RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The rationale of this study was to identify independent prognostic factors influencing the late-phase survival of polytraumatized patients defined according to the New Berlin Definition. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis on 173 consecutively polytraumatized patients treated at a level I trauma center between January 2012 and December 2015. Patients were classified into two groups: severely injured patients (ISS > 16) and polytraumatized patients (patients who met the diagnostic criteria for the New Berlin Definition). RESULTS: Polytraumatized patients showed significantly lower late-phase and overall survival rates. The presence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and age > 55 years had a significant influence on the late-phase survival in polytraumatized patients but not in severely injured patients. Despite the percentage of severe TBI being nearly identical in both groups, severe TBI was identified as main cause of death in polytraumatized patients. Furthermore, severe TBI remains the main cause of death in polytraumatized patients > 55 years of age, whereas younger polytraumatized patients (< 55 years of age) tend to die more often due to the acute trauma. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that age beyond 55 years and concomitant (severe) TBI remain as most important influencing risk factor for the late-phase survival of polytraumatized patients but not in severely injured patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level III.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Traumatismo Múltiplo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de TraumatologiaRESUMO
Degeneration of the acromioclavicular joint (AC) often causes impaired shoulder function and pain. Its infiltration results in reportedly beneficial short-term effects. Misplacement of infiltrations is observed in high numbers. A previous study showed high accuracy of infiltrations of one surgeon comparing conventional palpation technique to ultrasound guidance. This study evaluates if ultrasound-guided AC joint infiltration is feasible for therapists of different levels of experience and if the accuracy can be increased. One hundred and twenty AC joints of 60 cadavers were enrolled into a prospective, randomized observer-blinded study. Six therapists of three different levels of experience infiltrated 20 AC joints each. Half of them were infiltrated after palpation of the joint space, half of them were ultrasound-guided infiltrated. Controls were performed pre- and post-infiltration by an independent radiologist. In total, accurate infiltration was observed in 70%. In 25%, misplacement of the infiltration was recorded in the palpation-, in 2% in the ultrasound- and in 3% in both groups. The difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.009). Ultrasound-guided infiltration to the AC joint is significantly more accurate than conventional palpation technique. This method is simple, efficient and can be applied by therapists of all levels of experience.
Assuntos
Articulação Acromioclavicular/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação Acromioclavicular/patologia , Injeções Intra-Articulares/métodos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cadáver , Competência Clínica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Palpação , Estudos Prospectivos , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
After the nuclear reactor accident of Chernobyl, the "Integrated Measurement and Information System (IMIS) for Monitoring the Environmental Radioactivity and Detecting Emissions from Nuclear Plants was implemented in Germany. IMIS is a nationwide comprehensive measuring system which permanently monitors the radioactivity in all important environment media in the whole federal territory. At approximately 40 sites, the activity concentration of radioactive substances is measured in air and precipitations. At least 14 of them are responsible for trace monitoring of radionuclides in the air. The legal bases of IMIS prescribe regular inter-laboratory comparison analyses in cooperation with the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), with the use of reference materials prepared by the Federal Coordinating Laboratories. In order to fulfil this requirement in the field of trace survey measurements in ground-level air, the Federal Office for Radiation Protection ("Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz", BfS) and the PTB have conducted a comparison with real, dust-loaded reference filters in 2005. The comparison was organized within the framework of a cooperation of trace survey stations from Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The paper describes the preparation of the real, dust-loaded reference filters, the procedure for spiking the filters with the activity standard solution containing (22)Na, (88)Y, (89)Sr, (90)Sr, (125)Sb, (133)Ba, (134)Cs, and (241)Am. Some results are discussed and conclusions are given.
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Aerossóis , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , LaboratóriosRESUMO
The Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD, German Meteorological Service) is integrated into the Global Atmospheric Watch programme (GAW) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). According to this programme a variety of chemical compounds and radionuclides are measured at global stations. At the research platform "Schneefernerhaus" 7Be, 222Rn, and its decay products, 14C in CO2, tritium as HTO, 85Kr and 133Xe are continuously monitored by the DWD or are sampled and then measured at the central laboratory in Offenbach. The results are used as additional information for studying atmospheric mixing processes or on the other hand as information about the background level of radioactivity. As a main subject of this paper the integration and partly the optimization of sampling and measuring procedures for the detection of noble gases are described. In particular, the methods of quality assurance are discussed for Kr and Xe.
