RESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe downstaging effects in locally advanced rectal cancer induced by 2 fluopirimidine radiosensitizing agents given through different routes in conjunction with preoperative radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From March 1995 to December 1999, two consecutive groups of patients with cT3-4Nx rectal cancer (94% CT scan, 71% endorectal ultrasound) were treated with either (1) 45-50 Gy (1.8 Gy/day, 25 fractions) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (500-1,000 mg/m2 by 24-h continuous i.v. infusion on Days 1-4 and 21-25) or (2) oral Tegafur (1,200 mg/day on Days 1-35, including weekends). Surgery was performed 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. RESULTS: The total T downstaging rate was 46% in the 5-FU group and 53% in the Tegafur group. Subcategories were downstaged by the sensitizing agents (5-FU vs. Tegafur) as follows: pT0-1, 14% vs. 23%; pT2, 32% vs. 32%; pT3, 49% vs. 37%; pT4, 5% vs. 7%; and N(0), 74% vs. 86%. Analysis of residual malignant disease in the specimen discriminated mic/mac subgroups (mic: <20% of microscopic cancer residue), with evident superior downstaging effects in the Tegafur-treated group: pTmic 23% vs. 58% (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: When administered concurrent with pelvic irradiation, oral Tegafur induced downstaging rates in both T and N categories superior to those induced by intermediate doses of 5-FU by continuous i.v. infusion. In this pilot experience, oral Tegafur reproduced the characteristics of downstaging described previously when full doses of 5-FU have been combined with radiotherapy.
Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Tegafur/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Retais/terapiaRESUMO
Colorectal cancer in the 2nd commonest cancer in Europe. In 5-10% of cases there is infiltration of urological organs. When infiltration affects the bladder or the prostate, anterior pelvic exenteration is the treatment that achieves the largest percentage of tumor free margins and the best 5-year survival. In very select cases of prostatic infiltration, the bladder can be preserved and prostatectomy and abdominoperineal block resection are carried out fulfilling oncological surgical requirements and producing an important improvement in the patient's quality of life. Owing to the very scarce published literature (two articles with three cases) we contribute our experience of 2 patients who received cytoreducing preoperative radiochemotherapy, prostatectomy and block abdominoperineal amputation and intraoperative radiotherapy. We describe the surgical technique used, which is substantially different from standard prostatectomy and requires good coordination between surgeons and urologists.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Bexiga Urinária , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anastomotic recurrence after radical sphincter-preserving surgery preceded by neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer is an uncommon event that merits further assessment. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of preoperative chemoradiation on the risk of anastomotic recurrence. Based on the initial extension of the tumor, we analyzed whether the distal surgical section was calculated through the virtual initial extension of the rectal tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were offered preoperative chemoradiation, sphincter sparing surgery and intraoperative radiation therapy boost. RESULTS: 180 patients were treated with anterior resection (40 %), low anterior resection (45.6 %) and ultra-low anterior resection (14.4 %). With a median follow-up of 41.1 months (0.36-143 months), anastomotic recurrence was diagnosed in 9 patients (5 %). There was no statistical correlation with downstaging (T or N), downsizing effects, or with distance from the lower limit of the residual lesion to the distal margin. Virtual intratumoral surgical section was speculated in 44 patients (3 developed anastomotic recurrence; 6.8 vs 4.8 %, p = 0.482). CONCLUSION: Anastomotic recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation is an infrequent event. Virtual intratumoral surgical sections followed by anastomosis do not contribute to an excessive risk of recurrence. Our findings encourage the development of policies for preservation of the ano-rectal complex in rectal cancer patients.