RESUMO
To improve nutrient utilization and pathogenic resistance of plants in space, it is crucial to understand the effects of microgravity on the plant root microbiome. However, the finer details of whether and how microgravity affects the root microbiome remain unclear. Here, we found that simulated microgravity elicits no significant changes in fungal community composition and diversity, whether rhizosphere or endophytic. However, simulated microgravity caused a significant change in the composition and diversity of endophytic bacteria of wheat seedlings, but not in rhizosphere bacteria. The alteration of endophytic bacterial communities demonstrates that wheat seedlings adopt strategies to recruit additional endophytic Enterobacteriaceae and increase the stability of the endophytic bacterial network to respond to the challenge of simulated microgravity. Furthermore, our results also suggest that the corresponding changes in endophytic bacteria under simulated microgravity are closely related to a significant decrease in metabolites of the host's carbon metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism pathways. Our findings reveal details important to our understanding of the impact of gravity on the microbial community of plant seedlings and the theoretical basis for manipulation of microorganisms to ensure efficient plant production in space.
Assuntos
Triticum , Ausência de Peso , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Plantas , Rizosfera , Plântula , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a common malignancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. However, the role of miR-451a in PTC is not fully understood. Hence, the objective of the study was to research the effect and mechanism of miR-451a in PTC. Differentially expressed miRNAs between GSE113629 and GSE103996 databases were assessed by Venn diagram. miR-451a and its downstream target genes were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8, EdU, transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to evaluated the target of miR-451a. Xenografted tumors was used to explore the function of miR-451a in vivo. Pathological changes and related protein expression were measured by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. MiR-451a was downregulated in PTC tissues and blood, and low expression of miR-451a was related to short overall survival, serious lymph node metastasis and high TNM grade in PTC patients. Moreover, increase of miR-451a restrained the proliferation and invasion and accelerated the apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-451a repressed VEGF signaling pathway. Importantly, miR-451a was demonstrated to target DCBLD2 and AKT1. Overexpression of DCBLD2 and AKT1 could restore the effect of miR-451a on PTC cells. In addition, miR-451a reduced the growth of xenografted tumors in vivo. The data suggested that miR-451a attenuated the proliferation, invasion and promoted apoptosis in PTC cells via inhibiting DCBLD2 and AKT1.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Papilar , MicroRNAs , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Apoptose/genética , Carcinoma Papilar/genética , Carcinoma Papilar/metabolismo , Carcinoma Papilar/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/genética , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/genética , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/metabolismoRESUMO
As the core food crop of a bioregenerative life support system (BLSS), wheat is susceptible to pathogen infection due to the lack of effective microbial communities in the confined and isolated environment. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the dynamic changes in wheat rhizosphere fungi is of great significance for improving wheat production and ensuring the stability of the BLSS. In the current study, we collected samples of rhizosphere fungi in the four growth stages of wheat grown in the "Lunar Palace 365" experiment. We employed bioinformatics methods to analyze the samples' species composition characteristics, community network characteristics, and FUNGuild function analysis. We found that the species composition of rhizosphere fungi in the wheat at the tillering stage changed greatly in the closed and isolated environment, while the species composition in the seedling, flowering, and mature stage were relatively stable. The results of the FUNGuild function analysis showed that the functions of rhizosphere fungi changed during wheat development. The rhizosphere fungal community was centered on Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Chytridiomycota, and the community showed the characteristics of a "small world" arrangement. The stage of wheat seedlings is characterized by a greater abundance, diversity, and complexity of the network of interactions in the rhizosphere mycorrhiza community, while the tillering stage exhibited a greater clustering coefficient. Based on the changes in species composition, guild function regulation, and community structure differences of the wheat rhizosphere fungi in the BLSS, our study identified the critical fungal species during wheat development, providing a reference for ensuring the health and yield of plants in the BLSS system. KEY POINTS: ⢠The diversity, composition, FUNguild, and network structure of rhizosphere fungi were analyzed. ⢠Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Chytridiomycota were the center of the rhizosphere fungal community network. ⢠The effects of different wheat developmental stages on the community composition, function, and network structure of rhizosphere fungi were examined.
