Nivolumab Safety in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Nivolumab is used to treat several different types of cancers. Although it is generally considered to be effective and well-tolerated, it has been associated with adverse effects requiring discontinuation of treatment, like many other drugs used for cancer. A 70-year-old male was switched from sunitinib to nivolumab for renal cell carcinoma. The patient developed persistent hypothyroidism, onycholysis, and pneumonitis at nivolumab cycle 6, 10, and 11, respectively. Using the Naranjo causality method, the likelihood of causality was deemed "probable" for pneumonitis and hypothyroidism and "possible" for onycholysis. Nivolumab was eventually discontinued due to disease progression, rather than safety concerns. Eudravigilance, the European pharmacovigilance database, was searched for all nivolumab-related individual case safety reports from Malta, up to September 4, 2023. Six reports were identified in Malta, although the 3 events identified in this case report were not reported, suggesting under-reporting in Malta. This case report identified an uncommon nivolumab adverse drug reaction (ADR), onycholysis and showed how, despite the occurrence of 3 ADRs, it was its lack of efficacy rather than its safety which led to its discontinuation in this particular patient.

A scoping review of legibility of hand-written prescriptions and drug-orders: the writing on the wall.

INTRODUCTION: Prescription and drug order writing are key components of patient care allowing physicians communicate their therapeutic plans. Although electronic prescriptions are becoming more common, handwritten prescriptions are still quite prevalent and a persistent issue with handwritten prescriptions is the illegibility of physician handwritings. Prescriptions have to be legible to avoid delays in healthcare provision and consequences as serious as patient death. AREAS COVERED: We did a scoping review of multiple articles that assessed the legibility of prescriptions in different settings (inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacies) and countries, ranging from 1997 to 2020. Studies also elaborated on possible reasons for these suboptimal prescriptions and ways to address them. EXPERT OPINION: While the degree of legibility of prescriptions varies widely, it remains a concern because a single incorrectly read prescription can have severe consequences. Various measures exist to possibly minimize illegible prescriptions and while none alone is probably sufficient, combining is likely to yield great results. One is the sensitization and education of physicians and physicians-in-training. Another option is audits and a third and very potent option is the use of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system which will help improve patient safety by reducing errors due to inappropriately read prescriptions.