Novel immunological targets in rheumatic diseases: clues from current therapies.

Many years have elapsed since the discovery of immunomodulators as effective therapeutics for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, and we are still learning about their various mechanisms of action. Here, we provide a concise overview of the most recent discoveries in this field of research, focusing in particular on signaling pathways targeted by therapeutics currently used in the clinic. We highlight areas of investigation that could potentially be explored for the development of new classes of antirheumatic drugs.