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Micorrizas , Rizosfera , Fungos/genética , Raízes de Plantas , Microbiologia do Solo , TriticumRESUMO
The abundance and type of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influence immunotherapy and tumor progression. However, the role of immune cells in the TME of gastric cancer (GC) is poorly understood. We studied the correlations, proportion, and infiltration of immune and stromal cells in GC tumors. Data analyses showed a significant association of infiltration levels of specific immune cells with the pathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of GC. Furthermore, based on the difference in infiltration levels of immune and stromal cells, GC patients were divided into two categories, those with "immunologically hot" (hot) tumors and those with "immunologically cold" (cold) tumors. The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses revealed that the hot and cold tumors had altered epigenomic and transcriptional profiles. Claudin-3 (CLDN3) was found to have high expression in the cold tumors and negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells in GC. Overexpression of CLDN3 in GC cells inhibited the expression of MHC-I and CXCL9. Finally, the differentially expressed genes between hot and cold tumors were utilized to generate a prognostic model, which predicted the overall survival of GC as well as patients with immunotherapy. Overall, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of the immune cell infiltration pattern in GC and provided an accurate model for predicting the prognosis of GC patients.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Claudina-3/metabolismo , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/imunologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocina CXCL9/metabolismo , Claudina-3/genética , Progressão da Doença , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Prognóstico , RNA-Seq , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Transcriptoma , TransfecçãoRESUMO
The general public spends one-third of its time under artificial lighting, which lacks bands beneficial to human health, and long-term exposure will have a negative impact on bone health. Here, we report the effects of long-term, low-dose ultraviolet (UV) supplementation to white light-emitting diode (LED) light exposure on intestinal microorganisms and bone metabolism, as well as the correlations between the two. Normal and ovariectomized rats were irradiated with LED white light with or without supplementation with UV. The effects of UV supplementation on the intestinal flora and the relationship between the intestinal flora and bone were investigated by measuring the intestinal flora, bone metabolism markers, and bone histomorphology. UV supplementation affected the bone density and bone mass by changing the relative content of Firmicutes, Saccharibacteria, and Proteobacteria; however, the intestinal flora were not the only factors affecting bone. Ultraviolet supplementation changed the composition and function of the gut flora in the bone loss model. By increasing the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids and affecting immunomodulatory, intestinal flora directly or indirectly regulate the activity of osteoclasts and thus mediate UV-mediated improvements in bone metabolism. Our work shows that UV supplementation affects bone density by influencing the intestinal flora, introducing a novel strategy to develop healthier artificial light sources and prevent bone loss. KEY POINTS: ⢠We measured the bone metabolism markers and bone histomorphometry of rats. ⢠The diversity, composition, and function of intestinal flora were analyzed. ⢠The relationship between gut microbiota and host bone physiology was analyzed.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animais , Densidade Óssea , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis , Ratos , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
Wheat is the core food crop in bioregenerative life support systems (BLSSs). In confined isolation environments, wheat growth suffers from a lack of stable microbial communities and is susceptible to pathogenic infections due to the culture substrate's limitations. To overcome this limitation, the time series changes of wheat rhizosphere microorganisms in wheat production must be understood. In the present study, we examined the rhizosphere microbial samples from wheat at four different growth stages from plants collected from a BLSS plant cabin. We employed bioinformatics analysis strategies to analyze the characteristics of species composition, function prediction, and community network. The species composition of wheat rhizosphere microorganisms was relatively stable in the seedling, tillering, and flowering stages in confined isolation environments. However, we observed marked microbial changes at mature stages. The results of functional prediction analysis suggest that the rhizosphere microbial community function of "Energy metabolism" gradually decreased, and the function of "Transmembrane transport" gradually increased during wheat development. The construction of the rhizosphere microbial community is non-random, scale-free and has the characteristics of a small world. We found the tillering stage to be more complex than the other stages. Our study reveals the composition characteristics, functional changes, and community structure fluctuations of rhizosphere bacteria at different development stages of wheat in the isolated and controlled environment, providing a theoretical basis for the efficient production of BLSS plant systems. KEY POINTS: ⢠We collected wheat rhizosphere microorganisms at different stages in a confined isolation environment. ⢠The diversity, composition, function, and network structure of rhizosphere bacteria were analyzed. ⢠The effect of different wheat stages on the composition, function, and network structure of rhizosphere microorganisms was speculated.
