Effects of Tuina on serum creatine kinase and skeletal muscle mitochondria in delayed onset muscle soreness model rats / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effect of Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) on creatine kinase (CK), mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) model rats.Methods: A total of 130 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank group, an exercise control group, a pre-exercise Tuina group, and a post-exercise Tuina group. According to the time points for sample collection, the exercise control group was divided into a 0 h exercise control group, a 24 h exercise control group, a 48 h exercise control group, and a 72 h exercise control group; the pre-exercise Tuina group was further divided into a 0 h pre-exercise Tuina group, a 24 h pre-exercise Tuina group, a 48 h pre-exercise Tuina group, and a 72 h pre-exercise Tuina group; and the post-exercise Tuina group was divided into a 0 h post-exercise Tuina group, a 24 h post-exercise Tuina group, a 48 h post-exercise Tuina group, and a 72 h post-exercise Tuina group. Rats in all groups except for the blank group received DOMS modeling. Professionals performed Nie-Pinching manipulation and finger Nian-Twisting manipulation on the lower limbs of the rats. The samples were collected at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h after exhaustive exercise for each pre-exercise Tuina group. The samples were collected at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h after Tuina for each post-exercise Tuina group. The changes in serum CK, skeletal muscle mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, and Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were determined. The ultrastructure changes of skeletal muscles in each group were observed by a transmission electron microscope. Results: The electron microscope showed that compared with the exercise control group, the skeletal muscle structures of the pre-exercise Tuina group and the post-exercise Tuina group were significantly improved, and the overall performance of skeletal muscle in the pre-exercise Tuina group was more similar to that of the blank group. The level of serum CK in the pre-exercise Tuina group and the post-exercise Tuina group was significantly lower than that in the exercise control group (P<0.01). The Ca2+ concentration of skeletal muscle in the 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h pre-exercise Tuina groups was lower than that in the post-exercise Tuina group at the same time point (P<0.01). The Ca2+-ATPase concentration of skeletal muscle in the 24 h and 72 h pre-exercise Tuina groups was lower than that in the post-exercise Tuina group at the same time point (P<0.05).Conclusion: Tuina effectively prevents muscle damage caused by heavy exercise and long-term exercise, which may be related to the increase of skeletal muscle Ca2+-ATPase activity and mitochondrial Ca2+ transport.

