RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with poor-risk cytogenetics have a poor outcome with intensive chemotherapy (IC). While Venetoclax (VEN) has changed the outcomes of elderly unfit patients treatment, it is unknown whether it could be effective in poor-risk cytogenetics 60-75 years old patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 60-75-year-old AML patients eligible to allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) treated with VEN (combined with azacitidine or with Cladribin and Aracytine) at Institut Paoli Calmettes, between 2020 and 2023 and compared this cohort with patients treated by IC between 2010 and 2019. RESULTS: Twenty six patients were treated with VEN (17 in combination with azacitidine and 9 with Cladribin and Aracytine) and 90 were treated with IC. Thirteen patients (50%) had a TP53 mutation. The median time for leucocyte and platelet counts recovery was 26 days (range 0-103) and 26 days (range, 0-63). The median duration of the first hospitalization was 32 days (ranges, 7-79). The composite response rate was 69% (CR = 50%, CRi = 4%, MLFS = 15%). Allo-SCT could be performed in 42% of cases. Median overall survival (OS) was 7.9 months (20.9 months in the group of patients who transitioned to allo-SCT). We found no difference with the historical cohort of patients treated with IC except a trend toward less lower and upper tract gastro-intestinal (GI) tract infections in the VEN group (respectively 8% vs 26%, p = .06; and 0% vs. 13% p = .06). CONCLUSION: VEN-based treatment was found to be effective in high risk AML can be considered as an alternative to IC in patients aged 60-75 with adverse cytogenetics.
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Acute erythroleukemia (AEL or acute myeloid leukemia [AML]-M6) is a rare but aggressive hematologic malignancy. Previous studies showed that AEL leukemic cells often carry complex karyotypes and mutations in known AML-associated oncogenes. To better define the underlying molecular mechanisms driving the erythroid phenotype, we studied a series of 33 AEL samples representing 3 genetic AEL subgroups including TP53-mutated, epigenetic regulator-mutated (eg, DNMT3A, TET2, or IDH2), and undefined cases with low mutational burden. We established an erythroid vs myeloid transcriptome-based space in which, independently of the molecular subgroup, the majority of the AEL samples exhibited a unique mapping different from both non-M6 AML and myelodysplastic syndrome samples. Notably, >25% of AEL patients, including in the genetically undefined subgroup, showed aberrant expression of key transcriptional regulators, including SKI, ERG, and ETO2. Ectopic expression of these factors in murine erythroid progenitors blocked in vitro erythroid differentiation and led to immortalization associated with decreased chromatin accessibility at GATA1-binding sites and functional interference with GATA1 activity. In vivo models showed development of lethal erythroid, mixed erythroid/myeloid, or other malignancies depending on the cell population in which AEL-associated alterations were expressed. Collectively, our data indicate that AEL is a molecularly heterogeneous disease with an erythroid identity that results in part from the aberrant activity of key erythroid transcription factors in hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells.
Assuntos
Leucemia Eritroblástica Aguda/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição/fisiologia , Transcriptoma , Adulto , Animais , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/deficiência , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/fisiologia , Dioxigenases , Eritroblastos/metabolismo , Eritropoese/genética , Feminino , Fator de Transcrição GATA1/deficiência , Fator de Transcrição GATA1/genética , Técnicas de Introdução de Genes , Heterogeneidade Genética , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos Transgênicos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/deficiência , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/fisiologia , RNA-Seq , Quimera por Radiação , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Regulador Transcricional ERG/genética , Regulador Transcricional ERG/fisiologia , Sequenciamento do Exoma , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) that rapidly progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain a challenge in disease management. Using whole-exome sequencing of an MDS patient, we identified a somatic mutation in the BCOR gene also mutated in AML. Sequencing of BCOR and related BCORL1 genes in a cohort of 354 MDS patients identified 4.2% and 0.8% of mutations respectively. BCOR mutations were associated with RUNX1 (P = .002) and DNMT3A mutations (P = .015). BCOR is also mutated in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia patients (7.4%) and BCORL1 in AML patients with myelodysplasia-related changes (9.1%). Using deep sequencing, we show that BCOR mutations arise after mutations affecting genes involved in splicing machinery or epigenetic regulation. In univariate analysis, BCOR mutations were associated with poor prognosis in MDS (overall survival [OS]: P = .013; cumulative incidence of AML transformation: P = .005). Multivariate analysis including age, International Prognostic Scoring System, transfusion dependency, and mutational status confirmed a significant inferior OS to patients with a BCOR mutation (hazard ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-8.1; P = .008). These data suggest that BCOR mutations define the clinical course rather than disease initiation. Despite infrequent mutations, BCOR analyses should be considered in risk stratification.
