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1.
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 47(9): 501-515, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37076405

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To design a mortality indicator in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN: A multicenter, observational descriptive study was carried out. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with ACS admitted to the ICUs included in the ARIAM-SEMICYUC registry between January 2013 and April 2019. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Demographic parameters, time of access to the healthcare system, and clinical condition. Revascularization therapy, drugs and mortality were analyzed. Cox regression analysis was performed, followed by the design of a neural network. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to calculate the power of the new score. Lastly, the clinical utility or relevance of the ARIAM indicator (ARIAM's) was assessed using a Fagan test. RESULTS: A total of 17,258 patients were included in the study, with a mortality rate of 3.5% (n = 605) at discharge from the ICU. The variables showing statistical significance (P < .001) were entered into the supervised predictive model, an artificial neural network. The new ARIAM's yielded a mean of 0.0257 (95%CI: 0.0245-0.0267) in patients discharged from the ICU versus 0.27085 (95%CI: 0.2533-0.2886) in those who died (P < .001). The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.918 (95%CI: 0.907-0.930). Based on the Fagan test, the ARIAM's showed the mortality risk to be 19% (95%CI: 18%-20%) when positive and 0.9% (95%CI: 0.8%-1.01%) when negative. CONCLUSIONS: A new mortality indicator for ACS in the ICU can be established that is more accurate and reproducible, and periodically updated.


Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Humanos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Hospitalização , Alta do Paciente
3.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 44(9): 551-565, dic. 2020. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-188034

RESUMO

La infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) se caracteriza por producir en las formas graves, un cuadro de insuficiencia respiratoria que puede evolucionar hacia neumonía y síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA), presentar complicaciones como fenómenos trombóticos y disfunción cardiaca, lo que motiva el ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI).La ecografía, convertida en una herramienta de uso habitual en la UCI, puede ser muy útil durante la pandemia COVID-19 ya que la información obtenida por el clínico puede ser interpretada e integrada en la valoración global durante la exploración del paciente. Este documento describe algunas de sus aplicaciones con el objetivo de proporcionar una guía a los médicos responsables adaptado al paciente crítico con COVID-19. Alguna de sus aplicaciones desde el ingreso en la UCI incluyen confirmar la correcta posición del tubo endotraqueal, facilitar la inserción segura de las vías, e identificar complicaciones y fenómenos trombóticos. Además, la ecografía pleuropulmonar puede ser una alternativa diagnóstica válida que permite evaluar el grado de afectación pulmonar, mediante el análisis de patrones ecográficos específicos, identificación del derrame pleural y del barotrauma. La ecocardiografía proporciona información acerca de la afectación cardíaca, detección del cor pulmonaley estados de shock


The clinical picture of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is characterized in its more severe form, by an acute respiratory failure which can worsen to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and get complicated with thrombotic events and heart dysfunction. Therefore, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is common.Ultrasound, which has become an everyday tool in the ICU, can be very useful during COVID-19 pandemic, since it provides the clinician with information which can be interpreted and integrated within a global assessment during the physical examination A description of some of the potential applications of ultrasound is depicted in this document, in order to supply the physicians taking care of these patients with a adapted guide to the intensive care setting.Some of its applications since ICU admission include verification of the correct position of the endotracheal tube, contribution to safe cannulation of lines, and identification of complications and thrombotic events. Furthermore, pleural and lung ultrasound can be an alternative diagnostic test to assess the degree of involvement of the lung parenchyma by means of the evaluation of specific ultrasound patterns, identification of pleural effusions and barotrauma. Echocardiography provides information of heart involvement, detects cor pulmonaleand shock states


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/instrumentação , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Cardiopulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/tendências
4.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 47(12): 717-732, dic. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-228388

RESUMO

The use of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is not limited to the diagnosis and/or monitoring of critically ill patients. Further, ultrasound guidance is of paramount relevance to aid in successfully and safely performing several procedures in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this article, we review the role of POCUS as a procedural guidance in the ICU. Core procedures include, but are not limited to, vascular cannulation, pericardiocentesis, thoracentesis, paracentesis, aspiration of soft-tissue collections/arthrocentesis and lumbar puncture. With time, the procedures performed by intensivists may extend beyond the core competencies depicted in this review. Ultrasound guidance should be part of the intensivist’s competencies, for which appropriate training should be achieved. (AU)


