Coronária , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Prognóstico , Atresia Pulmonar/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Afr J Paediatr Surg ; 12(1): 94-7, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25659563

RESUMO

Traumatic right diaphragmatic hernia is rare in children. Its diagnosis can be difficult in the acute phase of trauma because its signs are not specific, especially in a poly trauma context. We report two cases of traumatic right diaphragmatic hernia following a blunt thoraco-abdominal trauma, highlighting some difficulties in establishing an early diagnosis and the need for a high index of suspicion.


Assuntos
Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/etiologia , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Traumatismos Torácicos/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Ferimentos não Penetrantes , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/diagnóstico , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Traumatismos Torácicos/diagnóstico , Toracotomia/métodos
10.
Arch Pediatr ; 20(11): 1212-1218, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24090669

RESUMO

Congenital hypomagnesemia is a rare disease, with an impact on cognitive and neurological development. We report on three familial cases of congenital hypomagnesemia, two boys and one girl who belong to the same consanguineous family. They all presented neonatal seizures and a psychomotor developmental delay. Cerebral computed tomography showed cerebral atrophy and calcifications in one case and magnetic resonance imaging found predominant cerebellar atrophy in the two other cases. All three patients also had hypocalcemia, hyperphosphoremia, and hypomagnesemia. The parathyroid hormone blood level was low in two cases and normal in the third. One 7-month old patient died. The others received a supplementation of calcium and magnesium, which normalized calcemia, phosphatemia but not magnesemia, which remained low despite high doses. They have both developed cognitive and behavioral impairments.


Assuntos
Hipocalcemia/diagnóstico , Deficiência de Magnésio/congênito , Deficiência de Magnésio/diagnóstico , Erros Inatos do Transporte Tubular Renal/diagnóstico , Convulsões/etiologia , Atrofia , Encéfalo/patologia , Calcinose , Consanguinidade , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperfosfatemia/genética , Hipocalcemia/congênito , Hipocalcemia/genética , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Deficiência de Magnésio/genética , Masculino , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Erros Inatos do Transporte Tubular Renal/genética
12.
Arch Pediatr ; 19(1): 31-3, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22099694

RESUMO

Takayasu arteritis, a nonspecific inflammatory arteritis, is particularly rare in children. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl presenting with severe arterial hypertension in the upper segment associated with an inflammatory syndrome. Investigations showed coarctation of the abdominal aorta at different levels, due to Takayasu arteritis. The patient was treated with percutaneous dilatation and stent implantation as well as prolonged anti-inflammatory therapy. Arterial hypertension in children needs to be investigated until its cause, which may be rare, such as Takaysu arteritis, is determined.


Assuntos
Aorta Abdominal/patologia , Hipertensão/etiologia , Arterite de Takayasu/complicações , Arterite de Takayasu/diagnóstico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Cateterismo , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/terapia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Doenças Raras , Stents , Arterite de Takayasu/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Arch Pediatr ; 19(4): 355-60, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22436537

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neonatal mortality is a major public health problem. The main causes are infections, prematurity and asphyxia at birth. In view of reducing this high mortality, primary healthcare facilities were equipped with basic equipment for the care of newborns and their key workers were trained in essential newborn care. Three years after this implementation, the present study assesses the state and conditions of use of this basic equipment intended for taking care of newborns at birth. METHOD: This assessment was conducted from 16 March to 3 April 2009. It was based on observations and interviews on a sample of healthcare facilities. RESULTS: Healthcare facilities were generally equipped with ventilator bags and masks (87%) (60/69). In more than half of the healthcare centers (20/38), they were not used often because the workers were renewed and not educated in their use. They were practically all in good condition. Eighty-five percent (59/69) of healthcare facilities had at least one aspirator, generally adapted to newborns (negative pressure, 100 mmHg). The maintenance of the material was globally satisfactory because the aspirator bottles were most often clean. As for the aspirator tubes, they were always available but a few cases of supply rupture were observed in some healthcare centers. The warming table was available in only 52% (36/69) of healthcare facilities. Fifteen tables did not comply with initial specifications. CONCLUSION: This assessment highlights that the basic equipment intended for newborn care was generally available, functional and maintained well after 3 years. This strategy could be scaled up in order to contribute to reducing the newborn mortality.


Assuntos
Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/instrumentação , Países em Desenvolvimento , Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/organização & administração , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/tendências , Comportamento Cooperativo , Desenho de Equipamento/instrumentação , Previsões , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/tendências , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/tendências , Hospitais de Distrito , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , Recém-Nascido , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Senegal
14.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 64(01): 22-26, 2017. ilus
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1266217