Assuntos
Mutação , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Subunidade alfa 2 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/genética , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/genética , DNA Metiltransferase 3A , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Exoma/genética , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Crônica/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaAssuntos
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Doença Aguda , Criança , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genéticaRESUMO
A cohort of MDS patients was examined for mutations affecting 4 splice genes (SF3B1, SRSF2, ZRSR2, and U2AF35) and evaluated in the context of clinical and molecular markers. Splice gene mutations were detected in 95 of 221 patients. These mutations were mutually exclusive and less likely to occur in patients with complex cytogenetics or TP53 mutations. SF3B1(mut) patients presented with lower hemoglobin levels, increased WBC and platelet counts, and were more likely to have DNMT3A mutations. SRSF2(mut) patients clustered in RAEB-1 and RAEB-2 subtypes and exhibited pronounced thrombocytopenias. ZRSR2(mut) patients clustered in International Prognostic Scoring System intermediate-1 and intermediate-2 risk groups, had higher percentages of bone marrow blasts, and more often displayed isolated neutropenias. SRSF2 and ZRSR2 mutations were more common in TET2(mut) patients. U2AF35(mut) patients had an increased prevalence of chromosome 20 deletions and ASXL1 mutations. Multivariate analysis revealed an inferior overall survival and a higher AML transformation rate for the genotype ZRSR2(mut)/TET2(wt) (overall survival: hazard ratio = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-7.7; P = .006; AML transformation: hazard ratio = 3.6; 95% CI, 2-4.2; P = .026). Our results demonstrate that splice gene mutations are among the most frequent molecular aberrations in myelodysplastic syndrome, define distinct clinical phenotypes, and show preferential associations with mutations targeting transcriptional regulation.
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Mutação , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Fenótipo , Splicing de RNA/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/diagnóstico , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/mortalidade , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Prognóstico , Fatores de Processamento de RNA , Ribonucleoproteína Nuclear Pequena U2/genética , Ribonucleoproteínas/genética , Fatores de Processamento de Serina-Arginina , Fator de Processamento U2AF , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that occurs de novo (primary myelofibrosis) or results from the progression of polycythemia vera or essential thrombocytemia (hereafter designated as secondary myelofibrosis or post-polycythemia vera/ essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis). To progress in the understanding of myelofibrosis and to find molecular prognostic markers we studied 104 samples of primary and secondary myelofibrosis at chronic (n=68) and acute phases (n=12) from 80 patients, by using array-comparative genomic hybridization and sequencing of 23 genes (ASXL1, BMI1, CBL, DNMT3A, EZH2, IDH1/2, JAK2, K/NRAS, LNK, MPL, NF1, PPP1R16B, PTPN11, RCOR1, SF3B1, SOCS2, SRSF2, SUZ12, TET2, TP53, TRPS1). We found copy number aberrations in 54% of samples, often involving genes with a known or potential role in leukemogenesis. We show that cases carrying a del(20q), del(17) or del(12p) evolve in acute myeloid leukemia (P=0.03). We found that 88% of the cases were mutated, mainly in signaling pathway (JAK2 69%, NF1 6%) and epigenetic genes (ASXL1 26%, TET2 14%, EZH2 8%). Overall survival was poor in patients with more than one mutation (P=0.001) and in patients with JAK2/ASXL1 mutations (P=0.02). Our study highlights the heterogeneity of myelofibrosis, and points to several interesting copy number aberrations and genes with diagnostic and prognostic impact.