RESUMO
In a matrix speller both eye fixation and attention are reflected in the event-related potentials to highlighting of characters. We consider the question of whether this can be used to open up two parallel channels by dissociating the attended character from the fixated one. Complementary classifiers for both characters are established and their relationship is investigated.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Auxiliares de Comunicação para Pessoas com Deficiência , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Idioma , Interface Usuário-Computador , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 7.3-year-old boy was presented at out-patient clinic because of tallness and premature puberty. His height was 150.2cm (+ 4.74 standard deviation score for chronological age), body mass index 18.4 kg/m2, pubic hair stage 3 (after Tanner), testicular volume of 5.0 ml each. Bone age was accelerated by 6.5 years (SD -1.55 for height according to bone age). Expected final height was 166 cm, mean genetic target height 180 cm. INVESTIGATIONS: Basal serum concentration of 17-hydroxyprogesterone was 142.1 ng/ml (normal: < 1.9) and testosterone of 93 ng/dl (normal: < 11). 24-hour urine showed an increased excretion of pregnantriol of 8280 micrograms/d (normal < 500). Gonadotropine-releasing hormone test (GnRH), blood collected at 0 and 30 min, showed an increased rise of the serum LH concentration of 0.6 to 8.2 mU/ml (normal < 0.3 and < 3.6, respectively) and a normal FSH increase of 1.3 to 3.2 mU/ml (normal < 1.3 and < 4.0, respectively). The diagnosis of adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) with 21-hydroxylase defect was confirmed by molecular genetic testing. TREATMENT AND COURSE: The boy was treated with hydrocortisone (average dose 18.3 mg/m2 body surface area). Because of the premature puberty and the poor growth endprognosis treatment with the GnRH agonist Decapeptyl Depot, 3.75 mg every 4 weeks i.m., was started. CONCLUSION: The correct diagnosis should have been made in the neonatal period on the basis of the family history (15-year-old brother with AGS) and at the latest on correct interpretation of the clinical signs during early childhood.
Assuntos
Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita/diagnóstico , 17-alfa-Hidroxiprogesterona/sangue , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Criança , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/uso terapêutico , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Luteolíticos/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pregnanotriol/urina , Puberdade Precoce/etiologia , Testosterona/sangue , Fatores de Tempo , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Functional-scintigraphic examinations were conducted to establish liver functionality and kinetics of extrahepatic bile flow, using 99mTc-Rotop-Ehida, in 25 patients with bilio-biliary or bilio-digestive anastomosis calibrated by ring drainage. Checks were made with indwelling drainage in place or after its removal. Liver damage was detectable in 80 per cent of all probands. The method based on nuclear medicine has proved to be more suitable for quantitative functionality assessment than clinical examinations and enzyme activity tests. With ring drainage in place, it may provide useful information complementary to X-ray presentation of bile duct conditions. After removal of ring drainage, it should be preferred to invasive methods of examination.
Assuntos
Ducto Colédoco/lesões , Drenagem/métodos , Doença Iatrogênica , Cirrose Hepática Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Ducto Colédoco/cirurgia , Humanos , Iminoácidos , Testes de Função Hepática , Compostos Organometálicos , Cintilografia , Lidofenina Tecnécio Tc 99mRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to monitor clinical, microbiological, medical, and immunological effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy in diabetics and healthy controls. 20 IDDM (insulin dependent, n = 7) or NIDDM (non-insulin dependent, n = 13) diabetic patients (median duration 11.5 years, range of HbA1C: 4.4-10.6%) with moderate to advanced periodontal disease and 20 matched healthy control patients, were subjected to supragingival pretreatment and subsequent subgingival therapy. Periodontal examinations (API, PBI, BOP, PPD, PAL), microbiological examinations (culture), medical routine examinations, and immunological examinations (oxidative burst response of PMNs to TNF-alpha and FMLP) were performed at baseline, 2 weeks after supragingival, and 4 months after subgingival therapy. 4 months after completion of non-surgical therapy, the following compared to baseline significant (p < or = 0.05) changes (delta) of clinical parameters (median) were found in diabetic patients versus control patients: deltaAPI (30.4% versus 36.3%), deltaPBI (22.9% versus 24.2%), deltaBOP (39.5% versus 46.9%). The median % per patient of pockets with PPD > or = 4 mm decreased from 41.9% to 28.3% in diabetics, and from 41.6% to 31.8% in controls. Microbiologically, similar reductions of periopathogenic bacteria were found in diabetics and controls. Neither periodontal data nor the oxidative burst response of PMNs showed any significant difference (p > 0.05) between diabetics and control patients. In this study, periodontal therapy had no significant influence on medical data of diabetics. In conclusion, this study indicates that metabolically well-controlled diabetics might respond to non-surgical periodontal therapy as well as healthy control patients.
Assuntos
Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos , Complicações do Diabetes , Periodontite/complicações , Periodontite/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Placa Dentária/terapia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Raspagem Dentária , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Índice de Higiene Oral , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/imunologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Explosão Respiratória , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Curetagem Subgengival , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The influence of indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, on basal and stimulated plasma renin activities in normal human subjects was determined. Stimulation of the renin activity was achieved by orthostasis or by furosemide. Indomethacin led to a considerable decrease of both basal and stimulated plasma renin activity in chronic and acute experiments. Our experiments provide no evidence that major changes in the sodium balance are responsible for the effects observed. It is concluded that some antagonistic function of the renin angiotensin system and prostaglandins seems probable. These antagonistic actions might play a role in the regulation of the kidney circulation or the arterial blood pressure.