El uso de la ecografía no se limita al diagnóstico y/o monitorización del paciente crítico. Además, la guía ecográfica es de gran importancia para la ejecución exitosa y segura de diversos procedimientos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). En este artículo, revisamos el papel de la ecografía como guía intervencionista en la UCI. Los procedimientos ecodirigidos claves son, aunque no se limitan a estos, la canulación vascular, pericardiocentesis, toracocentesis, paracentesis, aspiración de colecciones de partes blandas/artrocentesis y la punción lumbar. Con el tiempo, los procedimientos realizados por los intensivistas se extenderán más allá de los descriptos en esta revisión. La guía ecográfica debe formar parte de las competencias del intensivista, para lo cual se requiere un entrenamiento adecuado. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ultrassonografia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , 50230 , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção
5.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 47(9): 501-515, sept. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-225271

RESUMO

Objetivo: Diseñar un indicador de mortalidad del síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) en el servicio de medicina intensiva (SMI). Diseño: Estudio descriptivo observacional multicéntrico. Participantes: Pacientes con SCA ingresados en SMI incluidos en el registro ARIAM- SEMICYUC entre enero del 2013 y abril del 2019. Intervenciones: Ninguna. Variables de interés principales: Las variables analizadas fueron demográficas, tiempo de acceso al sistema sanitario y estado clínico. Se analizó la terapia de revascularización, los fármacos y la mortalidad. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística de COX y posteriormente se diseñó una red neuronal. Se elaboró una curva ROC para calcula la potencia del nuevo score. Finalmente, la utilidad clínica o relevancia del indicador ARIAM se evaluará mediante un gráfico de Fagan. Resultados: Se incluyó a 17.258 pacientes, con una mortalidad al alta del SMI del 3,5% (605). Las variables analizadas con significación estadística (p<0,001) fueron introducidas en el modelo predictivo supervisado, una red neuronal artificial. El nuevo indicador ARIAM mostro una media de 0,0257 (IC del 95%, 0,0245-0,0267) en los pacientes dados de alta de UCI y de 0,27085 (IC del 95%, 0,2533-0,2886) en los que fallecieron, p <0,001. El área ROC del modelo conseguido fue de 0,918 (IC del 95%, 0,907-0,930). En el test de Fagan se demostró que el indicador ARIAM muestra que la probabilidad de fallecimiento es del 19% (IC del 95%, 18-20%) cuando es positivo y del 0,9% (IC del 95%, 0,8-1,01%) cuando es negativo. Conclusiones: Es posible crear un nuevo indicador de mortalidad del SCA en el SMI que sea más exacto, reproducible y actualizable periódicamente. (AU)


Objective: To design a mortality indicator for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Design: Multicenter observational descriptive study. Participants: ACS patients admitted to SMI included in the ARIAM-SEMICYUC registry between January 2013 and April 2019. Interventions: None. Main variables of interest: Variables analyzed were demographic, time of access to the health system, and clinical condition. Revascularization therapy, drugs, and mortality were analyzed. A COX regression analysis was performed and subsequently a neural network was designed. An ROC curve was developed to calculate the power of the new score. Finally, the clinical utility or relevance of the ARIAM's indicator will be evaluated using a Fagan test. Results: 17,258 patients were included, with a 3.5% (605) mortality at discharge from the ICU. The variables analyzed with statistical significance (p<0.001) were entered into the supervised predictive model, an artificial neural network. The new ARIAM's indicator showed a mean of 0.0257 (95% CI: 0.0245–0.0267) in patients discharged from the ICU and 0.27085 (95% CI: 0.2533–0.2886) in those who died, p<0.001. The ROC area of the model achieved was 0.918 (95% CI: 0.907–0.930). The Fagan test showed that the ARIAM's Indicator shows that the probability of death is 19% (95% CI: 18%–20%) when it is positive and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.8%–1.01%) when it is negative. Conclusions: It is possible to create a new mortality indicator for ACS in the ICU that is more accurate, reproducible, and periodically updated. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/mortalidade , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Espanha
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