RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In low- and middle-income countries, such as Brazil, studies on the causes of death in asbestos-exposed workers are scarce. METHODS: A cohort study was performed involving 988 males who had worked in the asbestos-cement industry in the state of São Paulo, with a total of 12,217 person-years of observation between 1995 and 2016. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) stratified by age was calculated as the ratio between the observed rate and the expected rate in the state of São Paulo. RESULTS: Increased SMRs were observed for overall mortality (SMR 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.23) and mortality due to pleural malignant neoplasms (MN) (SMR, 69.4; 95% CI, 22.55-162.1), asbestosis (SMR, 975.7; 95% CI, 396.4-2031), peritoneal MN (SMR, 5.0; 95% CI, 0.13-27.78), laryngeal MN (SMR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.30-4.20), and pulmonary MN (SMR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.82-2.64). CONCLUSION: The present study highlights the damage caused by asbestos exposure and reinforces the existing evidence of a causal association between exposure and increased mortality due to pleural MN, pulmonary MN, and asbestosis.