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Indometacina/farmacologia , Renina/sangue , Adulto , Metabolismo Basal/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Creatinina/urina , Diurese/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Furosemida/farmacologia , Humanos , Hipotensão Ortostática/sangue , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Masculino , Natriurese/efeitos dos fármacos , Potássio/urina , Prostaglandinas/fisiologia , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
1) The influence of oral indomethacin on basal and stimulated plasma renin activity in normal human subjects was determined. 2) Indomethacin lowers the basal plasma renin activity in man. 3) The response of the plasma renin activity after indomethacin to physiological and pharmacological stimuli is maintained at a lower level. 4) There is no evidence from our experiments that major changes in the sodium balance are responsible for the effects observed.
Assuntos
Indometacina/farmacologia , Renina/sangue , Administração Oral , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Creatinina/sangue , Furosemida/administração & dosagem , Furosemida/farmacologia , Humanos , Indometacina/administração & dosagem , Injeções Intravenosas , Postura , Potássio/urina , Sódio/urina , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Phaeochromocytomas usually occur sporadically but may be associated with dominant inherited cancer syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) and type 1 neurofibromatosis. We report on a boy presenting at age 8 years with an isolated benign phaeochromocytoma of the left adrenal. Three years later a second adrenal phaeochromocytoma was diagnosed on the right side and removed. His family history was negative. Genetic analysis did not show a mutation in the MEN 2 susceptible proto-oncogene rearranged during transfection; however, we found a germline missense mutation in the VHL gene (nucleotide 695 G to A transversion) which has been described only twice before in the literature. Both parents had normal (wild type) VHL copies indicating that our patient had a de novo germline VHL mutation. Careful clinical evaluation of the patient at 18 years did not reveal any other manifestations of VHL disease. CONCLUSION: Carriers of von Hippel-Lindau germline mutations can present with a form fruste of von Hippel-Lindau disease presenting initially with unilateral phaeochromocytoma and therefore mutation analysis should be carried out.
Assuntos
Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/complicações , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/genética , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Feocromocitoma/complicações , Feocromocitoma/genética , Doença de von Hippel-Lindau/complicações , Doença de von Hippel-Lindau/genética , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/cirurgia , Adrenalectomia , Criança , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Feocromocitoma/diagnóstico , Feocromocitoma/cirurgia , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Medição de Risco , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Doença de von Hippel-Lindau/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile is of growing importance as a hospital-acquired pathogen. Pseudomembraneous colitis is the main clinical disease. Transmission and epidemiological features are not yet fully understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Stool samples from 1164 individuals (571 women and 593 men) attending were examined for the presence of C. difficile. Follow-up examinations and molecular typing methods were used for the detection nosocomial transmissions. Additionally, hospital-borne environmental samples as well as staff samples were tested. RESULTS: Incidence of C. difficile infection was 8.4%. Nearly all patients (92.9%) had antibiotics given. Using molecular typing nosocomial transmission was evident. Though, environmental samples in general had a low positivity, toilet chairs were contaminated in 15.4% and may be a potential source of transmission. Staff was positive in only one case. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of infections with C. difficile becomes to be a major threat for the clinical and hygienic management.
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Clostridioides difficile , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Enterocolite Pseudomembranosa/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , Estudos Transversais , Enterocolite Pseudomembranosa/transmissão , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recursos Humanos em Hospital , Fatores de Risco , BanheirosRESUMO
Using an extracorporeal artificial beta-cell in chronically diabetic dogs, the effects of four different mathematical models of glucose-controlled insulin dosage were compared: the Biostator algorithm (quadratic equation), Toronto algorithm (hyperbolic tangent function), Karlsburg algorithm (modified first-order derivative controller), and Ilmenau algorithm (second-order linear difference equation). The constants of all formulas implemented for the artificial beta-cell were obtained by regression analysis of paired blood glucose and plasma insulin data from normal control animals. Thus, they were biologically equivalent for all formulas. The patterns of blood glucose, insulin doses, and plasma insulin before, during, and after an intravenous glucose infusion test performed during the glucose-controlled insulin infusion showed no significant differences between the experimental groups subjected to the different algorithms. However, in no case were really normal blood glucose response curves restored by the artificial beta-cell. This might be due, first, to the fact that the algorithm parameters were not adapted to the actual individual insulin responsiveness, second, to the unphysiological peripheral venous route of insulin administration, and, third, to the lack of appropriate adaptation of the animals to normoglycemia.