Assuntos
Microbiota , Rizosfera , Raízes de Plantas , Microbiologia do Solo , TriticumRESUMO
The growth of plants under high carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (≥ 1000 ppm) is explored for the climate change and the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) environment of long-duration space missions. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a grass cultivated for cereal grain-a global staple food including astronauts. Light and CO2 are both indispensable conditions for wheat seedlings. This study provides insights on the physiology, antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic characteristics of wheat seedlings under a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities in a closed system simulating BLSS with high CO2 concentration. We found that the Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, chlorophyll content, intrinsic water use efficiencies (WUEi), membrane stability index (MSI), and malondialdehyde (MDA) of wheat seedlings grown under an intermediate light intensity of 600 µmol m-2 s-1 environment were all largest. Interestingly, the high light intensity of 1200 mol m-2 s-1 treatment group exhibits the highest net photosynthetic rate but the lowest MDA content. The stomatal conductance and F0 of high light intensity of 1000 µmol m-2 s-1 treatment group were both significantly higher than that of other groups. Our study provides basic knowledge on the wheat growth in different environments, especially in a closed ecosystem with artificial lights.
Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Luz , Fotossíntese/fisiologia , Plântula/metabolismo , Plântula/efeitos da radiação , Triticum/metabolismo , Triticum/efeitos da radiação , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , EcossistemaRESUMO
Wheat seedlings are significantly impacted by the presence of bacteria. However, bacteria are unavoidably growing together with wheat. The study aimed to reveal wheat photosynthesis, phyllosphere bacterial community composition, and a shift in the bacterial community following different density treatments in a closed artificial ecosystem. Here, we report the relationship between photosynthesis and bacterial community in wheat seedlings for different planting densities. In this closed artificial ecosystem, a total of 30 phyla were detected, with 17 of them were simultaneously present in four treatments, under high light intensity and carbon dioxide growth environment. The key phyla detected include Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. We found that planting densities significantly impacted the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat and bacterial genetic biodiversity, but not on species composition of the bacterial community. Network analysis shows that the phyllosphere bacteria network structures were characterized by the clustering coefficient and modularity. Network for the 1000 plants/m2 treatment group exhibits the highest levels of average clustering coefficient but lowest modularity and number of modules, among all plant densities tested. In addition, the network for the 1200 plants/m2 treatment group exhibits the best characteristics in terms of net photosynthesis rate and intrinsic water use efficiency, higher complex phyllosphere community network structures, higher abundance of Corynebacterium, and more function of "Amino acid metabolism", which encourages the plants to grow better. The findings presented in this work elucidated the role of plant density in the growth of phyllosphere bacteria during wheat seedlings and provided theoretical support for reasonable wheat density cultivation in closed artificial ecosystems and wheat field production.
Assuntos
Plântula , Triticum , Bactérias/genética , Ecossistema , Fotossíntese , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) provide self-sufficient food ingredients to support long-term manned missions. It is crucial to transform raw food ingredients that are regenerated in situ in BLSS into nutritional and delectable meals for spacecraft crews. It is in our interest to develop a dietary menu with Chinese characteristics that comprises biomass produced in situ with BLSS regenerated ingredients. RESULTS: Here we report an optimized Chinese 4-day diet meal plan for 'Lunar Palace 1' that is nutritionally balanced and highly acceptable. The 2900 cal diet menu not only meets the requirements of a balanced diet for crews but also exceeds the recommended levels for most nutrients. Specifically, daily fresh food consumption in our meal plan is 1267 g day-1 , of which 78% is provided by crops and insects regenerated in situ in the BLSS. The meal plan is highly favored by Chinese crews, with acceptability as high as 7.8-8.2 on a 9-point hedonic scale. We further confirmed that our meal plan satisfies crews' basic nutritional needs through a 105-day closed habitation experiment. CONCLUSION: In brief, the findings provide new insights for dietary meal plan design in future long-term manned missions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Dieta/normas , Sistemas de Manutenção da Vida , Astronautas , China , Análise de Alimentos , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , Voo EspacialRESUMO
