RESUMO
Auto-evisceration is a severe form of self-mutilation. The majority of cases consist of middle-aged male psychiatric patients with a history of depression, schizophrenia or drug abuse. Here we describe a case of right-sided auto-evisceration by a 72-year-old schizophrenic patient who has been living in a psychiatric institute since she was diagnosed 33 years ago. Following a commanding auditory hallucination, she auto-eviscerated her right eye manually. The patient was admitted to the ophthalmology hospital for further evaluation and treatment.
Assuntos
Evisceração do Olho , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Automutilação/psicologia , Idoso , Feminino , Alucinações/complicações , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is characterized by a low rate of metastasis, slow growth and strong stroma dependency, with significant morbidity and public health burden. Cancer-testis (CT) genes are specifically expressed in normal testis, fetal ovary and different types of cancers. Testis immune privileged status makes CT genes promising candidates as cancer markers, vaccines and immunotherapy. OBJECTIVES: To find new CT genes as cancer markers and candidate genes for immunotherapy and to correlate pathological and clinical features with their expression in patients with BCC. METHODS: By means of digital differential display, seven testis-specific genes were selected. Their expression patterns were analysed in 78 BCC and 15 normal skin samples using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pathological and clinical characteristics were determined using appropriate methods. RESULTS: SPATA19, TEX101, ODF1, ODF2 and ODF3 were expressed in 56.6%, 38.2%, 2.6%, 17.4% and 2.6% of BCCs but not in normal skin samples. ODF4 and PASD1 were not expressed in any BCC samples. TEX101 and SPATA19 expression in high-risk BCCs was higher than in low-risk tumours (P < 0.001). SPATA19 expression was correlated with a history of cancer radiotherapy (P < 0.001). Significant associations were found between expression of TEX101 with nodular subtype, ODF2 with infiltrating subtype, and ODF1 with tumours located on the neck. Among gene expressors, 42.1% co-expressed two genes and 5.3% co-expressed three genes. CONCLUSIONS: We report five new CT antigens, of which SPATA19 and TEX101 may be possible targets for cancer immunotherapy and novel markers for early detection of BCC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Proteínas de Plasma Seminal/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Testículo/imunologia , Análise de Variância , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Antígenos Nucleares/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/imunologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/imunologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/patologia , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes Neoplásicos/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas Mitocondriais/imunologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Proteínas de Plasma Seminal/imunologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Phospholipase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis plays an important role in pathogenesis through breaking up phospholipids and production of diacylglycerol. In this study, we examined the Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Iranian patients for the genes encoding this enzyme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA extraction was performed using CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) from positive culture specimens in tuberculosis patients. PCR was then used to amplify the plcA, plcB, plcC genes of Beijing strain, and non-Beijing strains were identified by spoligotyping. RESULTS: Of 200 specimens, 19 (9.5%) were Beijing strain and 181 (90.5%) were non-Beijing strains. The results of PCR for Beijing strains were as follows: 16 strains (84.2%) were positive for plcA, 17 (89.4%) were positive for plcB and 17 (89.4%) were positive for plcC genes. The standard strain (H37RV) was used as control. CONCLUSION: The majority of Beijing strains have phospholipase C genes which can contribute to their pathogenesis but we need complementary studies to confirm the role of phospholipase C in pathogenecity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.