Apoptosis of pro-B lymphocytes induced by NR4A1 activation in the presence of gingival fibroblast exosomes and TNFα, caspase 8, STAT3, and Akt pathways modulators.

There is a lack of data in the mainstream literature regarding the interactions between gingival fibroblasts, as a component of the local niche, and tumor precursors of B-lymphocytes. Although it is known that the development of tumors and tumor precursors depends on the local environment's characteristics. In order to experimentally evaluate the apoptosis of pro-B type lymphocytes, induced as a result of the known activation of orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1), through Cytosporone B (Csn-B, 10 µM), in the presence or absence of exosomes derived from gingival fibroblasts, we administered as a treatment: 1 µM R-7050 [functional inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)], 1 µM Z-IETD-FMK (functional inhibitor of caspase 8), 1 µM GSK690693 (functional inhibitor of Akt 1∕2∕3 pathways) and, last but not least, 1 µM scutellarin [functional inhibitor of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)] and therefore of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Firstly, it is really clear that the presence of exosomes in the pro-B lymphocytes culture medium amplified the apoptotic effects of 10 µM Csn-B. The inhibition of tumoral precursors development, namely the pro-B type, might be highly dependent on the inhibition of Akt 1∕2∕3 pathways, the first and most important consequence being apoptosis induced by the activation of NR4A1 orphan nuclear receptors.

The Role of the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI) in the Evolution of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Other Pathologies.

BACKGROUND: Protein-energy loss and inflammation are the main risk factors in the occurrence of complications in hemodialysis patients. The Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI) is a simple, inexpensive test to identify the early onset of inflammation and malnutrition in hemodialysis patients, critically ill subjects and those with malignancies. METHODS: A systemic review of English literature was conducted on the topic published between 1985 and 2022. A focused and sensitive search strategy was applied to the PUBMED database to identify relevant scientific articles in English. Once articles were identified, a detailed quality and bias assessment was performed. Two independent researchers analyzed the detailed data extraction. RESULTS: PINI proved to be a sensitive, powerful, low-cost and simple test. PINI has been useful in assessing evolution and prognostics in clinical care, with values above one being associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. It is useful in cases with surgical and postoperative complications, long hospitalization, as well as increased associated expenses. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first review of the literature on the above-mentioned topic (PINI) and is a valuable candidate for validating prognosis in patients with different pathologies.

Considerations of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Use in Oral Surgery.

Nowadays, tooth extraction has become a frequently performed surgical procedure whose most common postoperative outcome is alveolar bone atrophy. To reduce the bone dimensional changes, localized alveolar ridge augmentation or socket preservation with bone grafting is required. The socket may be filled with synthetic grafts, xenografts, autografts, allografts, autologous platelet concentrate. The use of platelet concentrates for healing improvement and regeneration of the soft and hard tissues in oral cavity is one of the latest achievements in dentistry. One of the newest practices in bone augmentation is the use of platelet rich fibrin, derived from the patient's own blood and can be very easily accepted by patients due to cost effectiveness, low donor morbidity and low rate of postoperative complications or infection. This biomaterial might be a solution for patients that have strong beliefs regarding the use of allografts or xenografts, or which are afraid of complications during or after autografting procedure. One cannot say that there is an ideal grafting material and must consider a person's religious affiliation or beliefs when performing bone augmentation.

[Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor--new prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma]. / Activatorul plasminogenului tip urokinaza (uPA) si inhibitorul sau (PAI1), factori noi de prognostic în carcinomul scuamocelular al cavitatii orale.

Several cell biological studies have shown that the invasiveness of different malignant tumors (breast, renal, prostate, gastric, ovarian cancers) depends at least in part on the urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI1. uPA converts plasminogen into plasmin. Plasmin degrades tumor matrix components and starts invasion and metastasis. Our target was to see the possible prognostic relevance of the tumor-associated proteolytic factors and to compare with tumor size, nodal status and grading. Our results suggest that the invasive and metastatic potential of squamous cell carcinoma is correlated with overexpression of uPA and PAI1.