Assuntos
Mielofibrose Primária/genética , Mielofibrose Primária/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Deleção Cromossômica , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Mielofibrose Primária/diagnóstico , Mielofibrose Primária/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Initially classified in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is currently considered as a MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasm. Two classes-myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative-have been distinguished upon the level of the white blood cell count (threshold 13 G/L). We analyzed mutations in 19 genes reported in CMML to determine if and how these mutations impacted the respective prognosis of the two classes. We defined four major mutated pathways (DNA methylation, ASXL1, splicing, and signaling) and determined their prognostic impact. The number of mutated pathways impacted overall survival in the myelodysplastic class but not in the myeloproliferative class. The myeloproliferative class had a worse prognosis than the myelodysplastic class and was impacted by RUNX1 mutations only. Our results argue for a reclassification of CMML based on the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative status.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mielomonocítica Crônica/genética , Mutação , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Subunidade alfa 2 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/genética , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Humanos , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Crônica/classificação , Prognóstico , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
The leukemic stem cell (LSC) score LSC-17 based on a stemness-related gene expression signature is an indicator of poor disease outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, our understanding of the relationships between LSC and pre-leukemic cells is still incomplete. In particular, it is not known whether "niche-anchoring" of pre-leukemic cell affects disease evolution. To address this issue, we conditionally inactivated the adhesion molecule JAM-C expressed by haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and LSC in an inducible iMLL-AF9-driven AML mouse model. Deletion of Jam3 (encoding JAM-C) before induction of the leukemia-initiating iMLL-AF9 fusion resulted in a shift from long term to short term-HSC expansion, without affecting disease initiation and progression. In vitro experiments showed that JAM-C controlled leukemic cell nesting irrespective of the bone marrow stromal cells used. RNA sequencing performed on leukemic HSC isolated from diseased mice revealed that genes upregulated in Jam3-deficient animals belonged to Activation Protein-1 (AP-1) and TNF-ï¡/NFï«B pathways. Human orthologs of dysregulated genes allowed to identify a score based on AP-1/TNF-a gene expression that was distinct and complementary from LSC-17 score. Sub-stratification of AML patients with LSC-17 and AP-1/TNF-ï¡ï genes signature defined four groups with median survival ranging from below one year to a median not reached after 8 years. Finally, coculture experiments showed that AP-1 activation in leukemic cells was dependent on the nature of stromal cells. Altogether, our results identify the AP-1/TNF-ï¡ gene signature as a proxy of LSC anchoring in specific bone marrow niches which improves the prognosis value of the LSC-17 score. NCT02320656.
RESUMO
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is similar to but a separate entity from both myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndromes, and shows either myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic features. We ask whether this distinction may have a molecular basis. We established the gene expression profiles of 39 samples of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (including 12 CD34-positive) and 32 CD34-positive samples of myelodysplastic syndromes by using Affymetrix microarrays, and studied the status of 18 genes by Sanger sequencing and array-comparative genomic hybridization in 53 samples. Analysis of 12 mRNAS from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia established a gene expression signature of 122 probe sets differentially expressed between proliferative and dysplastic cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. As compared to proliferative cases, dysplastic cases over-expressed genes involved in red blood cell biology. When applied to 32 myelodysplastic syndromes, this gene expression signature was able to discriminate refractory anemias with ring sideroblasts from refractory anemias with excess of blasts. By comparing mRNAS from these two forms of myelodysplastic syndromes we derived a second gene expression signature. This signature separated the myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative forms of chronic myelomonocytic leukemias. These results were validated using two independent gene expression data sets. We found that myelodysplastic chronic myelomonocytic leukemias are characterized by mutations in transcription/epigenetic regulators (ASXL1, RUNX1, TET2) and splicing genes (SRSF2) and the absence of mutations in signaling genes. Myelodysplastic chronic myelomonocytic leukemias and refractory anemias with ring sideroblasts share a common expression program suggesting they are part of a continuum, which is not totally explained by their similar but not, however, identical mutation spectrum.
