RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the recommendations for multiparametric prostate MRI (mp-MRI) interpretation introduced in the recently updated Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2), and investigate the impact of pathologic tumour volume on prostate cancer (PCa) detectability on mpMRI. METHODS: This was an institutional review board (IRB)-approved, retrospective study of 150 PCa patients who underwent mp-MRI before prostatectomy; 169 tumours ≥0.5-mL (any Gleason Score [GS]) and 37 tumours <0.5-mL (GS ≥4+3) identified on whole-mount pathology maps were located on mp-MRI consisting of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. Corresponding PI-RADSv2 scores were assigned on each sequence and combined as recommended by PI-RADSv2. We calculated the proportion of PCa foci on whole-mount pathology correctly identified with PI-RADSv2 (dichotomized scores 1-3 vs. 4-5), stratified by pathologic tumour volume. RESULTS: PI-RADSv2 allowed correct identification of 118/125 (94 %; 95 %CI: 90-99 %) peripheral zone (PZ) and 42/44 (95 %; 95 %CI: 89-100 %) transition zone (TZ) tumours ≥0.5 mL, but only 7/27 (26 %; 95 %CI: 10-42 %) PZ and 2/10 (20 %; 95 %CI: 0-52 %) TZ tumours with a GS ≥4+3, but <0.5 mL. DCE-MRI aided detection of 4/125 PZ tumours ≥0.5 mL and 0/27 PZ tumours <0.5 mL. CONCLUSIONS: PI-RADSv2 correctly identified 94-95 % of PCa foci ≥0.5 mL, but was limited for the assessment of GS ≥4+3 tumours ≤0.5 mL. DCE-MRI offered limited added value to T2WI+DW-MRI. KEY POINTS: ⢠PI-RADSv2 correctly identified 95 % of PCa foci ≥0.5 mL ⢠PI-RADSv2 was limited for the assessment of GS ≥4+3 tumours ≤0.5 mL ⢠DCE-MRI offered limited added value to T2WI+DW-MRI.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Sistemas de Informação em Radiologia , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Próstata/patologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Caveolins 1, 2, and 3 are the principal proteins of caveolae, the vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane. Several reports have suggested that caveolin-1 may have a role in cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. We studied the expression of caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 in normal epithelium, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma of the colon and their possible role in tumorigenesis. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 41 cases of adenocarcinoma and 13 cases of adenoma of the colon were stained immunohistochemically with anti-caveolin-1 and anti-caveolin-2 antibodies. The expression of caveolin-1 was elevated in the overwhelming majority of the adenocarcinomas, while most normal colonic epithelium and adenomas showed little or no staining. There was significant statistical correlation of the expression of caveolin-1 with adenocarcinoma but not with tumor stage. Expression of caveolin-2 was undetectable in all of the normal colonic glands, adenomas, and carcinomas. We discuss the possible clinical implications of our findings within the context of caveolins and signal transduction.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Caveolinas/biossíntese , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adenoma/metabolismo , Adenoma/patologia , Adenoma/cirurgia , Caveolina 1 , Caveolina 2 , Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/cirurgia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
A report of a patient treated by partial resection of the ureter and renal autotransplantation for recurrent benign ureteral tumors and impaired renal function in the contralateral kidney is presented. Autotransplantation of the ipsilateral kidney associated with benign disease of the renal excretory system is recommended even with normal function of the contralateral kidney. Experience with renal homotransplantation has led to excellent technical and functional results from autotransplantation, and use of the procedure is expanding to include treatment of a variety of renal, ureteral, and renovascular pathology. The role of renal autotransplantation in the preservation of functioning renal units is emphasized.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim , Pólipos/cirurgia , Ureter/cirurgia , Neoplasias Ureterais/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Pólipos/diagnóstico por imagem , Transplante Autólogo , Neoplasias Ureterais/diagnóstico por imagem , UrografiaRESUMO
Congenital renal arteriovenous malformations are rare, but their incidence are frequency of recognition are rising. Six cases of both cirsoid and idiopathic varieties are described. Patients were either asymptomatic or presented with gross hematuria and flank pain. Physical findings included hypertension, cardiomegaly, flank tenderness, and an abdominal bruit. IVP findings included filling defects in the renal pelvis from blood clots, irregular mucosal pattersn, or mass effect. Angiography demonstrated either single, simple, vascular channels or multiple, complex, varix-like communications. In both there was early filling of the renal vein, a normal caliber to the feeding artery and draining vein, and no displacement of parenchymal vessles. Asymptomatic patients required no treatment. Surgical procedures that spare renal parenchyma are preferred.
