GM1 ganglioside enhances cholinergic parameters in the brain of senescent rats.

GM1 ganglioside and nerve growth factor both promote the recovery of injured central cholinergic neurons in young animals. Brain cholinergic activity declines with aging and nerve growth factor has been shown to correct cholinergic deficits in senescent animals. We have administered GM1, to young (three months old) or senescent (22-24 months old) rats and evaluated acetylcholine and choline content, choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activity as well as choline uptake in striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex. For some studies, nerve growth factor was administered alone or together with GM1. Our results indicate that cholinergic neurochemical parameters are decreased in some brain areas of senescent animals and that both GM1 and nerve growth factor can enhance their recovery.

Epidermal growth factor enhances striatal dopaminergic parameters in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mouse.

Intracerebroventricular infusion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) into mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons partially enhanced the content of dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as well as the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum. EGF also enhanced these parameters in control, unlesioned animals. Neurotrophic activity also was observed in embryonic mesencephalic cultures, where EGF enhanced DA uptake after a lesion with the neurotoxic metabolite of MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion. Our in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that EGF may be a neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons, or may act indirectly by inducing the release of a dopaminergic trophic factor from other cells.