Assuntos
Anemia Refratária/genética , Anemia Sideroblástica/genética , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Crônica/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anemia Refratária/diagnóstico , Anemia Refratária/metabolismo , Anemia Sideroblástica/diagnóstico , Anemia Sideroblástica/metabolismo , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Análise por Conglomerados , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Subunidade alfa 2 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dioxigenases , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Crônica/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Crônica/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/diagnóstico , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Ribonucleoproteínas/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Fatores de Processamento de Serina-ArgininaRESUMO
Since the discovery of the JAK2V617F tyrosine kinase-activating mutation several genes have been found mutated in nonchronic myeloid leukemia (CML) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), which mainly comprise three subtypes of "classic" MPNs; polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and myelofibrosis (MF). We searched for mutations in ASXL1, CBL, DNMT3A, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2, MPL, NF1, SF3B1, SUZ12, and TET2 genes in 149 non-CML MPNs, including 127 "classic" MPNs cases. JAK2 was mutated in 100% PV, 66% ET and 68% MF. We found a high incidence of ASXL1 mutation in MF patients (20%) and a low incidence in PV (7%) and ET (4%) patients. Mutations in the other genes were rare (CBL, DNMT3A, IDH2, MPL, SF3B1, SUZ12, NF1) or absent (IDH1).
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Janus Quinase 2/genética , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/genética , DNA Metiltransferase 3A , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Dioxigenases , Feminino , Humanos , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Neurofibromina 1/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Complexo Repressor Polycomb 2 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-cbl/genética , Fatores de Processamento de RNA , Receptores de Trombopoetina/genética , Ribonucleoproteína Nuclear Pequena U2/genética , Fatores de TranscriçãoRESUMO
Acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) is a rare (2%-5%) form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Molecular alterations found in AEL resemble those of other AMLs. We report a classification of AELs in three major classes, with different prognosis and some specific features such as a tendency to mutual exclusion of mutations in epigenetic regulators and signaling genes.
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Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Genômica , Neoplasias Hematológicas/genética , Mutação , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Doença Aguda , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/metabolismo , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/patologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMO
Myeloid malignant diseases comprise chronic (including myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia) and acute (acute myeloid leukemia) stages. They are clonal diseases arising in hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. Mutations responsible for these diseases occur in several genes whose encoded proteins belong principally to five classes: signaling pathways proteins (e.g. CBL, FLT3, JAK2, RAS), transcription factors (e.g. CEBPA, ETV6, RUNX1), epigenetic regulators (e.g. ASXL1, DNMT3A, EZH2, IDH1, IDH2, SUZ12, TET2, UTX), tumor suppressors (e.g. TP53), and components of the spliceosome (e.g. SF3B1, SRSF2). Large-scale sequencing efforts will soon lead to the establishment of a comprehensive repertoire of these mutations, allowing for a better definition and classification of myeloid malignancies, the identification of new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets, and the development of novel therapies. Given the importance of epigenetic deregulation in myeloid diseases, the use of drugs targeting epigenetic regulators appears as a most promising therapeutic approach.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Mutação , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide/terapia , Modelos Biológicos , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/metabolismo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/terapia , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/metabolismo , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/terapiaRESUMO
To determine whether the distinct and heterogeneous WHO category called "AML with myelodysplasia-related changes" (MRC-AML), presents specific molecular alterations we searched for mutations in genes known to be mutated in malignant myeloid diseases. In 48 MRC-AML patients analyzed, we found 17 mutations in ASXL1 (35%), eight in RUNX1 (17%), seven in TET2 (15%), 12 in IDH (n = 2) or IDH2 (n = 10) (25%), four in DNMT3A (8%), four in NPM1 (8%), and one in FLT3 (2%). Mutations were more frequent in the intermediate cytogenetic (IC) subgroup of 36 patients than in the unfavorable karyotype subgroup, with an average ratio mutations/patients of 1.36 [0-3] vs. 0.33 [0-2] (P < 0.001). Then, we compared these 36 patients with IC MRC-AML with a control panel of 37 no-MRC-AML patients, who had both IC and no dysplasia. IC MRC-AMLs were associated with higher incidence of ASXL1 mutations (47% vs. 0%, P < 0.001) and lower incidence of DNMT3A (6% vs. 38%, P = 0.001), NPM1 (11% vs. 62%, P < 0.001) and FLT3 (3% vs. 49%, P < 0.001) mutations. No difference was found in the incidence of IDH1/2 or TET2 mutations according to the presence of dysplasia. Complete remission rate after intensive treatment was lower in the MRC-AML group than in the no-MRC-AML group (48% vs. 78%, P = 0.023) and in wild type NPM1 patients (50% vs. 84%, P = 0.009). Our study showed that MRC-AML as defined in the WHO 2008 classification presents a specific mutation pattern characterized by a high frequency of ASXL1 mutations and a low rate of NPM1, FLT3, and DNMT3A mutations.