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Anastomose Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Quimiorradioterapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Retais/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Tratamentos com Preservação do Órgão , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To report feasibility, tolerance, anatomical sites of upper abdominal locoregional recurrence and long-term outcome of gastric cancer patients treated with surgery and a component of intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (IORT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2010, 32 patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma treated with curative resection (R0) [total gastrectomy (n = 9; 28 %), subtotal (n = 23; 72 %) and D2 lymphadenectomy in all patients] and apparent disease confined to locoregional area [Stage: II (n = 15; 47 %), III (n = 17; 53 %)] were treated with a component of IORT (IORT applicator size 5-9 cm in diameter, dose 10-15 Gy, beam energy 6-5 MeV) over the celiac axis and peripancreatic nodal areas. Sixteen (50 %) patients also received adjuvant treatment (external beam radiotherapy n = 6, chemoradiation n = 9, chemotherapy alone n = 1). RESULTS: With a median follow-up time of 40 months (range, 2-60), locoregional recurrence was observed in five (16 %) patients (4 nodal in hepatic hilum and 1 anastomotic). Only pN1 patients developed locoregional relapse. No recurrence was observed in the IORT-treated target volume (celiac trunk and peripancreatic nodes). Overall survival at 5 years was 54.6 % (95 % CI: 48.57-60.58). Postoperative mortality was 6 % (n = 2) and postoperative complications 19 % (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to integrate IORT as a component of radiotherapy in combined modality therapy of gastric cancer. Local control is high in the radiation boosted area, but marginal regional extension (in particular, involving the hepatic hilum) might be considered as part of the anatomic IORT target volume at risk in pN+ patients.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Cuidados Intraoperatórios , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Neoplasias Gástricas/radioterapia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Terapia Combinada , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare efficacy in terms of pathologic response in LARC patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation, with or without a short-intense course of induction oxaliplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 05/98 to 10/02, 114 patients were treated with preoperative chemoradiation (4500-5040 cGy + oral Tegafur 1200 mg/day) for cT(3)-(4)N(+/x)M(0) rectal cancer. Starting 05/01, 52 consecutive patients additionally received induction FOLFOX-4, oxaliplatin (85 mg/m(2) iv d1), 5-FU (400 mg/m(2) iv bolus d1) and 600 mg/m(2) iv continuous infusion in 22 h with leucovorin (200 mg iv) d1 and d2, every 15 days (2 cycles), followed by the previously described Tegafur chemoradiation regime. Surgery was performed in 5-6 weeks. Pathological assessment investigated post-treatment T and N status in the rectal wall and peri-rectal tissues. RESULTS: Patients, tumor and treatment characteristics were comparable between groups. Incidence of pT(0) specimens was significantly increased by induction FOLFOX-4 (P = 0.006). Total T and N downstaging were 58% versus 75% and 42% versus 40%, respectively (P = ns). T downstaging of > or =2 categories was significantly superior in FOLFOX-4 group (P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Short-intense induction FOLFOX-4 significantly improves pathologic complete response in LARC patients treated with tegafur-sensitized preoperative chemoradiation. The 44% rate of pT(0)-(1) specimens observed in the oxaliplatin group should impulse innovative surgical approaches to promote ano-rectal sphincter conserving protocols.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Neoplasias Retais/tratamento farmacológico , Tegafur/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Fluoruracila/efeitos adversos , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Leucovorina/efeitos adversos , Leucovorina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Compostos Organoplatínicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Organoplatínicos/efeitos adversos , Compostos Organoplatínicos/uso terapêutico , Oxaliplatina , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Neoplasias Retais/radioterapia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Tegafur/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anastomotic recurrence after radical sphincter-preserving surgery preceded by neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer is an uncommon event that merits further assessment. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of preoperative chemoradiation on the risk of anastomotic recurrence. Based on the initial extension of the tumor, we analyzed whether the distal surgical section was calculated through the virtual initial extension of the rectal tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were offered preoperative chemoradiation, sphincter sparing surgery and intraoperative radiation therapy boost. RESULTS: 180 patients were treated with anterior resection (40 %), low anterior resection (45.6 %) and ultra-low anterior resection (14.4 %). With a median follow-up of 41.1 months (0.36-143 months), anastomotic recurrence was diagnosed in 9 patients (5 %). There was no statistical correlation with downstaging (T or N), downsizing effects, or with distance from the lower limit of the residual lesion to the distal margin. Virtual intratumoral surgical section was speculated in 44 patients (3 developed anastomotic recurrence; 6.8 vs 4.8 %, p = 0.482). CONCLUSION: Anastomotic recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation is an infrequent event. Virtual intratumoral surgical sections followed by anastomosis do not contribute to an excessive risk of recurrence. Our findings encourage the development of policies for preservation of the ano-rectal complex in rectal cancer patients (AU)
