RESUMO
Treatment of newborn rats with nerve growth factor (NGF) results in a striking increase in phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in the superior cervical ganglia. Between one and three weeks of age there is normally a 10-fold decrease in PNMT activity in ganglia of infant rats. NGF treatment maintains the PNMT in ganglia at levels 10-fold greater than in untreated controls, but the levels of enzyme in the ganglion show the same magnitude of decrease with age. Epinephrine levels are markedly increased in ganglia of NGF-treated rats younger than one week of age, but at older ages the levels of the catecholamine are only slightly greater than the controls. Dexamethasone is less effective than NGF in increasing the levels of PNMT in ganglia of infant rats and, unlike NGF, becomes ineffective by 44 days of age. These results suggest that there may be two types of PNMT-containing cells in ganglia of newborn rats.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/metabolismo , Gânglios Autônomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/farmacologia , Feniletanolamina N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Fatores Etários , Animais , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Epinefrina/metabolismo , Feminino , Gânglios Autônomos/enzimologia , Masculino , RatosAssuntos
Compostos de Anilina/farmacologia , Carotenoides/biossíntese , Ácidos Graxos/biossíntese , Fungos Mitospóricos/metabolismo , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Vitamina D/biossíntese , Cromatografia Gasosa , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Meios de Cultura , Depressão Química , Eletroforese Descontínua , Glucose/metabolismo , Pigmentos Biológicos/biossíntese , Espectrofotometria , Estimulação QuímicaAssuntos
Nervos Cranianos/metabolismo , Gânglios/metabolismo , Substâncias de Crescimento/farmacologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Animais , Embrião de Galinha , Colesterol/metabolismo , Nervos Cranianos/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cultura , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/metabolismo , Gânglios/anatomia & histologia , Gânglios/efeitos dos fármacos , Gânglios/enzimologia , Lipídeos/biossíntese , Métodos , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/farmacologia , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Sensação , Esfingomielinas/metabolismo , Esteroides/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/metabolismoAssuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Epinefrina/metabolismo , Guanetidina/farmacologia , Hidroxidopaminas/farmacologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Iodo , Camundongos , Oxirredução , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Catecolaminas/metabolismo , Dopamina beta-Hidroxilase/metabolismo , Feniletanolamina N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Animais , Tronco Encefálico/enzimologia , Gatos , Dopamina/metabolismo , Hidroxidopaminas/farmacologia , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Especificidade de Órgãos , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Gânglios/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/farmacologia , Animais , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Embrião de Galinha , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/biossínteseRESUMO
1. Sensory ganglia from 8-day-old chick embryos were incubated with a specific nerve growth factor and with insulin. 2. From the total lipid extract of the ganglia a compound with steroid characteristics was isolated. 3. The synthesis of this compound, measured spectrophotometrically, diminished after addition of the nerve growth factor and insulin to the incubation medium. 4. The incorporation of sodium [2-(14)C]acetate and dl-[2-(14)C]mevalonic acid into total lipids of the sensory ganglia was stimulated by the nerve growth factor and insulin, but the radioactivity of the sterol-like compound was slightly lower. The incorporation of labelled mevalonic acid either into total lipids or into the sterol-like compound was about 25% lower. 5. About 20% of the acetate incorporated into total lipids and about 87% of the mevalonic acid were recovered in the sterol-like compound.
Assuntos
Gânglios/metabolismo , Substâncias de Crescimento/farmacologia , Insulina/farmacologia , Esteroides/biossíntese , Acetatos/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Isótopos de Carbono , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular , Embrião de Galinha , Cromatografia Gasosa , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Depressão Química , Gânglios/embriologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Ácido Mevalônico/metabolismo , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/farmacologia , Sensação , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
1. The lipids of the red mycelium of the fungus Epicoccum nigrum Link were investigated. Four carotenoid pigments were isolated and identified as beta-carotene, gamma-carotene, rhodoxanthin and torularhodin. 2. For the first time rhodoxanthin was isolated as a fungal metabolite. 3. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in the total lipids. 4. Ergosterol was present in the lipids in the non-esterified form.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/biossíntese , Lipídeos/biossíntese , Fungos Mitospóricos/metabolismo , Carotenoides/isolamento & purificação , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Meios de Cultura , Ácidos Graxos/biossíntese , Luz , Análise Espectral , Raios Ultravioleta , Vitamina D/biossínteseRESUMO
Epinine was identified in rat superior cervical ganglia by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. The deuterated methyl group of i.v. administered labeled methionine was incorporated into epinine at a slow rate, although epinephrine-CD3 was rapidly formed. These results indicate that epinine found in the ganglia is not a precursor of epinephrine.
Assuntos
Desoxiepinefrina/metabolismo , Dopamina/análogos & derivados , Gânglios Espinais/metabolismo , Envelhecimento , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Cromatografia Gasosa , Desoxiepinefrina/isolamento & purificação , Dopamina/metabolismo , Epinefrina/metabolismo , Gânglios Espinais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Espectrometria de Massas , Metionina/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , RatosRESUMO
Growth and pigmentation of Epicoccum nigrum was studied in submerged culture in various media. Red pigmentation of the mycelium and of fermentation broth was obtained only in a medium containing glucose and yeast autolysate. This pigmentation occurred at the time of maximal production of carotenoids. Observations on the submerged culture of this organism in flasks and in fermentors are described, and the details of a standardized procedure for the production of carotenoid pigments are given.