RESUMO
Synaptic damage is the key factor of cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of soybean isoflavone (SIF) on synaptic damage induced by ß-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aß1-42) in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, Aß1-42, SIF, and SIF + Aß1-42 (SIF pretreatment) groups according to body weight. SIF was treated orally by gavage in SIF and SIF + Aß1-42 groups. After 14 days pretreatment with SIF or vehicle, Aß1-42 was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of rats in Aß1-42 and SIF + Aß1-42 groups using miniosmotic pump. The level of Aß1-42 and the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic-acid receptor (NMDAR) were observed by immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA levels of NMDAR, calmodulin (CaM), calcium/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The results showed that Aß1-42 down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of the NR1 and NR2B subunits of NMDAR, SIF pretreatment could reverse these changes. The mRNA expression of CaM, CaMKII, CREB, and BDNF were down-regulated by Aß1-42, but they were all regulated by SIF pretreatment. These results suggest that SIF pretreatment could antagonize the neuron damage in rats induced by Aß1-42, and its mechanism might be associated with the NMDA receptor and CaM/CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, which are the synaptic plasticity-related molecules.
Assuntos
Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/farmacologia , Glycine max/química , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/toxicidade , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/toxicidade , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase Tipo 2 Dependente de Cálcio-Calmodulina/genética , Proteína Quinase Tipo 2 Dependente de Cálcio-Calmodulina/metabolismo , Calmodulina/genética , Calmodulina/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/genética , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Masculino , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/genéticaRESUMO
Objective?To evaluate the effect on removal of ovarian cyst by laparoendoscopic single site surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).?Methods?A prospective, single-institution study was performed for patients who were diagnosed benign ovarian cyst, underwent removal ovarian cyst, and adopted ERAS nursing care from June 2015 to June 2017. 40 patients who adopted laparo-endoscopic single site surgery were experimental group and 40 patients who adopted traditional laparoscopy surgery were control group. We compared the operation time, blood loss volume during operation, the time of getting out-of bed after operation, the postoperative exhausting time, the defecation time after surgery, the incidence of postoperative febrile and other complications, the time of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses between the two groups. The measurement data was tested by t test, and the counting data was tested by χ2 test, which was statistically significant with P < 0.05.?Results?The results showed that the time of getting out-of bed after operation, the postoperative exhausting time, the defecation time after surgery and the time of hospital stay in experimental group was significantly shorter than the control group;Meanwhile the hospitalization expense was lower than the control group. These results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). While there was not statistically significant in the operation time, blood loss volume during operation, and the incidence of postoperative febrile and other complications between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05) .?Conclusion?ERAS combined with laparo-endoscopic single site surgery is helpful to the reduction of hospitalization cost and the clinical promotion and application.
RESUMO
Long-term synaptic plasticity is considered as a key part of the neural mechanism of learning and memory. The production of learned vocalization of male zebra finches is closely related to high vocal center (HVC)-robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) pathway. However, the long-term plasticity of HVC-RA synapses is unclear. This study investigated the long-term plasticity of HVC-RA synapses in adult male zebra finches through in vivo field potential recording. The results showed that physiologic stimulation, i.e., δ rhythmic stimulation and low frequency stimulation could not effectively induce long-term synaptic plasticity. The former leaded to no change of the amplitudes of evoked population spikes, and the latter induced short-term depression (STD) of the amplitudes of the second evoked population spikes caused by paired pulses. But high frequency stimulation induced long-term depression (LTD) of the amplitudes of evoked population spikes to show out long-term synaptic plasticity. These results suggest that LTD represents the long-term plasticity of HVC-RA synapses in adult male zebra finches, which may be a key part of the neural mechanism of vocal learning and memory and can explain the plasticity of adult song to some degree.