Efficacy and Safety of Intrathecal Injection of Vancomycin Combined with Dexamethasone in the Treat-ment of Intracranial Infection:A System Review / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of intrathecal injection of vancomycin combined with dexamethasone in the treatment of intracranial infection,and to provide evidence-based reference in the clinic. METHODS:Re-trieved from PubMed,Medline,CJFD,VIP,Wanfang databases,randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about intrathecal injection of vancomycin combined with dexamethasone in the treatment of intracranial infection were collected. Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies according to Cochrane system review manual 5.0.1. Then Meta-analysis was conducted by Rev Man 5.2 statistical software. RESULTS:Total of 8 RCTs were included,involv-ing 543 patients. Meta-analysis showed that,compared with intravenous dripping of ceftriaxone or vancomycin,intrathecal injec-tion of vancomycin combined with dexamethasone could significantly increase response rate [RR=1.18,95%CI(1.11,1.26),P<0.001] and bacterial clearance rate of CSF[RR=1.13,95%CI(1.01,1.27),P<0.001] of intracranial infection patients,shortened treatment time [SMD=-1.60,95%CI(-1.89,-1.30),P<0.001],reduce the incidence of ADR [RR=0.48,95%CI(0.32,0.73), P<0.001]. At the same time,it also could improve changes of intracranial pressure[SMD=-1.78,95% CI(-2.10,-1.47),P<0.001],changes of protein quantitation of CSF[SMD=-0.18,95%CI(-0.25,-0.11),P<0.001] and changes of glucose quantita-tion of CSF[SMD=1.77,95%CI(0.91,2.63),P<0.001],with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:Intrathecal injection of van-comycin combined with dexamethasone shows good clinical efficacy for intracranial infection,improves bacterial clearance rate, shortens treatment duration,significantly lowers intracranial pressure and protein quantitation,improves glucose quantitation of cere-brospinal fluid,with good safety.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Cefazolin Sodium Pentahydrate versus Cefazolin Sodium in the Treatment of Bacterial Infection / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost-effectiveness of cefazolin sodium pentahydrate versus cefazolin sodium in treat-ment of bacterial infection,and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic.METHODS:In retrospective study,207 bac-terial infection patients receiving cefazolin sodium pentahydrate or cefazolin sodium were selected from our hospital during Nov. 2014 to Dec. 2015,including 109 cases in cefazolin sodium pentahydrate group and 98 cases in cefazolin sodium group. Both groups received relevant medicine 2 g,bid,ivgtt,within 7 d. The clinical efficacies,bacteriological efficacies and safety of 2 groups were compared,and pharmacoeconomics of 2 therapy plans were evaluated.RESULTS:The clinical response rates of cefazo-lin sodium pentahydrate group and cefazolin sodium group were 89.91% and 74.49%,with statistical significance(P<0.05);bac-terial clearance rates were 76.32% and 72.13%,with no statistical significance(P>0.05). No drug-related ADR occurred in 2 groups during the treatment. Total shot-term(7 d)cost of cefazolin sodium pentahydrate group and cefazolin sodium group respec-tively were 4 391.43 yuan and 3 396.19 yuan. Using clinical response rate as effect index,cost-effectiveness ratio of them were 48.84 and 45.59,and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 64.55,which was lower than per capita GDP of Hengshui city. The sensitivity analysis results were in agreement with the cost-effectiveness analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Under the current economic sit-uation of Hengshui city,cefazolin sodium pentahydrate has cost-effectiveness advantage in the treatment of bacterial infection than cefazolin sodium.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Cefazolin Sodium Pentahydrate versus Cefazolin Sodium in the Treatment of Bacterial Infection / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost-effectiveness of cefazolin sodium pentahydrate versus cefazolin sodium in treat-ment of bacterial infection,and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic.METHODS:In retrospective study,207 bac-terial infection patients receiving cefazolin sodium pentahydrate or cefazolin sodium were selected from our hospital during Nov. 2014 to Dec. 2015,including 109 cases in cefazolin sodium pentahydrate group and 98 cases in cefazolin sodium group. Both groups received relevant medicine 2 g,bid,ivgtt,within 7 d. The clinical efficacies,bacteriological efficacies and safety of 2 groups were compared,and pharmacoeconomics of 2 therapy plans were evaluated.RESULTS:The clinical response rates of cefazo-lin sodium pentahydrate group and cefazolin sodium group were 89.91% and 74.49%,with statistical significance(P<0.05);bac-terial clearance rates were 76.32% and 72.13%,with no statistical significance(P>0.05). No drug-related ADR occurred in 2 groups during the treatment. Total shot-term(7 d)cost of cefazolin sodium pentahydrate group and cefazolin sodium group respec-tively were 4 391.43 yuan and 3 396.19 yuan. Using clinical response rate as effect index,cost-effectiveness ratio of them were 48.84 and 45.59,and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 64.55,which was lower than per capita GDP of Hengshui city. The sensitivity analysis results were in agreement with the cost-effectiveness analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Under the current economic sit-uation of Hengshui city,cefazolin sodium pentahydrate has cost-effectiveness advantage in the treatment of bacterial infection than cefazolin sodium.