Assuntos
Medula Óssea/patologia , DNA Intergênico/química , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Taxa de Mutação , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/genética , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/metabolismo , DNA Metiltransferase 3A , Feminino , França , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Nucleofosmina , Indução de Remissão , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/genética , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/metabolismoRESUMO
Venetoclax (VEN) belongs the BH3-mimetic class that selectively targets BCL-2, activating apoptosis. The combination of VEN and azacitidine (AZA) has changed the paradigm of treatment of newly diagnosed (ND) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. There is scarce evidence for the use of VEN-AZA for relapsed or refractory (R/R) AML. We compared the outcome of 39 R/R AML and 38 ND AML patients treated between 01/20 and 12/21. The median age was 69 (22-86) and 73 (61-81) in the R/R and ND groups, respectively. Adverse cytogenetics were found in 36% of patients in the R/R group and 59% of patients in the ND group. Overall response rate was 37% in R/R AML, including 13% CR, 8% CRi, 3% PR and 13% MLFS, and 58% in the ND AML, including 32% CR, 13% CRi and 13% MLFS. Adverse cytogenetics was associated with treatment failure in the R/R group (Relative Risk = 0.13, p = 0.005). Median overall survival (OS) was 5.9 months in the R/R group and 9.4 months in the ND group. Median OS was 2.2 months in the adverse cytogenetics group versus 8.7 months in the intermediate cytogenetics group in the R/R group (p = 0.02). Median leukemia-free survival was not different between the two groups (9.4 months and 10.3 months), indicating that VEN-AZA can be an efficient salvage treatment for selected R/R AML patients. In conclusion, VEN-AZA is a promising treatment for ND AML and for selected R/R AML patients.
Assuntos
Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/diagnóstico , Neutropenia/metabolismo , Trombocitopenia/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/sangue , Prognóstico , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Oncogenic pathways underlying in the development of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remain poorly characterized, but mutations of the ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) gene are frequently observed. In the present work, we evaluated the prognostic impact of TET2 mutations in MDS. Frameshift, nonsense, missense mutations, or defects in gene structure were identified in 22 (22.9%) of 96 patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.5-31.3 patients). Mutated and unmutated patients did not significantly differ in initial clinical or hematologic parameters. The 5-year OS was 76.9% (95% CI, 49.2%-91.3%) in mutated versus 18.3% (95% CI, 4.2%-41.1%) in unmutated patients (P = .005). The 3-year leukemia-free survival was 89.3% (95% CI, 63.1%-97.0%) in mutated versus 63.7% (95% CI, 48.2%-75.4%) in unmutated patients (P = .035). In univariate analysis (Cox proportional hazard model), the absence of TET2 mutation was associated with a 4.1-fold (95% CI, 1.4-12.0-fold) increased risk of death (P = .009). In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, International Prognostic Scoring System, and transfusion requirement, the presence of TET2 mutation remained an independent factor of favorable prognosis (hazard ratio, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.6-16.3; P = .005). These results indicate that TET2 mutations observed in approximately 20% of patients, irrespective of the World Health Organization or French-American-British subtype, represent a molecular marker for good prognosis in MDS.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Mutação , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/mortalidade , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Dioxigenases , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de SobrevidaAssuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Epigênese Genética , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Medula Óssea/patologia , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Masculino , Mutação , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/tratamento farmacológico , Translocação Genética , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a haematological disease currently classified in the category of myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) because of its dual clinical and biological presentation. The molecular biology of CMML is poorly characterized. We studied a series of 53 CMML samples including 31 cases of myeloproliferative form (MP-CMML) and 22 cases of myelodysplastic forms (MD-CMML) using array-comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) and sequencing of 13 candidate genes including ASXL1, CBL, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2, KRAS, NPM1, NRAS, PTPN11, RUNX1, TET2 and WT1. Mutations in ASXL1 and in the genes associated with proliferation (CBL, FLT3, PTPN11, NRAS) were mainly found in MP-CMML cases. Mutations of ASXL1 correlated with an evolution toward an acutely transformed state: all CMMLs that progressed to acute phase were mutated and none of the unmutated patients had evolved to acute leukaemia. The overall survival of ASXL1 mutated patients was lower than that of unmutated patients.