RESUMO
The Environmental Health Program of the Pan American Health Organization has established goals to be able to comply with the resolutions of the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee. As an integral part of the Environmental Health Program, the Pan American Center for Human Ecology and Health (ECO) must contribute to the achievement of these goals. Generally speaking, there is a scarcity of toxicology professionals in the Region of the Americas. In order to ameliorate this situation, it is suggested that activities in the areas of training professionals, conducting research, dissemination of information, and publishing of educational materials be undertaken. It is proposed that the "Joint Toxicology Network at the Regional Level" be created. The objectives of such a network would be the promotion and encouragement of activities in the area of toxicology; assistance to countries in identifying their needs; encouragement of information exchange, publication and training in toxicology; and support of the Toxicology Information Centers. In order to achieve the Network objectives, it is suggested that activities be undertaken by the national groups belonging to the network.
Assuntos
Saúde Ambiental , Cooperação Internacional , Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/organização & administração , Toxicologia/organização & administração , América LatinaAssuntos
Colinesterases/sangue , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Colinesterases/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
The intake of water or food with high levels of nitrates produces methemoglobinemia in infants up to 3 months of age. The study reviews factors in the environment and in the host that account for the increased risk in this age group. In order to reduce the prevalence of this problem, health authorities should control nitrate concentrations in drinking water, create adequate water supply systems, implement educational programs aimed at informing parents about preventive measures, and call on physicians to report cases of methemoglobinemia.
Assuntos
Metemoglobinemia/induzido quimicamente , Nitratos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
Residues of organochlorine insecticides were determined by gas chromatograph-electron capture detector in two population groups: one (n = 21) formed by persons living in the neighborhood of a technical HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) factory and the other (n = 21) constituted of individuals from the general population not occupationally exposed to pesticides. No difference was observed in the serum insecticide levels of the two groups. In the 42 samples, alpha-HCH was observed in 42 (means 1.2 micrograms/L), gamma-HCH was observed in 38 (means 0.4 microgram/L), beta-HCH was observed in 42 (means 7.3 micrograms/L), delta-HCH was observed in 4 (means greater than 0.3 micrograms/L), aldrin was observed in 42 (means 1.4 micrograms/L), p, p'DDE was observed in 42 (means 23.9 micrograms/L), o, p' -DDT was observed in 11 (means less than 0.2 micrograms/L), p,p' -DDD was observed in 32 means 2.1 micrograms/L) and p, p' -DDT was observed in 38 (means 2.1 micrograms/L).
Assuntos
Hidrocarbonetos Clorados , Inseticidas/sangue , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Blood lead was determined in 7 adults, 2 children, 1 bull, 11 cows, and 3 calves living on agricultural land near an industrial waste site. An unexposed human control group was composed of 2 adults and 2 children. Mean blood lead from the exposed group was 4.6 micrograms/dl for adults, 5.1 micrograms/dl for children, 1.3 micrograms/dl for the bull, 1.2 micrograms/dl for cows, and 1.8 micrograms/dl for calves. Unexposed adults had 4.1 micrograms/dl and children had 3.7 micrograms/dl lead blood. The blood lead content did not suggest a health hazard from lead for either humans or animals.
Assuntos
Resíduos Industriais/efeitos adversos , Chumbo/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Poluentes do Solo/análiseAssuntos
Poluição Ambiental , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Toxicologia , América , Aditivos Alimentares , Humanos , Medicina PreventivaAssuntos
Acidentes , Surtos de Doenças/epidemiologia , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Contaminação de Alimentos , Saúde Global , História do Século XX , Humanos , Intoxicação/etiologia , Poluentes do Solo/efeitos adversos , Poluição Química da Água/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Foram feitas determinacoes de chumbo e atividade da gama-ALAD no sangue de 3 amostras populacionais da Grande Sao Paulo, Brasil. Um grupo (A) de area de escassa exposicao ambiental ao chumbo, um grupo (B) exposto principalmente a fontes moveis de emissao de chumbo e um grupo (C) vizinho a uma industria de recuperacao de chumbo. Cada grupo foi subdividido conforme sexo e habito de fumar. A plumbemia do grupo C (20,5 micro g/100 ml) foi significantemente maior que as dos grupos A (11,2 micro g/100 ml) e B(12,4 micro g/100ml) As correlacoes entre plumbemia e atividade da gama-ALAD, plumbemia e sexo e plumbemia e habito de fumar foram investigadas
Assuntos
Sintase do Porfobilinogênio , Chumbo , Exposição Ambiental , Intoxicação por ChumboRESUMO
La contaminacion ambiental se produce por agentes toxicos originados en diversas fuentes. La contaminacion causada por accidentes pone de manifiesto la necesidad de llevar a cabo estudios toxicologicos multidisciplinarios en este campo