Effect of sequential treatment with syndrome differentiation on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and "AECOPD Risk-Window": study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Frequent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation is a major cause of hospital admission and mortality. It has been reported that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) may relieve COPD symptoms and reduce the incidence of COPD exacerbations, thus improving life quality of COPD patients. The acute exacerbation of COPD risk-window (AECOPD-RW) is the period after an exacerbation and before the patient returns to baseline. In the AECOPD-RW, patients are usually at increased risk of a second exacerbation, which may lead to hospital admission and high mortality. It may be beneficial for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients to receive interventions during AECOPD-RW. During exacerbations the treatment principle is to eliminate exogenous pathogens, whereas the AECOPD-RW treatment principle focuses on enhancing body resistance. METHODS/DESIGN: A prospective, multi-center, single-blinded, double-dummy and randomized controlled clinical trial is being conducted to test the therapeutic effects of a sequential two stage treatment, which includes eliminating pathogen and strengthening vital qi with syndrome differentiation. A total of 364 patients will be enrolled in this study with 182 in each treatment group (TCM and control). Patients received medication (or control) according to their assigned group. TCM for AECOPD were administered twice daily to patients with AECOPD over 7 to 21 days, followed by TCM for AECOPD-RW over 28 days. All patients were followed for six months. The clinical symptoms, the modified medical research council dyspnea (MMRC) scale and exacerbations were used as the primary outcome measures. Pulmonary function, quality of life and mortality rate were used as secondary outcome measures. DISCUSSION: It is hypothesized that sequentially eliminating pathogens and strengthening vital qi treatments with syndrome differentiation will have beneficial effects on reducing the frequency and duration of acute exacerbation, relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for COPD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR-TRC-11001460.

Resae rch advances of HBV mous e model and liver immunology / 中国免疫学杂志

Hepatitis B virus ( HBV) threatens human's health seriously, immune disorder is the main pathogenesis.HBV cannot naturally infect mouse liver, thus the researchers tried to established HBV mouse models to imitate the immunological pathogenesis of HBV infection.This review summarize various methods to establish HBV mouse models, including HBV transgenic technics, HBV in vivo liver-target transfection technics and HBV naturally infected humanized mouse technics etc.Their advantages, disadvantages and contributions to immunological studies were also analyzed, and the development of this area was also prospected.

Effects of Early Usage with Wulingjun Powder on the Behavior of Rats with Post-traumatic Stress Disor-der and the Level of IL-1βand IL-6 in Their Hippocampi / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect of early usage with Wulingjun powder on the behavior of rats with post-traumat-ic stress disorder(PTSD)and the level of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-6 in their hippocampi. METHODS:50 SD rats were ran-domized into control group(normal saline),model group(normal saline),positive control group(paroxetine,10 mg/kg)and the groups of low and high-dose(0.4,0.8 g/kg)Wulingjun powder. The rats in all groups except for control group,were exposed to single prolonged stress for the establishment of PTSD models. Corresponding drugs were given ig immediately after such establish-ment,qd,for 7 consecutive days. An open field test(the times of the rats’entering the central area and the percentage of the time the rats spent in exploring the central area within 10 min were recorded)was conducted 7 days after giving drugs;and an elevated plus-maze test(the times of the rats’in opening arms and the percentage of the time the rats spent in opening arms within 5 min were recorded)was carried out 8 days thereafter,to observe the behavior of the rats. Then the rats were sacrificed to determine the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in their hippocampi by ELISA. RESULTS:Compared to the normal group,the behavioral index of the rats in model group was significantly lower,and the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in their hippocampi was significantly higher(P0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:High-dose Wulingjun power can improve the anxiety-like behavior of the rats with PTSD,which may be related to the re-duction in the level of IL-1βand IL-6 in the hippocampus.

Treatment for erectile dysfunction patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by nasal continual positive airway pressure / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of nasal continual positive airway pressure (nCPAP) on the erectile function of erectile dysfunction (ED) patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-seven patients with ED and OSAS were randomly divided into treatment (n = 15) and control (n = 12) groups, the former treated by nCPAP from 22:00 to 6:00 per night for 1 month. And the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI), the lowest oxygen saturation (SaO2) and IIEF were compared before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AHI, the lowest SaO2, erectile function and IIEF showed no significant difference before treatment in the two groups, but displayed a significant improvement after treatment in the treated group compared with the control (P > 0.05), in which no significant changes were observed before and after treatment (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>nCPAP therapy can improve the erectile function of ED patients with OSAS.</p>