Understanding the dynamics of human gut microbiota in space is crucial in maintaining astronaut health. Long-duration and deep-space manned exploration will require the in situ regeneration of resources, which would be achieved by an artificial ecosystem, such as a bioregenerative life-support system (BLSS). Potential response of human gut microbiota to particular lifestyle and dietary structure experienced in a BLSS remains unclear. Here, we report how a BLSS impacts the gut microbiota during a 105-day study that took place in the Chinese Lunar Palace 1 (LP1). The three crewmembers were provided with high-plant and high-fibre diet, and they followed a fixed schedule including extensive labour in the plant cabin. The gut microbiota composition of the three crewmembers showed convergence and similar dynamic change. Increased diversity and abundance of Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium and Blautia indicated that the LP1 dietary structure and the lifestyle may be beneficial for the maintenance of healthy gut microbiome. A stronger impact was found from the gut microbiome to the environment compared with the opposite direction, suggesting the necessity of environmental pathogen control in BLSS.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Adulto , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , China , Dieta , Ecossistema , Feminino , Humanos , Intestinos/microbiologia , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Voo Espacial , Simulação de Ambiente EspacialRESUMO
AIMS: C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) is an adipokine mainly secreted by white adipose tissue and plays protective roles in energy metabolism. However, information regarding the role of CTRP9 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is scarce. Here we aimed to ascertain the clinical relevance between circulating CTRP9 levels and NAFLD through a cross-sectional study. METHODS: The study enrolled 82 NAFLD adults and 79 sex- and age-matched non-NAFLD controls. Serum CTRP9 was measured via ELISA method. Metabolic parameters were also determined. RESULTS: Although serum CTRP9 level seems to be higher in NAFLD adults, there was no significant difference among the ultrasonographic degrees of NAFLD (Pâ¯=â¯0.275). Further, after adjustment for BMI in the multinomial logistic regression model, no significant odds ratio difference was observed for NAFLD among the CTRP9 tertiles. Moreover, binary logistic regression models demonstrated that, body mass index (BMI) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) but not CTRP9 were independent factors related to NAFLD. Besides, serum CTRP9 was positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, Fasting insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR in all subjects. BMI was the independent factor associated with serum CTRP9. CONCLUSIONS: Serum CTRP9 is not independently related to NAFLD. The association between serum CTRP9 and NAFLD might be due to the influence of obesity.
Assuntos
Adiponectina/sangue , Complemento C1q/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/sangue , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/sangue , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Adipocinas/metabolismo , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Glicemia/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas Associados a Receptores de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral , Circunferência da Cintura/fisiologiaRESUMO
There is much uncertainty about the risks of seed germination after repeated or protracted environmental low-dose ionizing radiation exposure. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence mechanism of low-dose ionizing radiation on wheat seed germination using a model linking physiological characteristics and developmental-dynamics simulation. A low-dose ionizing radiation environment simulator was built to investigate wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds germination process and then a kinetic model expressing the relationship between wheat seed germination dynamics and low-dose ionizing radiation intensity variations was developed by experimental data, plant physiology, relevant hypotheses and system dynamics, and sufficiently validated and accredited by computer simulation. Germination percentages were showing no differences in response to different dose rates. However, root and shoot lengths were reduced significantly. Plasma governing equations were set up and the finite element analysis demonstrated H2O, CO2, O2 as well as the seed physiological responses to the low-dose ionizing radiation. The kinetic model was highly valid, and simultaneously the related influence mechanism of low-dose ionizing radiation on wheat seed germination proposed in the modeling process was also adequately verified. Collectively these data demonstrate that low-dose ionizing radiation has an important effect on absorbing water, consuming O2 and releasing CO2, which means the risk for embryo and endosperm development was higher.
