The slant of the forehead as a craniofacial feature of impulsiveness.

OBJECTIVE: Impulsiveness has been the subject of much research, but little is known about the possible relationship between craniofacial anatomy and impulsiveness. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between one aspect of craniofacial structure (the angle of inclination of the forehead) and impulsiveness. METHOD: Photographs in profile were obtained from 131 volunteers who had been fined for driving at high speed and were undergoing a court-mandated driving license point-recovery course. They completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P), and Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (V). The angle of the slant of the forehead was measured with a photographic support and a protractor. RESULTS: High positive concordance was found between forehead inclination and 14 out of the 15 impulsiveness factors studied. CONCLUSIONS: The angle of inclination of the forehead was significantly associated with self-reported impulsiveness in this sample of traffic violators.

Association between self-reported impulsiveness and gray matter volume in healthy adults. An exploratory MRI study.

This exploratory study investigated the association between self-reported impulsiveness and cortical gray matter volume (GMV) of the entire cortex in healthy adults. As a secondary objective and based on preliminary findings concerning the positive association between self-reported impulsiveness and the slant of the forehead degrees (SFD), we analyzed associations between SFD, GMV and impulsiveness. We obtained 48 structural magnetic resonances. The participants also completed BIS 11 and profile pictures were obtained. SFD was measured by a photographic support and a protractor. The GMV of the whole cortex was obtained for each participant through Freesurfer. Firstly, we found negative and positive correlations between fronto-temporal and occipital areas respectively and BIS. Second, we found negative correlations between SFD and GMV in right postcentral gyrus, right caudal middle frontal gyrus, right transverse temporal cortex and positive correlation in left entorhinal cortex. Third, we observed a positive correlation between SFD and BIS in all impulsiveness scores. In conclusion, variations in fronto-temporal and posterior cerebral areas are crucial for BIS in healthy adults. Furthermore, SFD was associated with BIS and correlated with GMV areas involved in self-reported impulsiveness.

Bizygomatic width and personality traits of the relational field / Ancho bizigomático y rasgos de personalidad del campo relacional

SUMMARY: The bizygomatic width when compared to the bigonial width (WD) has been proposed as a craniofacial marker of some social and personality traits, such us self-reliance or the ability to express emotions. However, no studies have examined the association between WD and psychopathic traits, as happens with other craniofacial variables such us the facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR). In a sample of 70 adults (male and female) we took measures of the bizygomatic and the bigonial arches. Subjects performed self-assessment tests to evaluate their self-reliance, their alexithymia and emotional expressiveness and their coldheartedness or callousunemotional. Results showed a significant relationship between WD and self-reliance, emotional expression and alexithymia, and a tendency towards significance with general psychopathic scores. Additionally, we found a modificatory effect of the variables sex and age when analyzing the influence of the WD on the Factor 3 - "Coldheartedness" of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R), where this effect diminished depending on the subject's sex and age. Results suggested that the WD seem to be a good marker to be taken into consideration in further research that examines craniofacial traits and personality traits of the socio-emotional field.

RESUMEN: La anchura bicigomática en comparación con la anchura bigonial (WD) se ha propuesto como marcador craneofacial de algunos rasgos sociales y de personalidad, como la independencia/gregarismo o la capacidad de expresión emocional. Sin embargo, ningún estudio ha examinado la asociación entre la WD y los rasgos psicopáticos, como ocurre con otras variables craneofaciales, como la ratio anchura / altura facial (fWHR). En una muestra de 70 adultos (hombres y mujeres) tomamos medidas de los arcos bizigomático y bigonial. Los sujetos realizaron pruebas de autoevaluación para evaluar la capacidad de incorporarse al grupo, la alexitimia y la expresividad emocional, y la frialdad o la insensibilidad emocional. Los resultados mostraron una relación significativa entre WD con independencia/gregarismo, expresión emocional y alexitimia, así como una tendencia hacia la significación con la psicopatía en general. Adicionalmente, encontramos un efecto modificador de las variables sexo y edad al analizar la influencia de la WD en el Factor 3 - "Coldheartness" del Inventario de Personalidad Psicopática-Revisado (PPI-R), donde este efecto disminuye según sexo y edad. Los resultados sugieren que el WD parece ser un buen marcador para tener en cuenta en futuras investigaciones que examinen los rasgos craneofaciales y los rasgos de personalidad del campo socioemocional.