RESUMO

Le diagnostic étiologique d'une ascite récidivante en période néonatale est parfois difficile. Une cause rare à laquelle il faut penser est l'ascite urinaire qui résulte d'une extravasation transpéritonéale de l'urine dans la cavité péritonéale. Elle est généralement secondaire à une uropathie obstructive. Nous rapportons l'observation de l'enfant A.T. qui est un nouveau-né de sexe masculin reçu à 21 jours de vie pour une ascite de grande abondance évoluant depuis le 3ème jour de vie. L'examen clinique notait : une ascite, une détresse respiratoire, une perte de poids, une hypothermie et une anurie. A la biologie on notait un syndrome inflammatoire, une hyponatrémie, une hyperkaliémie, une altération de la fonction rénale avec une natriurèse et une kaliurèse abaissées. L'échographie abdominale confirmait l'ascite de grande abondance associée à une souffrance rénale bilatérale avec hydronéphrose. La ponction d'ascite ramenait un liquide jaune citrin transsudatif avec un taux de protide à 15g/L et un rapport, créatinine de l'ascite sur la créatinémie, supérieur à 1. L'urétro-cystographie rétrograde objectivait des valves de l'urètre postérieur très sténosants avec vessie de lutte. L'évolution était favorable avec disparition de l'ascite et normalisation de la fonction rénale après sondage urinaire transurétrale. Il faut penser à l'ascite urineuse chez le nouveau-né porteur d'une malformation obstructive des voies urinaires surtout si elle est récidivante


Assuntos
Ascite , Criança , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Senegal , Ultrassonografia , Uretra
17.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 63(1): 35-43, 2016. tab
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1266139

RESUMO

Introduction : La Détresse Respiratoire (DR) est fréquente en néonatalogie, souvent liée à des difficultés d'adaptation ou à l'infection. Objectifs : Décrire les aspects épidémiologique, clinique, thérapeutique et pronostique de la détresse respiratoire du nouveau-né à terme au service de néonatologie Centre hospitalier National d'Enfants Albert Royer de Dakar (CHNEAR).Patients et méthode : Etude rétrospective, descriptive du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2014, concernant les nouveau-nés à terme hospitalisés pour détresse respiratoire. Résultats : Nous avons colligé 214 cas de DR, soit une fréquence de 34,8% des nouveau-nés à terme. Le sex-ratio était de 1,06 et l'âge moyen de 8,5 jours. L'accouchement était fait par césarienne dans 39 cas (18,2%) et 132 nouveau-nés (61,5%) étaient eutrophiques. Une réanimation en salle de naissance avait été nécessaire pour 86 nouveau-nés (40,2%). La DR était précoce en salle de naissance dans 75 cas (35,0%) et 107 nouveau-nés (50%) étaient admis avant 48 heures de vie. Le transfert était fait par transport en commun dans 92 cas (42,8%). La DR était sévère chez 102 nouveau-nés (47,7%). La SpO2 moyenne était de 78% sous oxygène à l'admission. Les principales étiologies étaient l'infection néonatale (118 cas ; 55,1%), l'asphyxie périnatale (53 cas ; 24,8%), l'inhalation méconiale (30 cas ; 14,0%), les cardiopathies congénitales (29 cas ; 13,5%), la bronchiolite aiguë 20 cas ; (9,3%), l'atrésie des choanes (9 cas ; 4,2%). Une ventilation artificielle était réalisée pour 45 nouveau-nés (21,0%). La létalité était de 31,8% (68 décès). Cette létalité était significativement associée à l'existence d'une détresse respiratoire en salle de naissance (p = 0,007 ; OR 2,2), d'une hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (p <0,001 ; OR 5,1), d'un pneumothorax (p < 0,001 ; OR 3,3), d'une inhalation méconiale (p = 0,006 ; OR 4,0), et d'une cardiopathie congénitale (p = 0,004 ; OR 3,7). Conclusion : Les détresses respiratoires néonatales sont fréquentes et sont associées à une létalité élevée. La prise en charge en salle de naissance, pendant le transfert et en néonatologie doit être améliorée


Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas , Recém-Nascido , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido , Senegal
18.
Arch Pediatr ; 17(7): 1017-25, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20488683

RESUMO

Splenomegaly is common in sickle cell disease (SCD) and can lead to complications. In order to evaluate its prevalence and progression in Senegalese children ad adolescents with SCD, we analyzed the records of all patients followed-up at Albert-Royer Children's Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, from January 1991 to December 2005. Age, clinical course specifying size of the spleen beyond the costal margin, and disease progression were the main data recorded. We included 698 patients (94.6% SS, 4.4% SC and 1% S-beta-thalassemia). The subjects' mean age when included in the cohort was 6 years and 11 months. Splenomegaly was observed in 122 patients (17.5 %), measuring 1-17 cm beyond the costal margin (mean, 4.7 cm). Splenomegaly was more frequent in SC patients (32.3 %) compared to SS patients (16.5 %, p=0.025). The frequency was greater in infants aged 0-12 months (25.6 %) and increased from the 1- to 5-year-old age group to the 6- to 10-year-old, before it decreased further. The course of splenomegaly was marked by subsequent reduction in 17.3 % of cases, total reversal in 43.4 %, and no size variation in 39.3 %. Acute splenic sequestration occurred in 3 SS cases aged 27, 29, and 32 months and was managed with blood transfusion. Seven patients (6 SS and 1 SC) aged 4-13 years presented hypersplenism. Splenectomy was performed in 4 of these cases, while the complication reversed after 2 to 3 blood transfusions in the 3 remaining cases. The prevalence of splenomegaly is relatively low in Senegalese children with SCD. The risk of complications requires monitoring the spleen and teaching parents palpation of the baby's abdomen for early management of splenic sequestration.


Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Esplenomegalia/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Transfusão de Sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Senegal/epidemiologia , Esplenectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Esplenomegalia/terapia
19.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 65(01): 25-35, 2018. tab
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1266283

RESUMO

Introduction : L'asphyxie périnatale représente la deuxième cause de mortalité néonatale après la prématurité. Elle est souvent liée dans notre contexte aux circonstances de l'accouchement.Objectifs : Décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et pronostiques de l'asphyxie périnatale chez des nouveau-nés à terme à l'unité de néonatologie de l'Hôpital pour Enfants de Diamniadio (Dakar).Patients et méthode : Etude rétrospective, descriptive et analytique menée d'octobre 2014 à novembre 2015. Etaient inclus tous les nouveau-nés à terme hospitalisés dans un contexte d'asphyxie.Résultats : Nous avons colligé 50 cas d'asphyxie, soit une fréquence de 19,5% des nouveau-nés à terme. Le sex-ratio était de 1,5. La majorité des mères soit 80% avait un âge compris entre 18-35 ans. Les pathologies obstétricales rencontrées étaient dominées par la rupture prématurée des membranes 28%, l'infection maternelle 18%, l'HTA 16% et les accidents funiculaires 12%. La naissance par césarienne concernait 1 enfant sur 5. La présentation de siège était la plus fréquente. Le liquide amniotique avait un aspect pathologique (teinté, méconial, purée de pois, hématique) dans 54% des cas. Cinquante-quatre pour cent (54%) des patients avaient un score d'Apgar à 7 à la cinquième minute. L'encéphalopathie anoxo-ischémique, la détresse respiratoire et le choc ont été les complications les plus retrouvées avec 88%, 28% et 22% des cas. Le retentissement biologique était surtout rénal et hépatique dans 24% et 38%. Le phénobarbital était l'anticonvulsivant le plus administré (52%) lors du traitement initial. La mortalité était de 32% (16 patients) ; l'âge moyen de décès était de 36 jours. Le liquide amniotique (p = 0,022), les convulsions (p = 0,041), les troubles de la conscience (p = 0,022), l'EAI au stade 2 et 3 (p = 0,036) et la rupture prématurée des membranes (p = 0,019) étaient significativement associés au risque de décès. Des séquelles étaient observées chez 34,2% des patients : une IMC (11), un trouble du langage (7) et une épilepsie (2).Conclusion : L'asphyxie périnatale reste une pathologie grave. La mortalité élevée et la gravité des séquelles rappellent qu'il est impératif de renforcer la prévention par un bon suivi des grossesses et de l'accouchement


Assuntos
Asfixia Neonatal/diagnóstico , Asfixia Neonatal/epidemiologia , Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido , Período Periparto , Senegal
20.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 65(03): 137-145, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1266294

RESUMO

Introduction : L'Arrêt Cardio-Respiratoire (ACR) est un évènement fréquent dans les services d'urgences et de réanimation pédiatrique. Bien que de nombreuses données soient rapportées dans plusieurs régions du monde, peu sont disponibles en Afrique subsaharienne. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les aspects épidémiologiques, thérapeutiques et le pronostic des enfants victimes d'ACR au CNHEAR.Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective sur 1 an, concernant les enfants âgés de 0 à 15 ans, ayant présenté un ACR et bénéficié de manœuvres de réanimation au CNHEAR. Les données ont été saisies et analysées avec le logiciel Epi info 3.5.4 et SPSS 24.0. Résultats : Cent-soixante-dix-neuf (179) cas d'ACR ont été enregistrés. Les motifs de consultation les plus fréquents étaient la fièvre et la détresse respiratoire (38,5% chacun). Le délai de consultation moyen était de 3,5 jours. Quarante-neuf virgule sept pour cent (49,7%) avaient consulté dans une structure périphérique avant d'atteindre le niveau central et 13,9% étaient transportés par un transport médicalisé. Les principales circonstances ayant conduit à l'ACR étaient la détresse respiratoire (45,2%), la défaillance hémodynamique (48,7%), et les troubles métaboliques (19,6%). Les pathologies sous- jacentes étaient dominées par le sepsis 20,1%. Au plan thérapeutique, 71,5% avaient eu un massage cardiaque externe. Au décours de la réanimation initiale, le retour à une activité cardio-circulatoire spontanée était de 60,9%. L'évolution secondaire était marquée par la récidive de l'ACR chez 71,6% et finalement le décès de 85,3%. Au final, sur les 179 enfants ayant fait un ACR et bénéficié d'une réanimation, 16 (8,9%) ont survécu et ont été suivis en ambulatoire.Conclusion : La survie après ACR pédiatrique au Sénégal est faible. Des efforts importants restent à faire, notamment une amélioration des ressources matérielles ainsi que des compétences et la formation continue des praticiens en vue d'une meilleure prise en charge des enfants gravement malades


Assuntos
Criança , Parada Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Senegal , Resultado do Tratamento
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