Assuntos
Germinação/efeitos da radiação , Sementes/fisiologia , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Triticum/efeitos da radiação , IncertezaRESUMO
The microbial communities of plant ecosystems are in relation to plant growing environment, but the alteration in biodiversity of rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities in closed and controlled environments is unknown. The purpose of this study is to analyze the change regularity of microbial communities with wheat plants dependent-cultivated in a closed artificial ecosystem. The microbial community structures in closed-environment treatment plants were investigated by a culture-dependent approach, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. The results indicated that the number of microbes decreased along with time, and the magnitude of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were 10(7)-10(8), 10(5), and 10(3)-10(4) CFU/g (dry weight), respectively. The analysis of PCR-DGGE and Illumina Miseq revealed that the wheat leaf surface and near-root substrate had different microbial communities at different periods of wheat ecosystem development and showed that the relative highest diversity of microbial communities appeared at late and middle periods of the plant ecosystem, respectively. The results also indicated that the wheat leaf and substrate had different microbial community compositions, and the wheat substrate had higher richness of microbial community than the leaf. Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Enterobacter, Penicillium, Rhodotorula, Acremonium, and Alternaria were dominant in the wheat leaf samples, and Pedobacter, Flavobacterium, Halomonas, Marinobacter, Salinimicrobium, Lysobacter, Pseudomonas, Halobacillus, Xanthomonas, Acremonium, Monographella, and Penicillium were dominant populations in the wheat near-root substrate samples.
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Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Biota , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Triticum/microbiologia , Bactérias/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente Desnaturante , Ecossistema , Fungos/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Subamniotic hemorrhage results from rupture of chorionic vessels near the cord insertion. In the literature, it has never been a major cause for severe intrapartum complications. We report the first case of acute massive subamniotic hemorrhage intrapartum resulting in severe perinatal asphyxia.
Assuntos
Asfixia/etiologia , Hematoma/complicações , Doenças Placentárias/patologia , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez , Adulto , Asfixia/diagnóstico , Asfixia/patologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Hematoma/diagnóstico , Hematoma/patologia , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/patologia , Resultado da GravidezRESUMO
Although terrestrial CO2 concentrations [CO2] are not expected to reach 1000 µmol mol(-1) (or ppm) for many decades, CO2 levels in closed systems such as growth chambers and greenhouses can easily exceed this concentration. CO2 levels in life support systems (LSS) in space can exceed 10,000 ppm (1 %). In order to understand how photosynthesis in C4 plants may respond to elevated CO2, it is necessary to determine if leaves of closed artificial ecosystem grown plants have a fully developed C4 photosynthetic apparatus, and whether or not photosynthesis in these leaves is more responsive to elevated [CO2] than leaves of C3 plants. To address this issue, we evaluated the response of gas exchange, water use efficiency, and photosynthetic efficiency of PSII by soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., 'Heihe35') of a typical C3 plant and maize (Zea mays L., 'Susheng') of C4 plant under four CO2 concentrations (500, 1000, 3000, and 5000 ppm), which were grown under controlled environmental conditions of Lunar Palace 1. The results showed that photosynthetic pigment by the C3 plants of soybean was more sensitive to elevated [CO2] below 3000 ppm than the C4 plants of maize. Elevated [CO2] to 1000 ppm induced a higher initial photosynthetic rate, while super-elevated [CO2] appeared to negate such initial growth promotion for C3 plants. The C4 plant had the highest ETR, φPSII, and qP under 500-3000 ppm [CO2], but then decreased substantially at 5000 ppm [CO2] for both species. Therefore, photosynthetic down-regulation and a decrease in photosynthetic electron transport occurred by both species in response to super-elevated [CO2] at 3000 and 5000 ppm. Accordingly, plants can be selected for and adapt to the efficient use of elevated CO2 concentration in LSS.
Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono/farmacologia , Glycine max/fisiologia , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/metabolismo , Zea mays/fisiologia , Clorofila/metabolismo , Produtos Agrícolas , Regulação para Baixo , Ecossistema , Fotossíntese/fisiologia , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Transpiração Vegetal/fisiologia , Água/fisiologiaRESUMO
Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) larvae were used as an ideal animal protein source for astronauts in the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). Here, we compared the difference in bacterial communities of the silkworm larval gut between the BLSS rearing way (BRW) and the traditional rearing way (TRW) through culture-dependent approach, 16S rRNA gene analysis, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The culture-dependent approach revealed that the numbers of gut bacteria of silkworm in the BRW significantly decreased compared with that of the TRW. The analysis of clone libraries showed that the gut microbiota in the BRW was significantly less diverse than that in the TRW. Acinetobacter and Bacteroides were dominant populations in the BRW, and Bacillus and Arcobacter dominated in the TRW. DGGE profiles confirmed the difference of silkworm gut bacterial community between two rearing ways. These results demonstrate that gut bacteria change from the BRW contributes to the decrease of silkworm physiological activity. This study increases our understanding of the change of silkworm gut microbiota in response to lettuce leaf feeding in the BRW. We could use the dominant populations to make probiotic products for nutrient absorption and disease prevention in the BLSS to improve gut microecology, as well as the yield and quality of animal protein.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Biota , Bombyx/microbiologia , Lactuca , Animais , Bombyx/fisiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente Desnaturante , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Larva/microbiologia , Larva/fisiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
In recent years, studies have shown that low-dose supplemental infrared (IR) irradiation exhibits systemic anti-inflammatory effects. The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a potential mediator of these effects due to its role in regulating host metabolism and inflammatory responses. To investigate the role of gut microbiota diversity and metabolite changes in the mechanism of light-emitting diodes (LED) infrared's anti-inflammatory action, we conducted IR irradiation on mice. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA, and fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic, untargeted, and targeted metabolomic analyses. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the IR group, accompanied by a declining trend in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Gut microbiome analysis revealed distinct alterations in composition and functional genes between the groups, including the enrichment of beneficial bacteria like various species of Parabacteroides and Akkermansia muciniphila in the IR group. Notably, the IR group exhibited enrichment in carbohydrate metabolism pathways and a reduction in DNA damage and repair pathways. Furthermore, targeted metabolomic analysis highlighted a notable increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyric acid and isobutyric acid, which positively correlated with the abundance of several beneficial bacteria. These findings suggest a potential interplay between gut microbiota-derived SCFAs and the anti-inflammatory response. In conclusion, our study provides comprehensive insights into the changes in gut microbiota species and functions associated with IR irradiation. Moreover, we emphasize the significance of altered SCFAs levels in the IR group, which may contribute to the observed anti-inflammatory effects. Our findings contribute valuable evidence supporting the role of low-dose infrared light irradiation as an anti-inflammatory therapy.
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INTRODUCTION: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been associated with gastric carcinogenesis. However, the precise involvement of LRP8, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8, in H. pylori pathogenesis and gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the potential role of LRP8 in H. pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS: Three-dimensional human-derived gastric organoids (hGO) and gastric cancer organoids (hGCO) were synthesized from the tissues obtained from human donors. In this work, multi-omics combined with in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to investigate the potential involvement of LRP8 in H. pylori-induced GC. RESULTS: We found that H. pylori infection significantly upregulated the expression of LRP8 in human GC tissues, cells, organoids, and mouse gastric mucous. In particular, LRP8 exhibited a distinct enrichment in cancer stem cells (CSC). Functionally, silencing of LRP8 affected the formation and proliferation of tumor spheroids, while increased expression of LRP8 was associated with increased proliferation and stemness of GC cells and organoids. Mechanistically, LRP8 promotes the binding of E-cadherin to ß-catenin, thereby promoting nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of ß-catenin. Furthermore, LRP8 interacts with the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) to form the CagA/LRP8/ß-catenin complex. This complex further amplifies H. pylori-induced ß-catenin nuclear translocation, leading to increased transcription of inflammatory factors and CSC markers. Clinical analysis demonstrated that abnormal overexpression of LRP8 is correlated with a poor prognosis and resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in patients with GC. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide valuable information on the molecular intricacies of H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis, offering potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for GC.
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Understanding the microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in spacecraft assembly cleanrooms is crucial for spacecraft microbial control and astronaut safety. However, there have been few reports of ARG profiles and their relationship with microbiomes in such environments. In the present study, we assessed the bacterial community and ARGs in the air dust and surface environments of a typical spacecraft assembly cleanroom. Our results show a significant difference in bacterial composition between surfaces and air dust, as they belong to two distinct ecostates. Bacillus and Acinetobacter were significantly enriched in the air samples. Bacterial community network analysis revealed lower topological parameters and robustness of bacterial networks in the air samples. We also observed different distribution patterns of some typical ARGs between surface and air dust samples. Notably, the ermB gene exhibited a relatively high copy number and was enriched in the surface environment, compared to that in the air. Overall, our study provides insight into the complex microbial community and the distribution and transfer of ARGs in spacecraft assembly cleanrooms, and offers important input for developing control strategies against ARGs.