The slant of the forehead as a craniofacial feature of impulsiveness

Objective: Impulsiveness has been the subject of much research, but little is known about the possible relationship between craniofacial anatomy and impulsiveness. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between one aspect of craniofacial structure (the angle of inclination of the forehead) and impulsiveness. Method: Photographs in profile were obtained from 131 volunteers who had been fined for driving at high speed and were undergoing a court-mandated driving license point-recovery course. They completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P), and Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (V). The angle of the slant of the forehead was measured with a photographic support and a protractor. Results: High positive concordance was found between forehead inclination and 14 out of the 15 impulsiveness factors studied. Conclusions: The angle of inclination of the forehead was significantly associated with self-reported impulsiveness in this sample of traffic violators.

Bizygomatic width and its association with social and personality traits in males / Distancia bicigomática y su asociación con habilidades sociales y rasgos de personalidad en hombres

This study will examine how differences in measurements between bizygomatic and bigonial arches of the human face can provide relevant information regarding personality and abilities of the subject. Sample: 82 males. Group A: 55 subjects with the bizygomatic arch in contraction. Group B: 27 subjects without the bizygomatic arch in contraction. Subjects performed self-assessment tests in the following areas: ability incorporating themselves into the group, alexithymia and emotional expressiveness. Group A showed greater self-sufficiency and independence than group B, greater difficulty in describing and verbally expressing their emotions, less ability to express themselves emotionally through other forms of communication and reduced willingness to cooperate philanthropically. Results suggest a strong relationship between morphological structure of the bizygomatic arch and certain psychological characteristics.

Este estudio examina cómo la diferencia entre las anchuras del arco bicigomático y bigonial en la cara humana, proporcionan información relevante sobre la personalidad y las habilidades de un sujeto. Muestra: 82 hombres. Grupo A: 55 sujetos con el arco bicigomático en contracción. Grupo B: 27 sujetos con el arco bicigomático sin retracción. Los sujetos realizaron pruebas de autoevaluación en las siguientes áreas: adhesión/independencia al grupo, alexitimia y expresividad emocional. El grupo A mostró respecto al grupo B una mayor autosuficiencia e independencia, mayor dificultad para describir y expresar verbalmente sus emociones, menor capacidad para expresarse emocionalmente a través de diferentes formas de comunicación y reducción de la voluntad de cooperar filantrópicamente. Los resultados sugieren una fuerte relación entre la estructura morfológica del arco bicigomático y ciertas características psicológicas.

La impulsividad y su asociación con la inclinación de la frente / Impulsivity and its association with the slant of the forehead

Avances en embriología, genética o neuroimagen, están ayudando a discernir posibles correlaciones entre estructuras del rostro, cerebro y personalidad. Una conducta que ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones es la impulsiva, de la que han surgido distintas conceptualizaciones con cierta controversia etiológica. En el presente trabajo estudiamos si el rostro refleja de manera objetiva el nivel de impulsividad. Para ello, se utilizó en población adulta (N=33), la dimensión Búsqueda de Novedad del Inventario de Temperamento y Carácter-Revisado de Cloninger, la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt (BIS-11) y la Escala de Impulsividad Estado (EIE). En el rostro se midió el grado de inclinación de la frente hacia atrás, resultando una asociación positiva con las 3 puntuaciones psicométricas. Tres jueces evaluaron visualmente el nivel de inclinación de la frente. Se obtuvo un alto acuerdo entre ellos, así como una alta correlación con la medida objetiva de inclinación. Aunque la muestra es reducida, los datos ofrecen una aproximación al objetivo de estudio.

Advances in embryology, genetics and neuroimaging are helping to discern possible correlations between facial structures, brain and personality. A behavior that has been the subject of much research is impulsiveness,where different conceptualizations have arisen with some etiological controversy. Objectifying the possibility of different levels of impulsivity in the face is studied.Foran adult sample (N =33),the Novelty Seeking dimension of Temperament and Character-Revised by Cloninger,the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Impulsiveness Scale State (EIE) were used. In the forehead the degree of inclination front to back was measured, resulting in a positive association with the 3 psychometric scores. Three judges evaluated the level of inclination of the forehead, resulting in a high reliability and a high correlation with the objective measurement of inclination. Although the sample is small, the data provides an objective approach to the study of the variable analyzed.