Skin-Integrated Electrodes Based on Room-Temperature Curable, Highly Conductive Silver/Polydimethylsiloxane Composites.

The quality of electrophysiological (EP) signals heavily relies on the electrode's contact with the skin. However, motion or exposure to water can easily destabilize this connection. In contrast to traditional methods of attaching electrodes to the skin surface, this study introduces a skin-integration strategy inspired by the skin's intergrown structure. A highly conductive and room-temperature curable composite composed of silver microflakes and polydimethylsiloxane (Ag/PDMS) is applied to the skin. Before curing, the PDMS oil partially diffuse into the stratum corneum (SC) layer of the skin. Upon curing, the composite solidifies into an electrode that seamlessly integrated with the skin, resembling a natural extension. This skin-integration strategy offers several advantages. It minimizes motion artifacts resulting from relative electrode-skin displacement, significantly reduces interface impedance (67% of commercial Ag/AgCl gel electrodes at 100 Hz) and withstands water flushes due to its hydrophobic nature. These advantages pave the way for promising advancements in EP signal recording, particularly during motion and underwater conditions.

An Energy-Efficient Flexible Multi-Modal Wireless Sweat Sensing System Based on Laser Induced Graphene.

Real-time sweat monitoring is vital for athletes in order to reflect their physical conditions, quantify their exercise loads, and evaluate their training results. Therefore, a multi-modal sweat sensing system with a patch-relay-host topology was developed, which consisted of a wireless sensor patch, a wireless data relay, and a host controller. The wireless sensor patch can monitor the lactate, glucose, K+, and Na+ concentrations in real-time. The data is forwarded via a wireless data relay through Near Field Communication (NFC) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology and it is finally available on the host controller. Meanwhile, existing enzyme sensors in sweat-based wearable sports monitoring systems have limited sensitivities. To improve their sensitivities, this paper proposes a dual enzyme sensing optimization strategy and demonstrates Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG)-based sweat sensors decorated with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT). Manufacturing an entire LIG array takes less than one minute and costs about 0.11 yuan in materials, making it suitable for mass production. The in vitro test result showed sensitivities of 0.53 µA/mM and 3.9 µA/mM for lactate and glucose sensing, and 32.5 mV/decade and 33.2 mV/decade for K+ and Na+ sensing, respectively. To demonstrate the ability to characterize personal physical fitness, an ex vivo sweat analysis test was also performed. Overall, the high-sensitivity lactate enzyme sensor based on SWCNT/LIG can meet the requirements of sweat-based wearable sports monitoring systems.

[Research Progress in Fractional Flow Reserve].

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is a heart disease caused by coronary artery stenosis or obstruction, resulting in myocardial ischemia, hypoxia or necrosis. Its examination methods include electrocardiogram, hematological examination, coronary CT, coronary angiography and intravascular imaging technology, etc. In recent years, blood Fractional Flow Reserve(FFR) has been widely used to measure the degree of coronary artery stenosis in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Based on the related literature at home and abroad, elaborated the FFR measurements of coronary artery stenosis degree background significance, basic principle and implementation method, on the basis of inductive expounds the FFR examination of clinical research and the advantages and disadvantages, at the same time a preliminary prospect on the development of technology of FFR iFR-the future instantaneous waveform ratio and the functional SYNTAX score has a broad space for development.