Assuntos
Malformações Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Renal/anormalidades , Veias Renais/anormalidades , Adulto , Angiografia , Malformações Arteriovenosas/complicações , Malformações Arteriovenosas/cirurgia , Feminino , Hematúria/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , UrografiaRESUMO
We have investigated the effects of short-term neoadjuvant and long-term androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) on ß-microseminoprotein (MSMB) and cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (CRISP3) expression in prostate cancer patients. We also studied if MSMB expression was related to genotype and epigenetic silencing. Using an Affymetrix cDNA microarray analysis, we investigated the expression of MSMB, CRISP3, androgen receptor (AR), KLK3 and Enhancer of Zeste Homologue-2 (EZH2) in tissue from prostate cancer patients receiving (n=17) or not receiving (n=23) ADT before radical prostatectomy. MSMB, CRISP3 and AR were studied in tissue from the same patients undergoing TURP before and during ADT (n=16). MSMB genotyping of these patients was performed by TaqMan PCR. MSMB and KLK3 expression levels decreased during ADT. Expression levels of AR and CRISP3 were not affected by short-term ADT but were high in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and metastases. Levels of EZH2 were also high in metastases, where MSMB was low. Genotyping of the MSMB rs10993994 polymorphism showed that the TT genotype conveys poor MSMB expression. MSMB expression is influenced by androgens, but also by genotype and epigenetic silencing. AR and CRISP3 expression are not influenced by short-term ADT, and high levels were found in CRPC and metastases.
Assuntos
Antagonistas de Androgênios/farmacologia , Carcinoma/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Proteínas Secretadas pela Próstata/genética , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/genética , Proteínas de Plasma Seminal/genética , Idoso , Antagonistas de Androgênios/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas de Androgênios/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma/patologia , Epigênese Genética/efeitos dos fármacos , Epigênese Genética/fisiologia , Flutamida/administração & dosagem , Flutamida/farmacologia , Flutamida/uso terapêutico , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Genótipo , Gosserrelina/administração & dosagem , Gosserrelina/farmacologia , Gosserrelina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Análise em Microsséries , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Proteínas Secretadas pela Próstata/metabolismo , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plasma Seminal/metabolismoRESUMO
Urothelial neoplasms in patients 19 years of age or younger are rare, and the data regarding clinical outcome are conflicting. Molecular data are not available. Urothelial tumours from 14 patients aged 4 to 19 years were analysed, including FGFR3 and TP53 mutation screening, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), UroVysion FISH analysis, polymerase chain reaction for human papillomavirus (HPV), microsatellite analysis using the NIH consensus panel for detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) and six markers for loss of heterozygosity on chromosome arms 9p, 9q, and 17p and immunohistochemistry for TP53, Ki-67, CK20 and the mismatch repair proteins (MRPs) hMSH2, hMLH1, and hMSH6. Based on the 2004 WHO classification, one urothelial papilloma, seven papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMPs), five low-grade, and one high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma were included. No multifocal tumours were found and recurrence was seen in only one patient with a urothelial papilloma. All patients were alive with no evidence of disease at a median follow-up of 3.0 years. We found no mutations in FGFR3, deletions of chromosome arms 9p, 9q or 17p, MSI or MRP loss, or HPV positivity in any of the patients. Three cases showed chromosome alterations in CGH analyses, urothelial dedifferentiation with CK20 overexpression, or aneuploidy, and one TP53 mutation with TP53 overexpression was found. Urothelial neoplasms in people younger than 20 years are predominantly low grade and are associated with a favourable clinical outcome. Genetic alterations frequently seen in older adults are extremely rare in young patients. Urothelial neoplasms in children and young adults appear to be biologically distinct and lack genetic instability in most cases.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Cromossomos Humanos Par 9 , Papiloma/genética , Neoplasias Urológicas/genética , Urotélio , Adolescente , Adulto , Alphapapillomavirus/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Reparo de Erro de Pareamento de DNA , Análise Mutacional de DNA , DNA Viral/análise , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Genes p53 , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente/métodos , Perda de Heterozigosidade , Masculino , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Papiloma/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Receptor Tipo 3 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A review was made of the CT studies and pathology reports of four patients with surgically resected colonic villous adenomatous tumors, two of whom had focal carcinomatous invasion. CONCLUSION: Two patients had villous tumors with IV contrast-enhancing convolutional gyral patterns. The other two patients had tumor masses that showed oral contrast medium collecting in surface interstices, analogous to findings with barium enemas. One of the latter also had an unusual cluster of mesenteric vessels adjacent to the lesion.
Assuntos
Adenoma Viloso/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adenoma Viloso/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
It recently was reported that Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and mdx mice have elevated levels of caveolin-3 expression in their skeletal muscle. However, it remains unknown whether increased caveolin-3 levels in DMD patients contribute to the pathogenesis of DMD. Here, using a genetic approach, we test this hypothesis directly by overexpressing wild-type caveolin-3 as a transgene in mice. Analysis of skeletal muscle tissue from caveolin-3- overexpressing transgenic mice reveals: (i) a dramatic increase in the number of sarcolemmal muscle cell caveolae; (ii) a preponderance of hypertrophic, necrotic, and immature/regenerating skeletal muscle fibers with characteristic central nuclei; and (iii) down-regulation of dystrophin and beta-dystroglycan protein expression. In addition, these mice show elevated serum creatine kinase levels, consistent with the myo-necrosis observed morphologically. The Duchenne-like phenotype of caveolin-3 transgenic mice will provide an important mouse model for understanding the pathogenesis of DMD in humans.