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1.
CJEM ; 24(6): 606-610, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35666370

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Learners, either medical students or residents, often perform the initial assessment of patients visiting the emergency department (ED). It is unclear, however, if learners affect the rate of short-term unscheduled return visits. The objective of this study was to determine if the involvement of learners in ED visits increases the rate of return visits. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of ED visit data at a single tertiary care centre over a 1-year period. Return visits were defined as those presenting within 72 h of discharge from an initial non-admit ED visit and resulting in an admission on the second visit. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the odds ratios of return visits, adjusting for prespecified co-variates, with and without learners involved during the initial visit. Secondary analyses assessed for associations between learner level of training, program of study and return visits. RESULTS: Return visits occurred after 658 (1.3%) of 51,149 encounters involving learners and 701 (0.8%) of 83,310 encounters with no learner involvement. Involvement of learners in ED initial visits was not associated with increased odds of return visits (adjusted OR 1.13 [95% CI 0.71-1.81]), although the point estimates were heterogeneous over learner level of training, with clerkship students (medical student years 3 and 4) and senior residents (post-graduate years 4 and 5) trending towards reduced odds of a return visit. Resident program of study did not independently predict return visits. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the involvement of learners in ED patient assessments is not associated with increased odds of short-term unscheduled return visits.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Les apprenants, qu'ils soient étudiants en médecine ou résidents, procèdent souvent à l'évaluation initiale des patients qui se rendent au service des urgences (SU). Il n'est pas clair, cependant, si les apprenants ont une incidence sur le taux de visites de retour imprévues à court terme. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer si la participation des apprenants dans les visites aux urgences augmentait le taux de retour des visites. MéTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une analyse transversale rétrospective des données sur les visites à l'urgence dans un seul centre de soins tertiaires sur une période d'un an. Les visites de retour ont été définies comme celles qui se sont présentées dans les 72 heures suivant la sortie d'une première visite à l'urgence sans admission et qui ont donné lieu à une admission lors de la deuxième visite. Un modèle linéaire mixte généralisé a été utilisé pour déterminer les rapports de cotes des visites de retour, en tenant compte des co-variables préétablies, avec et sans participation des apprenants pendant la visite initiale. Des analyses secondaires ont évalué les associations entre le niveau de formation de l'apprenant, le programme d'études et les visites de retour. RéSULTATS: Les visites de retour ont eu lieu après 658 (1,3%) des 51 149 rencontres impliquant des apprenants et 701 (0,8%) des 83 310 rencontres sans participation de l'apprenant. L'implication des apprenants dans les visites initiales à l'urgence n'était pas associée à une probabilité accrue de visites ultérieures (OR ajusté = 1,13 [IC à 95% 0,71­1,81]), bien que les estimations ponctuelles aient été hétérogènes selon le niveau de formation de l'apprenant, les étudiants en externat (années d'études en médecine 3 et 4) et les résidents seniors (années 4 et 5 des études supérieures) ont tendance à réduire les risques de visite de retour. Le programme d'études des résidents n'a pas prédit de manière indépendante les visites de retour. CONCLUSIONS: Cette étude a démontré que la participation des apprenants aux évaluations des patients à l'urgence n'est pas associée à une probabilité accrue de visites de retour imprévues à court terme.


Assuntos
Medicina de Emergência , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Internato e Residência , Admissão do Paciente , Estudantes de Medicina , Estudos Transversais , Educação Médica , Medicina de Emergência/educação , Humanos , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fatores de Tempo
2.
Exp Cell Res ; 283(2): 247-55, 2003 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12581744

RESUMO

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent endothelial cell mitogen and angiogenic growth factor that enhances endothelial cell invasion through the extracellular matrix (ECM). While various cell types express VEGF receptors, little is known about the biological actions of VEGF on nonendothelial cells. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of VEGF on the in vitro invasiveness and proliferation of human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells and human HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated the presence of transcripts encoding VEGF receptors (VEGFR) -1, -2, and -3 as well as neuropilins-1 and -2 in the trophoblast cells, and the presence of transcripts encoding VEGFR-2 and neuropilins-1 and -2 in the breast carcinoma cells. Both cell lines also expressed transcripts for VEGF-A, -B, -C and -D, as well as for placenta growth factor (PlGF). Although incubation with exogenous VEGF-A(165) or VEGF-A(121) did not affect the rate of proliferation of either the trophoblast or the breast carcinoma cells, incubation with these molecules reduced their ability to invade through reconstituted ECM (Matrigel). The effect of VEGF-A(165) on the invasiveness of both cell lines was inhibited by the inclusion of a neutralizing antibody to VEGF. Exogenous VEGF-A(165) also decreased the cell surface expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (a molecule required for invasion) by the breast carcinoma and trophoblast cells. These results indicate that the biological actions of VEGF on certain cell types may differ from the effects of this molecule on vascular endothelial cells, and therefore are relevant to angiogenesis-based therapies.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Crescimento Endotelial/farmacologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/farmacologia , Linfocinas/farmacologia , Invasividade Neoplásica/prevenção & controle , Trofoblastos/citologia , Fator B de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Fator C de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Indutores da Angiogênese/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Crescimento Endotelial/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/genética , Linfocinas/genética , Neuropilina-1/genética , Neuropilina-2/genética , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Receptores de Superfície Celular/análise , Receptores de Superfície Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Receptor 3 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular
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