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias Retais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Retais/radioterapia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Retais/secundário , Canal Anal/anormalidades , QuimiorradioterapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To report feasibility, tolerance, anatomical sites of upper abdominal locoregional recurrence and long-term outcome of gastric cancer patients treated with surgery and a component of intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (IORT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2010, 32 patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma treated with curative resection (R0) [total gastrectomy (n = 9; 28 %), subtotal (n = 23; 72 %) and D2 lymphadenectomy in all patients] and apparent disease confined to locoregional area [Stage: II (n = 15; 47 %), III (n = 17; 53 %)] were treated with a component of IORT (IORT applicator size 5-9 cm in diameter, dose 10-15 Gy, beam energy 6-5 MeV) over the celiac axis and peripancreatic nodal areas. Sixteen (50 %) patients also received adjuvant treatment (external beam radiotherapy n = 6, chemoradiation n = 9, chemotherapy alone n = 1). RESULTS: With a median follow-up time of 40 months (range, 2-60), locoregional recurrence was observed in five (16 %) patients (4 nodal in hepatic hilum and 1 anastomotic). Only pN1 patients developed locoregional relapse. No recurrence was observed in the IORT-treated target volume (celiac trunk and peripancreatic nodes). Overall survival at 5 years was 54.6 % (95 % CI: 48.57-60.58). Postoperative mortality was 6 % (n = 2) and postoperative complications 19 % (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to integrate IORT as a component of radiotherapy in combined modality therapy of gastric cancer. Local control is high in the radiation boosted area, but marginal regional extension (in particular, involving the hepatic hilum) might be considered as part of the anatomic IORT target volume at risk in pN+ patients (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/secundário , Sobrevivência/psicologiaRESUMO
El cáncer colo-rectal es el 2º tumor en frecuencia en Europa. En el 5-10% de los casos existe infiltración de órganos urológicos. Cuando la infiltración afecta a la vejiga o a la próstata, la exenteración pelviana anterior es el tratamiento con el que se consiguen mayor porcentaje de márgenes quirúrgicos libres de tumor y mayores probabilidades de supervivencia a los 5 años. En casos muy seleccionados de infiltración prostática es posible preservar la vejiga, realizando una prostatectomía y amputación abdominoperineal en bloque cumpliendo con los requisitos quirúrgicos oncológicos y mejorando de forma importante la calidad de vida del paciente. Debido a la escasa bibliografía existente (dos artículos con 3 casos) presentamos nuestra experiencia en 2 pacientes a los que se les realizó radioquimioterapia preoperatoria citoreductora, prostatectomía y amputación abdominoperineal en bloque y radioterapia intraoperatoria. Describimos la técnica quirúrgica utilizada, que presenta diferencias sustanciales con la prostatectomía estándar y precisa de una buena coordinación entre el equipo de cirujanos y el de urólogos
Colorectal cancer in the 2nd commonest cancer in Europe. In 5-10% of cases there is infiltrationof urological organs. When infiltration affects the bladder or the prostate, anterior pelvic exenterationis the treatment that achieves the largest percentage of tumor free margins and the best 5-yearsurvival. In very select cases of prostatic infiltration, the bladder can be preserved and prostatectomyand abdominoperineal block resection are carried out fulfilling oncological surgical requirementsand producing an important improvement in the patients quality of life.Owing to the very scarse published literature (two articles with three cases) we contribute ourexperience of 2 patients who received cytoreducing preoperative radiochemotherapy, prostatectomyand block abdominoperineal amputation and intraoperative radiotherapy. We describe the surgicaltechnique used, which is substantially different from standard prostatectomy and requires goodcoordination between surgeons and urologists